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團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮的化學(xué)成分研究

2011-11-24 07:00:18徐曉俞李尚真宋啟示
關(guān)鍵詞:團(tuán)花分子式樹(shù)皮

徐曉俞,李尚真,宋啟示*

1中國(guó)科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園熱帶植物資源開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明650223;2中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院,北京100049

團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮的化學(xué)成分研究

徐曉俞1,2,李尚真1,宋啟示1*

1中國(guó)科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園熱帶植物資源開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明650223;2中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院,北京100049

采用硅膠、MCI和Sephadex LH-20層析方法對(duì)團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分離純化,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代波譜技術(shù)鑒定了10個(gè)化合物:4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate(1),谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕櫚?;?-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),喹諾酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3),clethric acid(4),常春藤苷元(5),鉤藤苷元C (6),morolic acid(7),咖啡酸甲酯(8),卡丹賓(9)和3α-二氫卡丹賓(10)。其中化合物1為一個(gè)新的酚性成分,化合物2~8首次從該屬植物中分離得到。

樹(shù)皮;化學(xué)成分;4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate

團(tuán)花(Anthocephalus chinensis(Lam.)Rich.ex Walp.)別名黃梁木,為茜草科團(tuán)花屬植物。團(tuán)花是常綠或落葉大喬木,是一種速生樹(shù)種,生長(zhǎng)非常迅速,10年左右即可成胸徑40~50 cm的大徑級(jí)木材,在1972年第七屆世界林業(yè)會(huì)上,被稱為“奇跡樹(shù)”[1]。團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮在印度古醫(yī)“阿優(yōu)吠陀(Ayurvedo)”經(jīng)中用于治療蛇咬傷、解熱退燒、發(fā)燒、貧血、霍亂等多種疾?。?]。經(jīng)現(xiàn)代印度植物學(xué)家整理和研究,印度的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥及民間藥中團(tuán)花屬植物可用于醫(yī)學(xué)美容和治療損容性皮膚?。?]?,F(xiàn)在,隨著對(duì)團(tuán)花研究的不斷深入,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者報(bào)道了團(tuán)花很多方面的生物活性,如抗氧化,降血糖和降血脂等多種活性[4]。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)團(tuán)花的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了大量研究,從團(tuán)花的樹(shù)皮、枝葉、根、種子等部分分離到50多種化合物,主要為三萜及其皂苷類、環(huán)烯醚萜類及生物堿類等成分[2,5-14]。

本文對(duì)團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了研究,分離鑒定了10種化合物,其中5種為三萜類成分,2種為生物堿類成分。分別為:4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate (1),谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕櫚酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),喹諾酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3),clethric acid (4),常春藤苷元(5),鉤藤苷元C(6),morolic acid (7),咖啡酸甲酯(8),卡丹賓(9)和3α-二氫卡丹賓(10)。其中化合物1為一個(gè)新的酚性成分,化合物2~8首次從該屬植物中分離得到。

1 儀器與材料

熔點(diǎn)在XTRC-1顯微熔點(diǎn)儀上測(cè)定;核磁共振譜用Bruker AV-400、DRX-500及AvanceⅢ-600超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀測(cè)定,內(nèi)標(biāo)為T(mén)MS;EI-MS用Waters AutoSpec Premier P776雙聚焦三扇型磁質(zhì)譜儀測(cè)定,ESI-MS用API QSTAR Pulsar液相四極桿飛行時(shí)間質(zhì)譜儀測(cè)定。柱層析硅膠(200~300目)、薄層層析硅膠板(50 mm×100 mm)均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);反相柱色譜填料使用MCI;凝膠材料使用Sephadex LH-20。

團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮,2006年7月采集于西雙版納熱帶植物園,由中國(guó)科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園宋啟示研究員鑒定為茜草科植物團(tuán)花Anthocephalus chinensis L.的干燥樹(shù)皮,憑證標(biāo)本存放于中國(guó)科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園。

