宋力英

(吉林體育學(xué)院體育人文社會(huì)學(xué)系，吉林長(zhǎng)春 130022)

國(guó)際體育會(huì)議交流藝術(shù)的研究

宋力英

(吉林體育學(xué)院體育人文社會(huì)學(xué)系，吉林長(zhǎng)春 130022)

為加強(qiáng)國(guó)際體育交流，增進(jìn)體育友誼，使體育真正發(fā)揮無(wú)語(yǔ)言障礙、無(wú)國(guó)界的橋梁和紐帶，促進(jìn)世界和平發(fā)揮積極作用，從而保證國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文演講成功，從語(yǔ)篇分析的角度就演講的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答的不同表達(dá)方式進(jìn)行列舉并分析，這對(duì)于參加此類(lèi)會(huì)議的相關(guān)人員來(lái)說(shuō)具有較高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。

國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議;語(yǔ)篇分析;開(kāi)場(chǎng)白;概述;結(jié)束語(yǔ);問(wèn)答

隨著學(xué)術(shù)全球化，自如地運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流已成為現(xiàn)代人學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展極為重要的能力。在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議演講中，雖然有些學(xué)者具有一定的跨文化交際意識(shí)和從事學(xué)術(shù)交流的實(shí)用能力，在演講的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答等環(huán)節(jié)能夠運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)便、簡(jiǎn)潔和實(shí)用的語(yǔ)言，從而能夠恰當(dāng)自如地展示自己的最新研究成果，收到良好的效果，并已在國(guó)際科學(xué)舞臺(tái)上嶄露頭角。但還是有很多學(xué)者，包括從事國(guó)際體育的交流人員無(wú)法運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)、得體和簡(jiǎn)潔明了的語(yǔ)言和表達(dá)方法向國(guó)際同行們表達(dá)與溝通，引起人們的關(guān)注，從而把自己的獨(dú)到見(jiàn)解和有價(jià)值的研究成果有效地傳達(dá)出去，收到最佳效果。主要原因:一是他們沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到恰到好處的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答在演講中的重要地位，二是他們不十分了解其表達(dá)方式及其語(yǔ)言特征。因而，也就不知道如何根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)準(zhǔn)備符合國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的英語(yǔ)演講開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答語(yǔ)句。也就是說(shuō)，我們不僅知道使用什么語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，如何用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)同樣是重要的。因此，事先做好充分準(zhǔn)備，才能使演講的整個(gè)過(guò)程完整，使用規(guī)范、地道、簡(jiǎn)潔明快、恰到好處的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方法，才能贏得觀眾的注意力，并可主動(dòng)地掌控時(shí)間，保證演講時(shí)思路暢通，臨場(chǎng)自如，才能最終使自己的學(xué)術(shù)水平充分被國(guó)外同行所了解和認(rèn)可，達(dá)到預(yù)期目的。對(duì)此，本文通過(guò)豐富的范例構(gòu)建出學(xué)術(shù)交流開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答的場(chǎng)景及常見(jiàn)句型，旨在為體育交流人員提供一些簡(jiǎn)便、簡(jiǎn)潔和實(shí)用的國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)演講的表述方法，從而提高國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流能力和技巧，以取得良好的演講效果。

1 開(kāi)場(chǎng)白(Prologue)

