馮務(wù)本
在歷年的中考中,英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的考察占據(jù)著十分重要的地位,英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞在十大詞類中占據(jù)著重要位子,而且英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞在中考中均以出現(xiàn)在任何一道大題和小題目中,那么,在中考中,怎樣復(fù)習(xí)好數(shù)詞這一專項(xiàng)呢?筆者經(jīng)過多年的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),形成了一套中考英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞復(fù)習(xí)方法,與君共享,但愿能起到拋磚引玉的作用。筆者認(rèn)為,中學(xué)英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的復(fù)習(xí),應(yīng)從以下兩個(gè)面入手。
中考要點(diǎn):
掌握中學(xué)英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的幾個(gè)大的考點(diǎn):(一)基數(shù)詞書寫;(二)基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為序數(shù)詞;(三)基數(shù)詞用法;(四)序數(shù)詞用法。并把這幾個(gè)中考脈絡(luò)具體化掌握起來(lái)。在加以一定的題目訓(xùn)練,相信一定可以起到很好的復(fù)習(xí)效果。關(guān)于這幾個(gè)中考知識(shí)脈絡(luò),我是按一下方式和方法整理和復(fù)習(xí)的:
一、基數(shù)詞的書寫及讀法1、1-12。2、13-19:個(gè)位數(shù)+teen :thirteen,fifteen,(變five中的ve為f+teen)eighteen,(eight+een)fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen.3、20-90:“個(gè)位 + ty”(除20,30,40,50,80):twenty sixty thirty seventy forty ninety fifty eighty.4、21-19( 31-39……91-99):十位-個(gè)位:twenty-one……ninety-one twenty-two……ninety-two twenty-three……ninety-three twenty-nine……ninety-nine 5、101-999:百位+and +十位+個(gè)位:106:one hundred and six 518:five hundred and eighteen 1000:a thousand,one thousand 6、1001以上:百萬(wàn),千萬(wàn),百位,and +十位+個(gè)位 :1,001:one thousand and one18,020:eighteen thousand and twenty 196,501:one hundred ninety-six thousand,five hundred and one.
二、序數(shù)詞的書寫及讀法(由基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為序數(shù)詞)1-19:1、不規(guī)則變化:1:first 2:second 3:third 2、規(guī)則變化:在基數(shù)詞后+th( 除5,8,9,12 ) :5:fifth 其余:sixth,seventh,tenth,thirteen,8:eight nineteenth 9:ninth 12:twelfth 3、20,30,40,50 …90:輔音字母+y,把y變?yōu)閕,+ eth :twenty:twentieth thirty:thirtieth ……ninety:ninetieth 21-29 (31-39,…91-99):十位為基數(shù)詞;個(gè)位為序數(shù)詞,中間用連字符。21:twenty-first 22:twenty-second 23:twenty-third 29:twenty-ninth 91:ninety-first 92:ninety-second 93:ninety-third…… 99:ninety-ninth…第100:hundredth101以上,218:two hundred and eighty-first 只有個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞 第1000:thousandth第1000000:millionth縮寫形式:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字+后兩個(gè)字母1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,54th,78th,81st,82nd,83rd
三、基數(shù)詞用法1、表示時(shí)間:(1)中文順序:8:30:eight thirty (2)半小時(shí)之內(nèi)(含半小時(shí)):分鐘數(shù)+past=時(shí)鐘數(shù)“幾點(diǎn)過幾分” 6:28:twenty-eight past six 6:30:half past six (3)半小時(shí)之外:分鐘差+to+下一時(shí)刻數(shù)“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”10:45:fifteen / a quarter to eleven 2、表示分?jǐn)?shù):母序子基,先讀分子,再讀分母;分子大于等于2時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)。1/5:one fifth2/5:two fifths 3、小數(shù):小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point 0.5:zero point five 2.8:two point eight3.29:three point twenty-nine 4、百分?jǐn)?shù):先讀百分?jǐn)?shù),在讀百分號(hào)(percent)25%:twenty percent 5、四則運(yùn)算:“+”:plus/and;“-”:minus;“×”:times;“÷”:divided by;“=”:equal/is 3+8=11:three and eight is eleven 20-5=15:twenty minus is fifteen 6×6=36:six times six is thirty-six 18÷2=9:eighteen divided by two is nine 6、表示年:1995年:nineteen ninety-five 1800年:eighteen hundred 2000年:two thousand / twenty hundred 583年:five hundred and eighty-three 2001年:two thousand and one / twenty