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重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激治療腦梗死失語(yǔ)及其對(duì)腦血流的影響

2012-01-06 00:48:00陳芳王曉明詹成楊玲王寅旭孫祥榮趙曉瓊黃慧胡建秀
關(guān)鍵詞:運(yùn)動(dòng)性半球經(jīng)顱

陳芳,王曉明,詹成,楊玲,王寅旭,孫祥榮,趙曉瓊,黃慧,胡建秀

(1.攀枝花市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,四川 攀枝花 617000;2.川北醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)疾病研究所,四川 南充 637000)

重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激治療腦梗死失語(yǔ)及其對(duì)腦血流的影響

陳芳1,王曉明2△,詹成1,楊玲1,王寅旭2,孫祥榮2,趙曉瓊2,黃慧2,胡建秀2

(1.攀枝花市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,四川 攀枝花 617000;2.川北醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)疾病研究所,四川 南充 637000)

目的:探討重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)對(duì)急性期腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)的治療作用、安全性及其對(duì)腦血流的影響。方法:選取左半球腦梗死后運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)右利手的患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組(n=12),對(duì)照組予常規(guī)藥物和語(yǔ)言康復(fù)治療;治療組在對(duì)照組治療基礎(chǔ)上予低頻rTMS治療,rTMS治療方法:頻率1 Hz、強(qiáng)度為運(yùn)動(dòng)閾值(movement threshold,MT)的80%、部位為右側(cè)大腦半球語(yǔ)言運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)、每序列50次脈沖、每天10個(gè)序列、序列間隔120 s,共10 d。治療組和對(duì)照組在治療前、療程后2周、療程后2個(gè)和療程后6個(gè)月均行漢語(yǔ)失語(yǔ)檢查表(aphasia battery in chinese,ABC)評(píng)價(jià)其語(yǔ)言功能;同時(shí)兩組在治療前、療程后2周行單光子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)檢測(cè)腦血流改變。結(jié)果:治療前兩組ABC評(píng)分值比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),療程后2周、療程后2個(gè)月、療程后6個(gè)月治療組其值均高于對(duì)照組和治療前(均P<0.05);兩組治療前和療程后2周左額下回缺血灶明顯大于對(duì)側(cè)鏡像區(qū);療程后2周治療組左額下回缺血灶明顯小于治療前和對(duì)照組,其攝取值高于對(duì)照組(均P<0.05)。結(jié)論:1 Hz、rTMS對(duì)急性腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)患者有一定的康復(fù)作用且安全;可能與通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)隔效應(yīng)增加了語(yǔ)言區(qū)局部血流量及改善腦代謝,抑制右側(cè)半球相應(yīng)區(qū)域的興奮性等有關(guān)。

重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激;腦梗死;失語(yǔ);腦血流

腦梗死是神經(jīng)科常見(jiàn)、多發(fā)、高致殘性的疾病,2009年世界衛(wèi)生組織MONICA調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示中國(guó)腦卒中患者致殘率達(dá)70%,約1/3的患者表現(xiàn)為不同程度的失語(yǔ)[1]。重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)是近年開(kāi)展起來(lái)的一種較新的神經(jīng)調(diào)控技術(shù),具有無(wú)痛、無(wú)創(chuàng)、安全性高、易于操作以及相對(duì)廉價(jià)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已被廣泛應(yīng)用于神經(jīng)、精神領(lǐng)域,并初步顯示了良好的應(yīng)用前景。研究表明rTMS在失語(yǔ)康復(fù)方面顯示了巨大的潛力[2-3]。本研究選取2009年11月至2011年1月在川北醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院住院的急性腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)患者,觀察低頻重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)對(duì)失語(yǔ)的康復(fù)作用、安全性及相關(guān)機(jī)制。