開(kāi)場(chǎng)白是國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)演講的有機(jī)組成部分。俗話說(shuō):“萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難”。一個(gè)成功的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白要是能先聲奪人、引人入勝，能緊緊抓住聽(tīng)眾的心，把聽(tīng)眾的注意力吸引過(guò)來(lái)，從而使聽(tīng)眾翹首以盼，就稱(chēng)得上是好的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白。為什么開(kāi)場(chǎng)白如此重要呢?聽(tīng)眾對(duì)你開(kāi)場(chǎng)白的反應(yīng)如何至少有30%決定你演講的成功。演講者給聽(tīng)眾留下的印象一般在大約90秒內(nèi)就已確定，之后將很難改變他們的想法。因此，最初印象十分重要。一個(gè)糟糕的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白可能會(huì)分散聽(tīng)眾的注意力并疏遠(yuǎn)與聽(tīng)眾的關(guān)系，使得演講者無(wú)法再?gòu)浹a(bǔ)損失。而好的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白非但如此還對(duì)演講者的自信產(chǎn)生至關(guān)重要的作用。大多數(shù)開(kāi)場(chǎng)白要達(dá)到以下四個(gè)目標(biāo):一是獲得聽(tīng)眾的注意力和興趣，二是創(chuàng)建與聽(tīng)眾的積極關(guān)系，三是建立自信，四是陳述演講的概述。由此可知，恰到好處的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白是學(xué)術(shù)演講成功的重要前提。那么，在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議演講中如何進(jìn)行開(kāi)場(chǎng)白，如何自我介紹?

1.1 開(kāi)場(chǎng)白的內(nèi)容及模式

開(kāi)場(chǎng)白的內(nèi)容包括:對(duì)主席的介紹表示感謝、對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的稱(chēng)呼、問(wèn)候語(yǔ)(開(kāi)頭的社交辭令)、對(duì)會(huì)議背景/演講內(nèi)容的介紹、闡明演講的主題與提綱(演講的目的)。其模式一般有兩種:一是不同方式的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白。二是不同身份的人所做的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白。下面列舉幾種常見(jiàn)的以上兩種開(kāi)場(chǎng)白模式，做簡(jiǎn)單分析并提出相應(yīng)撰寫(xiě)建議。

第一種為開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山(Beginning with straight-forwardness)。無(wú)需迂回，繞圈子，直截了當(dāng)進(jìn)入主題。用精煉的語(yǔ)言交代演講意圖或主題。這種開(kāi)場(chǎng)白方式可稱(chēng)之為開(kāi)宗明義式。它適合運(yùn)用于較為正規(guī)、莊重的應(yīng)用性演講場(chǎng)合，并要求演講者具有較好的概括能力。

(1)Mr．Chairman，ladies and gentlemen，the title of my presentation is…

(2)Mr．Chairman，fellow colleagues，first，I’d like to tell you briefly the background of my paper，and then present my three hypotheses．

(3)Good morning，everyone．What I would like to talk about mainly concerns…Now，I’m going to briefly list a number of its basic characteristics．They are…

(4)Mr Chairman，representatives，I am very glad to have the opportunity of reporting my research on such an occasion，I’ll now lay my stress on the following three aspects．The first…

第二種為先感謝后介紹(Beginning with appreciation)。在演講者來(lái)到臺(tái)前，大會(huì)主席通常要對(duì)演講者做一簡(jiǎn)要介紹。對(duì)演講者來(lái)說(shuō)，演講前要對(duì)主席及在會(huì)的同行表示感謝。

(1)Dear colleagues，first of all，I would like to thank our Chairman and our generous hosts，the International Pragmatics Association，for providing many professionals who have come from all over the world with such a pleasant atmosphere to meet，exchange views，and share thoughts and findings．What I would like to talk about is…(2)Mr Chairman，thank you for your warm introduction and also for you efforts in making the conference opening such a success．The over-praising introduction you have just now given me，l think，is meant for the study on…l have been carrying on in recent years．Now I would like to say something about the study，and I hope that I can hear opinions and additions from everyone of you…

第三種為先介紹背景開(kāi)始(Beginning with a background introduction)。通常情況下，發(fā)言者就是論文作者。然而，若作者本人由于某種原因不能出席會(huì)議，這樣就會(huì)有三種方法來(lái)處理此類(lèi)事情:一是取消事先所安排的發(fā)言程序。二是將口頭發(fā)言改為墻報(bào)交流形式。三是由他人代理發(fā)言。代理人在代表他人發(fā)言前，首先要征得大會(huì)主席的允許，如果必要的話需要向觀眾做背景介紹。