2 提取與分離

將團(tuán)花樹(shù)皮曬干,稱重得250 kg,粉碎。用90%甲醇浸提,方法如下:加熱回流提取3次,每次12 h,將所得提取液合并、過(guò)濾、減壓蒸干,得甲醇浸膏共30 kg,本實(shí)驗(yàn)取用10 kg。將甲醇浸膏用水?dāng)嚢杈鶆蚝笠来斡檬兔?、氯仿、正丁醇萃取,每種溶劑各萃取4次,分別得到石油醚部分130 g,氯仿部分334 g,正丁醇部分3143 g。將氯仿部分經(jīng)硅膠柱(200~300目,3kg)層析,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,9∶1;8∶2;7∶3;6∶4;5∶5)梯度洗脫得到五個(gè)組份(Fr.1~Fr.5)。Fr.1再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,98∶2)梯度洗脫得到Fr.1.1,F(xiàn)r.1.1再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)純化,得到化合物7(138.8 mg),8(118.4 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,95∶5)梯度洗脫得到Fr.1.2,F(xiàn)r.1.2再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇=1∶1)純化,得到化合物4(608.6 mg),5(1710.3 mg),6(329.8 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/ v,92∶8)洗脫得到Fr.1.3,F(xiàn)r.1.3再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇= 1∶1)純化,得到化合物2(142.1 mg),3(403.1 mg)。Fr.2再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,85∶15)梯度洗脫得到Fr.2.1,F(xiàn)r.2.1再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)純化,得到化合物1(89.9 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,80∶20)洗脫得到Fr.2.2,F(xiàn)r.2.2再上硅膠柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫,經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)純化,得到化合物9(740.7 mg),10(142.1 mg)。

3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1 無(wú)色針狀晶體(甲醇),ESI-MS:m/z 331[M-H]-,HRESI-MS:m/z 331.0814[M-H]-(C17H15O7,calc.331.0817)。計(jì)算其不飽和度為10。

表1 化合物1的1H和13C NMR數(shù)據(jù)(CD3OD,400 MHz)Table 1 1H and13C NMR data of 1 in CD3OD(400 MHz)

1H NMR低場(chǎng)區(qū)4個(gè)信號(hào)δH6.30、6.35、6.44和6.50,以及13C NMR低場(chǎng)區(qū)的14個(gè)信號(hào)δC97.8、108.3、110.2、114.9、116.0、116.7、139.9、144.4、154.3、160.5、161.6、164.6、168.3和175.9,提示分子中可能含有苯環(huán)(見(jiàn)表1)。根據(jù)HSQC譜,1H NMR譜中的δH3.81(3H,s)、2.32(3H,s)和2.61 (3H,s)分別對(duì)應(yīng)于13C NMR譜中的δC56.4(q)、20.0(q)和23.6(q),為1個(gè)甲氧基和2個(gè)甲基信號(hào)。結(jié)合DEPT譜,13C NMR譜中的δC168.3(s),175.9(s)為兩個(gè)羧基碳信號(hào),其中δC168.3(s)的羧基被酯化;δC154.3、160.5、161.6和164.6為4個(gè)與含氧基團(tuán)相連的季碳;分子中還有4個(gè)季碳信號(hào)δC139.9、144.4、114.9和116.7。根據(jù)DEPT、1H和13C NMR譜數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合分子不飽和度,可知化合物1應(yīng)含有兩個(gè)四取代的苯環(huán)。HMBC譜中顯示δH2.32與δC139.9(s)、110.2(d)相關(guān),δH2.61與δC116.0(d)、116.7(s)和144.4(s)相關(guān),推斷兩個(gè)甲基分別連接在δC139.9(s)和144.4(s)上;δH3.81與δC160.5(s)的相關(guān),提示甲氧基連在δC160.5(s)上;δH6.30和6.35分別與δC114.9(s)和168.3(s)相關(guān),提示該羰基連接在δC114.9(s)上,而另一羰基δC175.9(s)則連接在δC116.7(s)上。綜上所述,推斷出化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示,命名為 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate。