1 資料與方法

1.1 病例選擇

急性腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)患者24例,其臨床診斷符合1995年中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)第四屆全國(guó)腦血管疾病會(huì)議制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并經(jīng)頭顱MRI證實(shí)為左半球腦梗死、單側(cè)病灶、且兩組患者腦梗死容積無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05);均為首次發(fā)病、單純運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)、右利手、發(fā)病前語(yǔ)言功能無(wú)異常、病程小于7 d;家屬及患者簽署知情同意書(shū)。治療組(12例)與對(duì)照組(12例)年齡等一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。有出血傾向或顱內(nèi)出血及意識(shí)障礙、既往有精神障礙及明顯記憶和智能障礙、合并有癲癇等嚴(yán)重疾病、體內(nèi)有金屬異物及植入電子裝置等患者除外。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器

采用Medtronic公司Magpro R30型磁刺激儀、MCF-75型圓形線圈給予刺激。腦血流灌注顯像采用Elscint公司SPX-26型SPECT儀。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.3.1 治療方法對(duì)照組僅行常規(guī)藥物及語(yǔ)言康復(fù)治療;治療組予常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上同時(shí)行rTMS治療。rTMS治療參數(shù):頻率1Hz、強(qiáng)度為健側(cè)肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)閾值(movement threshold,MT)的80%、50次脈沖/序列、10序列/d、序列間隔120 s,刺激部位為右側(cè)半球Broca's區(qū),連續(xù)治療10 d。

1.3.2 評(píng)價(jià)方法①語(yǔ)言功能評(píng)定:兩組患者在治療前、療程后2周、療程后2個(gè)月和療程后6個(gè)月接受漢語(yǔ)失語(yǔ)檢查表(aphasia battery in Chinese,ABC)評(píng)分。②腦血流灌注顯像:兩組中分別隨機(jī)選取8例患者在治療前及療程后2周均行單光子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)檢測(cè)腦血流改變。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料檢測(cè)指標(biāo)以±s)表示,攝取比值,組內(nèi)兩兩對(duì)比應(yīng)用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);組間兩兩比較應(yīng)用成組t檢驗(yàn);兩組ABC評(píng)分值同時(shí)比較采用兩因素重復(fù)測(cè)量資料的方差分析,各組這些值在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)單獨(dú)比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 治療組與對(duì)照組患者ABC評(píng)分值變化

組間比較:治療前,兩組ABC評(píng)分值比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);療程后2周、療程后2個(gè)月和6個(gè)月,治療組ABC評(píng)分值均明顯高于對(duì)照組(均P<0.05)。組內(nèi)比較:治療組療程后2周、療程后2個(gè)月和療程后6個(gè)月分別與治療前相比,其ABC評(píng)分值明顯升高(均P<0.05)(表1)。

2.2 治療組與對(duì)照組SPECT腦血流變化

治療組與對(duì)照組治療前攝取值比值分別為1.25±0.08、1.43±0.11,兩組比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);療程后2周治療組攝取比值為1.83±0.23、較對(duì)照組攝取比值1.43±0.18明顯增高(P<0.05)。從圖1及圖2可見(jiàn):治療組與對(duì)照組治療前和療程后2周左額下回缺血灶明顯大于對(duì)側(cè)鏡像區(qū);療程后2周,治療組左額下回缺血灶明顯小于治療前。比較圖1和圖2可見(jiàn)治療組療程后2周其左額下回缺血灶明顯小于對(duì)照組。

表1 治療組與對(duì)照組ABC評(píng)分不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較±s)(n=12)

表1 治療組與對(duì)照組ABC評(píng)分不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較±s)(n=12)

*:P<0.05,與對(duì)照組比較;#:P<0.05,△:P<0.01,與rTMS治療前比較。

治療組38.40±15.4245.87±15.08*#63.56±10.86*#74.51±8.23*△對(duì)照組37.35±14.7837.89±14.7247.55±13.82#54.97±10.06△

2.3 不良反應(yīng)