(1)Ladies and gentlemen，Professor Weihong of the Donghu University of Wuhan may be known to many present．He has been engaged in the study on…for many years，and a number of his papers have been published．But unfortunately he could not attend the conference because of health reasons．At the kind recommendation of our Chairman，and as once an assistant of Professor Jin，I feel very much honourd to be permitted to present the following paper on his behalf．Well，now in recent years，Professor Jin has been working on…(2)Mr．Chairman，first of all，I would like to make an explanation…The paper I am going to present to you now has been compiled mainly by Dr Liang Boxian from the Shanghai Computer Centre．It is pity that he fell ill just before our departure for this conference．Here，on behalf of Dr Liang，I’d like to express our warm congratulations on the successful opening of the conference．The study on…is the area with which Dr Liang has been occupied…

1.2 常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白句型

表達(dá)問(wèn)候

●Ladies and gentlemen．It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience．

●Mr．Chairman，Prisident，distinguished colleagues，ladies and gentlemen，good morning!I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about…on this session of our symposium．

● Mr．Chairperson，Mr．Director-general，Distinguished Members of the IOC and Friends，Ladies and Gentlemen，good morning．

表達(dá)感謝

●Thank you very much，Prof．Fawcett，for your very kind/ gracious introduction．

●I appreciate the opportunity to give this presentation for this congress．

●I am indeed honored/I am highly honored to have been invited to address this distinguished group of experts，scholars，and others．

●I esteem it a great honor to be present at 2008 International Convention on Science，Education and Medicine in Sport”，(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“2008 ICSEMIS”)

介紹學(xué)校/系部

●I am a PhD student/researcher/technician at…

●I am doing a PhD/a Master/some research at…

●I am part of a team of 20 researchers and most of our funding comes from…

●The work that I am going to present to you today was carried out with the collaboration of the University of…

自我簡(jiǎn)介

●This is my first stay in any Asian country．This is a very exciting experience．

●I am an American by nationality and a doctor by profession．

●I am going to speak on behalf of Rodman’s research group．

●I’m from a country so far away that few Chinese know it．告訴聽(tīng)眾你的研究程度

●What I am going to present is actually still only in its early stages，but I really think that our findings so far are worth telling you．

●We are already at a quite advanced stage of the research，but I was hoping to get some feedback from you on certain aspects relating to．

●Our research，which we have just finished，is actually part of a wider project involving．

介紹演講的目的

●My speech investigates the conceps of…

●The purpose of my statement defines the subject of the experiment．

●My purpose statement typically consistes of three parts: goal of the speech，the statement of the topic，and the method or process to be used to develop the speech．

介紹演講的主題

●I am very happy to have the opportunity to share informtion with you about…

●It’s a pleasure for me to be here this afternoon and to address you on the subject of…

●I am delighted and honored to address you this afternoon on the subject…

●I feel privileged to share with you a few thoughts on…

2 概述(Outline)

概述是在保持原文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，把論文的重要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行精煉和濃縮。通過(guò)概述，可以確保演講中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容的陳述具有邏輯性，結(jié)構(gòu)具有連貫性。其中，要處理好所要闡述觀點(diǎn)的層次關(guān)系。它體現(xiàn)著學(xué)術(shù)演講者思路展開(kāi)的步驟，也反應(yīng)了學(xué)術(shù)演講者對(duì)客觀事物的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程以及表述的科學(xué)性和邏輯性。怎樣才能使學(xué)術(shù)演講結(jié)構(gòu)的層次清晰明了呢?根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾以聽(tīng)覺(jué)把握層次的特點(diǎn)，顯示學(xué)術(shù)演講結(jié)構(gòu)層次的基本方法就是:在結(jié)構(gòu)上環(huán)環(huán)相扣、層層深入。此外，使用過(guò)渡句或用“首先”、“其次”、“然后”、“最后“等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)層次關(guān)系，是使層次清晰的有效方法，也是學(xué)術(shù)演講的最為常見(jiàn)用法。作為10分鐘的演講，不必使用PPT概述，同樣建議演講者不要使用不會(huì)給聽(tīng)眾提供任何信息的概述語(yǔ)言，它只能引發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的睡意，不會(huì)帶給他們?nèi)魏蜗胂蟆?/p>