hundred and one 7、表示年代:the + 基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)(阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字+s/s)8、50年代:50s/50s 讀:the fifties 30年代:s/30s :the thirties 9、公元前:基數(shù)詞+B.C 公元后:基數(shù)詞+A.D 公元前25年:25B.C 讀:twenty-five B.C 公元后238年:two hundred and thirty-eight A.D 10、年代初期/后期:early / late + 基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù) 在90年代初期:in the early minutes在50年代末期:in the late fifties 11、年代初期/后期:arly / late + 基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù) 在90年代初期:in the early minutes 在50年代末期:in the late fifties 12、不確定的年齡:in ones + 基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)“---多歲的”a man in his fifties a girl in her twenties 13、表示:“---多---”:基數(shù)詞+more +名詞;---不到---”:基數(shù)詞+less+名詞 注:基數(shù)詞大于等于2時(shí),名詞為復(fù)數(shù) 基數(shù)詞=one時(shí),名詞為單數(shù) five more boys;three more girls. I want one more apples 14、表示“這---人/物”:the + 基數(shù)詞the two:這兩個(gè)人 the three:這三個(gè)人 the five dogs:五條小狗 15、電話號(hào)碼:用基數(shù)詞表示 16、表示編號(hào)或數(shù)字大時(shí),可用基數(shù)詞,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字代替序數(shù)詞。Room 238;Unit 5 = Unit five;page 299 = P. 299;Number 8 = No. 8;Bus 388;No. 5 middle school;259 Guangdong Road 17、表示“數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)”等概數(shù)用:hundreds of / thousands of / millions of hundreds of times數(shù)百倍 18、表示具體數(shù)目:基數(shù)詞+hundred / thousand / million +名詞復(fù)數(shù) three hundred / thousand / million people 19、基數(shù)詞-名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),名詞用單數(shù):a million-pound note 20、“基數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ),一般不用復(fù)數(shù),也不用of短語(yǔ) four million dollars 21、There are four of us all to take part in the activity. 22、習(xí)慣表達(dá):one hour and a half = one and a half hours a day or two 23、in half分成一樣大小的兩半 He cut the cake in half / in two. the double of “---的雙倍”Four is the double of two 24、“基數(shù)詞/ many / several +dozen(單數(shù))”作定語(yǔ) 25、They send four dozen boxes of such sweets last week. 26、half a day半天 27、居住的門牌號(hào):介詞at+號(hào)數(shù)+街道名 He lived at 293 Helping Street for 30 years. 28、two-hour walk = two hours walk
四、序數(shù)詞用法和混用:the + 序數(shù)詞 1、幾次乘方冪:the + 指數(shù)(序數(shù)詞)+ power +of +底數(shù)(基數(shù)) the fifth power of two 2、表示“年月日”:月份+日子,年份(1)常用書寫格式:月份+阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(July 5;July 8) (2)書面:可用序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞書寫 讀音:“日”用序數(shù)詞讀May 5 =May 5th = May the 5th = May the fifth 讀:May the fifth Sep. 4,1990 = Sep. 4th,1990 = Sep. the fourth,1099讀:Sep. the fourth nineteen ninety 3、世紀(jì):18世紀(jì):the eighteenth century 20世紀(jì):the twentieth 4、…世紀(jì)…年代:the + 年代(基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù))+ of +世紀(jì)(序數(shù)詞縮寫)+century 19世紀(jì)60年代:書寫:60s/60s/the sixties of the 19th century 讀法:the sixties of the nineteenth century 5、a/an + 序數(shù)詞 + 單數(shù)名詞 = another + 單數(shù)名詞 Here are two boys,There is a third boy over there 6、the + 序數(shù)詞 + 單數(shù)名詞the third line,the second month 7、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞混用:lesson seven = the seventh lesson 8、part one = the first part lesson one=the first lesson
經(jīng)過以上對(duì)數(shù)詞的整體和具體的知識(shí)清理和復(fù)習(xí),在輔以一定的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練加以訓(xùn)練,在每年的中考中,學(xué)生們?cè)跀?shù)詞這一專項(xiàng)上取得了事半功倍的效果,相信這對(duì)同行會(huì)有所幫助。