患者行rTMS刺激期間及刺激后無(wú)頭痛、耳鳴、意識(shí)障礙、精神行為異常、癲癇發(fā)作等,無(wú)再中風(fēng)。

3 討論

失語(yǔ)系腦損害所致的語(yǔ)言障礙綜合癥,凡是腦損害的疾病均可出現(xiàn)失語(yǔ)??谡Z(yǔ)表達(dá)位于左側(cè)大腦半球額下回后部即Broca區(qū),為運(yùn)動(dòng)性語(yǔ)言中樞,如果該區(qū)域受到損傷引起B(yǎng)roca失語(yǔ)即運(yùn)動(dòng)失語(yǔ)。失語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生不但與語(yǔ)言功能區(qū)直接破壞有關(guān),同時(shí)還與其聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維受損即遠(yuǎn)隔效應(yīng)相關(guān),從而可導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)神經(jīng)元興奮性降低,表現(xiàn)為局部血流量降低或低代謝[4]。失語(yǔ)的治療手段包括藥物、語(yǔ)言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助治療及針灸治療等,但存在療效難以肯定、費(fèi)用昂貴、患者依從性差等問(wèn)題。

rTMS可以影響刺激局部和功能相關(guān)的遠(yuǎn)隔部位的功能[5]。研究表明低頻rTMS對(duì)大腦皮層有抑制作用。本研究對(duì)腦梗死失語(yǔ)患者非優(yōu)勢(shì)半球語(yǔ)言運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)行低頻rTMS治療,結(jié)果顯示其ABC評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),刺激期間及刺激后患者無(wú)特殊不適;提示rTMS對(duì)腦梗死后失語(yǔ)有一定治療作用且安全。

腦梗死失語(yǔ)患者左側(cè)半球損傷后,兩側(cè)大腦半球皮質(zhì)處于平衡狀態(tài)的經(jīng)胼胝體抑制(transcallosal inhibition,TCI)受到破壞,右側(cè)半球語(yǔ)言區(qū)興奮性相對(duì)增加而不利于語(yǔ)言恢復(fù)[6]。本研究予腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)患者非優(yōu)勢(shì)半球語(yǔ)言運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)低頻rTMS治療,ABC評(píng)分結(jié)果提示對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)有一定的康復(fù)作用;對(duì)照組ABC評(píng)分值不如同期low-rTMS組增高明顯,提示腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)性失語(yǔ)患者在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上同時(shí)予低頻rTMS對(duì)其語(yǔ)言功能恢復(fù)更有利;本研究結(jié)果與Winhuisen及Cherney報(bào)道相近[7-8]。

rTMS對(duì)局部腦血流有調(diào)節(jié)的作用[9]。有研究表明中風(fēng)后等病理狀態(tài)下低頻rTMS使刺激同側(cè)腦血流減少,隨后對(duì)側(cè)腦血流代償增加[10]。SPECT是計(jì)算機(jī)斷層與核醫(yī)學(xué)示蹤原理相結(jié)合的核素腦功能斷層顯像技術(shù),其通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)所得到腦部放射性核素信息的多少判斷腦部血管供血功能的變化。SPECT成像是一種具有較高特異性的功能顯像和分子顯像,特別是能較敏感地觀察局部腦血流量是常規(guī)影像技術(shù)不能比擬的。本研究結(jié)果顯示治療前,腦梗死失語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言局部區(qū)呈明顯的低灌注,低頻rTMS刺激健側(cè)通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)隔效應(yīng)增加了患側(cè)的語(yǔ)言局部區(qū)的腦血流量,通過(guò)改變局部腦血流來(lái)改善語(yǔ)言功能,與有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)果相似[2,10-11]。

綜上所述,低頻rTMS對(duì)腦梗死運(yùn)動(dòng)失語(yǔ)患者語(yǔ)言功能有一定康復(fù)作用且安全。其機(jī)制可能與通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)隔效應(yīng)增加了語(yǔ)言區(qū)局部血流量及改善腦代謝,抑制右側(cè)半球相應(yīng)區(qū)域的興奮性等有關(guān),值得進(jìn)一步研究。

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[2]Martin PI,Naeser MA,Theoret H,et al.Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia[J].Semin Speech Lang,2004,25(2):181-191

[3]Naeser MA,Martin PI,Nicholas M,et al.Improved naming after TMS treatments in a chronic,global aphasia patient case report[J].Neurocase,2005,11(3):182-193