例如，F(xiàn)irst I will give you a brief introduction to my work．Then I will outline the reasons that led me to conducting this research．Next I will explain my methodology before discussing my results．

然而，你的確需要采用一種真正能給聽(tīng)眾提供有用信息的口述方法使聽(tīng)眾了解你所演講的內(nèi)容和框架。

(1)My speech mainly concerns the following topics:Firstly， the distinction between modernization and westernization．Secondly，the distinction between identity and instrumentality，which I shall use to give an account of what I take to underlie the process of modernization．Thirdly，to consider the way in which life in consumer cultures is becoming increasinggly abstract．Finally，I shall make some remarks on the different ways in which modernization affects traditional societies．

(2)I will highlight three broad issues that I hope will be useful to you for your discussion today．The first of these is how the Structural Funds fit into the UK’s reginal policy．The second issue I’d like to discuss is the role of the Structural Funds in helping to delivery the importants I’ve been talking about．For my third and final issure，because of the limited time，I am afraid that I have to leave them out to spare time．(何時(shí)使用PPT概述呢?一般情況下，如果演講時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)20分鐘、45分鐘，或演講題目涉及到藝術(shù)、人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)，就有必要向聽(tīng)眾展示PPT概述，從而幫助聽(tīng)眾更好地了解和掌握你演講的其余部分。)

2.1 常見(jiàn)的概述句型

傳統(tǒng)式

●There are three things to consider．First，…．Second，…．Third，…Above all，…

●We can see four advantages and two disadvantages．First，advatages．

●I’ve divided/I am going to divide my talk into three parts．First of all，…．The second，…And the third，… /In the first part…

正式

In this presentation I am going to/I would like to/I will

discuss some findings of an international project

examine/analyze/bring to your attention

introduce the notion of/a new model of…

give an analysis of/explore the meaning of…．

3 結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Closing Remarks)

俗話說(shuō):“編筐編簍，重在收口?！苯Y(jié)束語(yǔ)是學(xué)術(shù)演講內(nèi)容的自然收束，也是關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)所在。結(jié)尾是你最后向聽(tīng)眾展示你觀點(diǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)。確切的講，它是你最終留給聽(tīng)眾的印象的一剎那。但無(wú)論是哪種演講，其作用主要有兩點(diǎn):一是告訴聽(tīng)眾你的演講即將結(jié)束，二是強(qiáng)化聽(tīng)眾對(duì)你演講中心思想的理解。戴爾卡萊基說(shuō)過(guò):“最后的——也是最重要的，他緘言之前掛在嘴邊的詞兒可能使人記憶得最久。”如果是十分鐘的演講，結(jié)束語(yǔ)大概只用一分鐘的時(shí)間。實(shí)際上，只能說(shuō)三到四個(gè)句子。因此，言簡(jiǎn)意賅、余音繞梁的結(jié)束語(yǔ)極能夠使聽(tīng)眾精神振奮，并促使聽(tīng)眾不斷思考和回味。整個(gè)演講猶如畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛，能給人以強(qiáng)大的感染力。

3.1 結(jié)束語(yǔ)的方法

一般來(lái)講，學(xué)術(shù)演講的結(jié)尾沒(méi)有定式，或?qū)ρ葜v全文要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明扼要的小結(jié)，或以鼓勵(lì)性、號(hào)召性的話收尾，或以引言、名言警句及幽默語(yǔ)句結(jié)尾，或以祝愿的語(yǔ)句告終。總之，原則就是要給聽(tīng)眾留下深刻印象。

第一種為簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)式(Brief summary)

(1)So，just a quick summary．Using our process，we can produce energy．Energy from organic waste:THE MOST DISGUSTING sludge in the world．This virtuous circle means that small farms could generate all the fuel and the heat that they need just by using waste!So we all become less dependent on oil and nuclear power．And the added benefit is that this helps factories and cities to resolve the problem of waste disposal，which is particularly complex for organic waste．Two problems resolved at the same time!