[4]張玉梅,王擁軍,張寧.失語(yǔ)癥的發(fā)病及恢復(fù)機(jī)制[J].中國(guó)臨床康復(fù),2005,9(1):144-145

[5]Michael N,Gosling M,Reutemann M,et al.Metabolic changes after repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)of the left prefrontal cortex:a sham-controlled proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H MRS)study of healthy[J].Brain.Eur J Neuro Sci,2003,17(11):2462-2468

[6]Baron C,Hatfied B,Georgeadis A.Mansgement of communication disorders using family member input,group treatment,and telerehabilitation[J].Top Stroke Rehabil,2005,12(2):49-56

[7]Winhuisen L,Thiel A,Schumacher B,et al.Role of the contralateral inferior frontal gyms in recovery of language function in poststroke aphasia:a combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and positron emission tomography study[J].Stroke,2005,36(8):1759-1763

[8]Cherney LR,Patterson JP,Raymer A,et al.Evidence-based systematic review:effects of intensity of treatment and constraint-induced language therapy for individuals with stroke-induced aphasia[J].Speech Lang Hear Res,2008,51(5):1282-1299

[9]Rollnik JD,Dusterhoft A,Dauper J,et al.Decrease of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity after low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex[J].Clin Neurophysiol,2002,113:951-955

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Therapeutical effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cerebral infarction aphasia and its effect on cerebral blood flow

CHEN Fang1,WANG Xiao-ming2△,ZHAN Cheng1,YANG Ling1,WANG Yin-xu2,SUN Xiang-rong2,ZHAO Xiaoqiong2,HUANG Hui2,HU Jiang-xiou2
(1.Department of Neurology,Panzhihua Central Hospital,Panzhihua 617000,Sichuan,China;2.Institute of Neurological Diseases,North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

Objective:To explore low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(low-rTMS)motor aphasia treatment of acute cerebral infarction,security and the cerebral blood flow.Methods:Twenty-four right-h(huán)anded patients suffering from Broca's aphasia(diagnosed by ABC aphasia checklist assessment)after cerebral infarction(left hemisphere)were randomly divided into the control group(n=12)and treatment group(n=12).The control group accepted conventional drugs and language rehabilitation treatment,while the treatment group(n=12)was given low-rTMS treatment after drugs and language rehabilitation treatment.Low-rTMS.The test group was given a treatment of 1 Hz frequency and 80%intensity of motor threshold to stimulate the right hemisphere Broca area.with 50 pulses per sequence,10 sequences per day.The serial interval was 120 seconds,and a total treatment period of 10 days.The ABC aphasia checklist assessment was administered and analysis for groups before the treatment,two weeks after the treatment,two months after the treatment,and six months after the treatment.Eight patients were randomly selected from both groups before treatment and two weeks after treatment to detect cerebral blood flow change by SPECT.ResultsThe ABC score result showed both group's ABC score had no significant difference(P>0.05)before treatment.The low-frequency magnetic stimulation group's(two weeks,twomonths,and six months after treatment)ABC score were higher than the control group(P<0.05).The SPECT result showed that each group's left inferior frontal lobe ischemia area was bigger than the mirror area significantly before treatment and two weeks after the treatment;At two weeks after treatment,the treatment group magnetic stimulation groups'left frontal frontal lobe ischemia area was less than before treatment and the control group obviously,its perturbation values were higher than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:rTMS(1 Hz)has certain rehabilitation effect and is safe for acute cerebral infarction aphasia patients.Language function improvement might be related to low-rTMS stimulation the contralateral language area to increase local blood flow of language area and cerebral metabolism through the remote effect,which might also be related to inhibite the right hemisphere excitability.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation;Cerebral infarction;Aphasia;Cerebral blood flow

1005-3697(2012)04-0323-04

R743.3

A

10.3969/j.issn.1005-3697.2012.04.005

四川省科技廳科研項(xiàng)目(2008SZ0243)

2012-05-17

陳芳(1982-),女,四川廣安人,碩士研究生,主要從事腦血管病及臨床神經(jīng)電生理研究。

△通訊作者:王曉明,E-mail:wangxm238@163.com網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2012-7-80∶29

http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1254.R.20120708.0029.201204.323_005.html

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