第二種為鼓勵(lì)、號(hào)召式(Encouraging and calling for)

(1)Ladies and gentlemen，I believe Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to all of you-to athletes，spectators，and the worldwide television audience alike．Come and join us．Thank you，Mr．President．Thank you all．Now，I would like to give the floor back to Mr．He．(2001年楊瀾在申請(qǐng)2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦權(quán)的演講詞結(jié)束語(yǔ))(鼓勵(lì))

(2)If you honor Beijing with the right to host the 2008 O-lympic Games，I can assure you that Beijing will make you proud of the decision you make here today．(2001年中國(guó)代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)何振梁在申請(qǐng)2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦權(quán)的演講詞結(jié)束語(yǔ)) (號(hào)召)

第三種為引用式(Quotation)

(1)Chinese sage Confucius says“Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar!”Indeed，it is our delight to welcome all guests with open arms in Beijing in the year 2008．I am sure you will see a great Games in Beijing．Thank you．(2001年國(guó)家副總理李嵐清在申請(qǐng)2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦權(quán)的演講詞結(jié)束語(yǔ))

第四種為祝愿式(Best wishes)

(1)I wish the congress will be successful and productive，and wish you to have a very pleasant and memorable experience in the beautiful and historical city of Beijing．

(2)Finally，I wish all of you a healthy and happy life．Welcome back to China again and welcome back to our beautiful city Guangzhou．

3.2 常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)句型

警示聽(tīng)眾演講接近尾聲

●Okay，we’re very close to the end now，but there are just a couple of important things that I still want to tell you．

總結(jié)

●Well，that brings me to the end of the presentation．So，just to recap．

●In closing，I would like to leave you with the following important points．

告訴聽(tīng)眾他們可以在哪里獲得更多的信息

●I am afraid that I don’t have time to go into this in any further detail．But you can find more information about it on this website(which is on the back page of your handout)．

●If you would like more information on this，then please feel free to email me．My address is in the congress notes．

致謝

●Thank you for your attention and cooperation．/Thank a lot for your coming．

●That’s all for my presentation．Thank you very much．

祝愿

●I wish every success for this conference．I wish all the participants enjoy their visit to…and enjoy their life in…

●I would like to conclude my speech by wishing the conference a complete success．

●I hope that you will have a scientifically and socially productive experience in Beijing．

4 問(wèn)答(Q＆A)

國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)是個(gè)較難的環(huán)節(jié)，尤其對(duì)英語(yǔ)為非母語(yǔ)的演講者來(lái)說(shuō)。提問(wèn)可以說(shuō)是思維的“發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”或“催化劑”。它可以激發(fā)與會(huì)者的興趣;促進(jìn)與會(huì)者思維的發(fā)展;調(diào)控研討會(huì)的氣氛等。提問(wèn)需掌握以下原則:科學(xué)性、啟發(fā)性、針對(duì)性、可接受性、循序性、整體性、趣味性、精要性。實(shí)踐證明，設(shè)計(jì)提問(wèn)時(shí)抓住如下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)效果最佳:興趣點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)點(diǎn)、發(fā)散點(diǎn)、矛盾點(diǎn)、模糊點(diǎn)。準(zhǔn)備充分的問(wèn)答的好處是:一是可以進(jìn)一步澄清觀點(diǎn)，二是能獲得額外信息，三是同行間可共同分享見(jiàn)解，四是增加信息記憶度，五是表達(dá)對(duì)本演講的興趣，六是促進(jìn)雙方思想的交流。重要的是聽(tīng)眾的問(wèn)題可能會(huì)激勵(lì)你對(duì)本次演講還沒(méi)有涉及到的內(nèi)容去進(jìn)一步的探討，為你提供了今后深入研究的想法和思路。

4.1 提問(wèn)的方式

回答的內(nèi)容主要取決于問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容。在此主要列出常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式。一般來(lái)講，提問(wèn)通常有三種方式:一是要求肯定。二是要求獲得更多相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。三是要求對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題、想法或規(guī)劃給予評(píng)價(jià)與建議。下面就以2008年奧克大演講的提問(wèn)為例問(wèn)實(shí)例:

(1)My name is Doukas from United States Sports Academy，USA．I wanted to thank all of you for your presentations．They are wonderful，but the question I have for you，Dr．Kari Fa，is related to these obstacles of affecting women’s physical and mental health．Whether can we think of drawing up a project of overcoming these obstacles from childhood?What’s your specific idea? (要求建議)

(2)I am Ruan with University of Franche Comte，F(xiàn)rance，I have a question for you，Miss．Song，in your presentation，you mentioned that the system framework of merging of science and humanities within universities and colleges of physical education．Now，could you give some more details to support your statement? (要求細(xì)節(jié))

4.2 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)答句型

4.2.1 提問(wèn)人用語(yǔ)

自我介紹

●I am…of(USA Today)．

●My name is．I work with…

●I’m…from…

基本表達(dá)

●I’d like to ask you the following questions to have a better look into the subject．

●May I trouble you with a question?

●May I ask Mrs．Sloan about…/I was wondering if I could ask some question on…(more polite ways)

●I have a question for…/Mr…．You mentioned…．I didn’t really understant that，could you explain that a little bit more?

實(shí)際的提問(wèn)內(nèi)容

●What would you say about the research result of Dr．Lehman’s research group?

●You have so far told us about the positive aspects of his theory．Would you like to give us an example of a negative aspect if any?

●Why do you attach great importance to…?Could you explain in details/comment on that?

●Would you be so kind as to give me more information about the method of your experiment?

●What about the future of modern sports in your eyes?

●As a member of IOC，how do you value your trip to Beijing?What’s the most significance it made?

●May I ask a question，what do you mean by that statement?

●Dr．Wang，I’d like to raise one question．First，may I say how much I enjoyed your talk，but，may I ask，do you have experience with the new method?

●First，I’d like to say your research is very interesting．May I ask two questions?Do you see any relation between…．a(chǎn)nd…．And what advantage do you expect by using this approach?

澄清問(wèn)題

●Do you see what I’m getting at?

●Have I made that clear?

●Perhaps I didn’t really make my question clear，in fact what I asked was…

●Well，perhaps you’ve got a point there(你說(shuō)的有道理)，but…

●That’s not what I was really asking．What I was getting at was…

●Let me put to you another way．

4.2.2 發(fā)言人用語(yǔ)

請(qǐng)求提問(wèn)

●Are there any questions/Does anyone have any questions on this?

●I would be very happy to hear your opinons on this．

提問(wèn)前所涉及到的語(yǔ)言水平語(yǔ)句

●If you ask any questions I would be grateful if you could ask them slowly and clearly，as my English is a bit rusty and many attendees here today are not native speakers of English．

確認(rèn)問(wèn)題

●Sorry，I don’t quite follow what you were saying，could you repeat the question more slowly please?

●Sorry，could you speak up please?

●Sorry，I didn’t hear the first/last part of your question．/ What exactly do you mean?

●Sorry，I still don’t understand—would you mind asking me the question again in the break?

●Sorry，but to answer that question would take rather too long，however

●You can find the explanation on my web pages or in my paper．

●I’m not exactly clear what your question is/I don’t see what you mean．Could you have some more details，please?

應(yīng)對(duì)難題或無(wú)關(guān)問(wèn)題

●I’m not familiar with the details regarding that question．●I can’t give you an exact answer on that，I am afraid．

●You know，I’ve never been asked that question before and to be honest I really wouldn’t know how to answer it．

●Sorry，I would not like to comment on that．

●I am not sure there really is a right or wrong answer to that．What I personally believe is．

●I am afraid what you asked is beyond the point．It seems that is is not pertinent to our present topic．

●Sorry，I have little experience with this problem，since our emphasis is not laid on this point．

請(qǐng)求時(shí)間思考/推遲回答

●I think it would be best if my colleague answered that question for you．

●I need to think about that question．Do you think we could discuss it in the bar?

●You’ve raised a really important point，so important that I think I would rather have a bit of time to think about the best answer．So if you give me your email address at the end，I’ll get back to you．

●At the moment I don’t have all the facts I need to answer that question，but if you email me I can get back to you．

同意

●I would(totally)agree with you

●That’s exactly the way I feel．

不同意

●I have to disagree

●I’m sorry，I can’t agree with you in saying that．

●That’s not what I’m saying．

●Unforunately，I see it differently．

征詢回答是否滿意

●Thank you for your question．I hope you are satisfied with my question．

●This is my answer．Is it enough for your question?

●This is my opinion．What do you think of it?

●I think that might be the answer to your question．

●I hope I am making sense to you(理解)，but is is a tough question．

5 結(jié)語(yǔ)

從語(yǔ)篇分析的角度，本文探討了國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議英語(yǔ)演講的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白、概述、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、問(wèn)答的模式及特點(diǎn)。從列舉實(shí)例和分析中可以看出，學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議演講中的各環(huán)節(jié)用語(yǔ)雖都隸屬學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)類(lèi)的子系統(tǒng)，但也具有自己獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)篇模式。其語(yǔ)式特征是書(shū)面語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)的交融。演講者可根據(jù)內(nèi)容、背景、場(chǎng)合和演講語(yǔ)言表達(dá)特點(diǎn)的需要，盡可能使用規(guī)范語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，并使得演講內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)潔明了、通俗易懂、靈活多樣、活潑生動(dòng)，更主要的是具有針對(duì)性和實(shí)用性。國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議演講除了與其它演講具有的共同特征外，還由于其內(nèi)容的科學(xué)性、專(zhuān)業(yè)性、獨(dú)創(chuàng)性、交際目的的嚴(yán)肅性，外加演講者的特殊身份等特點(diǎn)，它與一般的口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇相比還存在差別，其口語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)具有書(shū)面語(yǔ)的規(guī)范嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、客觀鮮明的風(fēng)格。此外，演講者還可構(gòu)思其它富有創(chuàng)意的開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾等不拘一格的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式。但無(wú)論何種形式，抓住聽(tīng)眾注意力和興趣，建立與聽(tīng)眾的良好關(guān)系是前提。

［1］Stephen E．Lucas．The Art of Public Speaking［M］．Thenth Edition．Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，2011．

［2］Adrian Wallwork．English for Presentations at International Conference［M］．Springer，2010．

［3］石井隆之．國(guó)際會(huì)議英語(yǔ)表達(dá)實(shí)例［M］．北京:外文出版社，2011．

［4］賈衛(wèi)國(guó)．國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流英語(yǔ)［M］．北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，2008．

［5］吳 斐，周 頻．國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流英語(yǔ)［M］．武漢:武漢大學(xué)出版社，2008．

［6］王慧莉，劉文宇．國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流英語(yǔ)［M］．大連:大連理工大學(xué)出版社(第二版)，2010．

［7］胡 謹(jǐn)，曾 蕾．國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流英語(yǔ)演講稿語(yǔ)篇模式分析［J］．外語(yǔ)教學(xué)，2007，28(3):20－23．

Research on Communication Art of International Sports Conference

SONG Liying
(Department of Sports Humanities and Sociology，Jilin Institute of Physical Education，Changchun 130022，Jilin，China)

In order to strengthen international sports communication to enhance sports friendship and to play an active role without the language barrier，without borders in promoting world peace，understanding and learning how to use prologue，outline，closing remarks and question＆answer(Q＆A)in English are essential to a successful academic speech at an international academic conference．This paper，therefore，based on the theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistics，lists and analizes different expressions about that，which is highly practical to some ralated people in spors．

international academic conference;discourse analysis;prologue;outline;closing remarks;question＆answer

G811.7

A

1004－0560(2012)01－0062－05

2012-01-10;

2012-02-06

宋力英(1962－)，女，副教授，碩士，主要研究方向?yàn)轶w育英語(yǔ)教學(xué)。

責(zé)任編輯:喬艷春

?體育人文社會(huì)學(xué)