圖1 化合物1的主要HMBC相關(guān)Fig.1 Key HMBC correlations of 1

化合物2 白色粉末(甲醇),mp.151~154℃,分子式為 C51H90O7。EI-MS:m/z 414[M-CH3(CH2)14COOC6H10O4]+,396[M-CH3(CH2)14COOC6H11O5]+,256[C16H32O2]+,239[C15H31CO]+,185,129,73。碎片峰中的系列峰與棕櫚酸EI-MS圖譜一致,顯示含有棕櫚酸。1H NMR (C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.49(1H,br s,H-6),4.95 (1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-1'),4.48(1H,br s,H-6'a),4.02(1H,br s,H-6'b),3.85(1H,m,H-3),2.59 (1H,t,J=11.6 Hz,H-2''),1.24~1.27(br s,(CH2)n),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.98(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),0.86(12H,br s,(CH3)4),0.65(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:37.7(t,C-1),28.6(t,C-2),80.7(d,C-3),39.5(t,C-4),141.1(s,C-5),121.8(d,C-6),32.1(t,C-7),32.1(d,C-8),50.4(d,C-9),36.9(s,C-10),21.4(t,C-11),39.5 (t,C-12),42.5(s,C-13),56.9(d,C-14),24.6(t,C-15),29.6(t,C-16),56.4(d,C-17),12.0(q,C-18),19.5(q,C-19),36.5(d,C-20),19.1(q,C-21),34.5 (t,C-22),26.4(t,C-23),46.1(d,C-24),29.6(d,C-25),20.0(q,C-26),19.5(q,C-27),23.4(t,C-28),12.2(q,C-29),173.6(s,C-1''),34.5(t,C-2''),25.4(t,C-3''),29.5~30.1(t,C-4''~C-13''),32.2 (t,C-14''),23.0(t,C-15''),14.3(q,C-16''),3-OGlu:100.8(d,C-1'),78.0(d,C-2'),79.8(d,C-3'),71.6(d,C-4'),74.8(d,C-5'),64.6(t,C-6')。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)鑒定化合物2為谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕櫚?;?-β-D-葡萄糖苷[15]。

化合物3 白色粉末(甲醇),mp.260~263℃,分子式為C36H56O9。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ: 5.61(1H,br s,H-12),4.71(1H,br s,H-1'),3.81 (1H,m,H-2'),3.72(1H,m,H-4'),3.69(1H,m,H-3'),3.64(1H,m,H-5'),3.05(1H,dd,J=11.3,4.5 Hz,H-3),2.24(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-18),1.23(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-6'),0.97(3H,s),0.91(3H,d,J= 6.0 Hz,H-29),0.91(3H,s),0.90(3H,s),0.89 (3H,s),0.78(3H,d,J=5.8 Hz,H-30);13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:39.8(t,C-1),26.6(t,C-2),90.3(d,C-3),37.8(s,C-4),56.6(d,C-5),19.4(t,C-6),37.9(t,C-7),39.9(s,C-8),48.0(d,C-9),39.9(s,C-10),23.8(t,C-11),130.4(d,C-12),133.8(s,C-13),57.2(s,C-14),26.4(t,C-15),25.7 (t,C-16),48.5(s,C-17),55.5(d,C-18),38.3(d,C-19),40.3(d,C-20),31.2(t,C-21),37.6(t,C-22),28.7(q,C-23),18.1(q,C-24),16.9(q,C-25),19.1(q,C-26),179.0(s,C-27),181.5(s,C-28),17.8(q,C-29),21.5(q,C-30),3-O-Rha:104.3(d,C-1'),72.5(d,C-2'),72.4(d,C-3'),74.1(d,C-4'),69.9(d,C-5'),17.0(q,C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[16]一致,故化合物3鑒定為喹諾酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷。

化合物4 無(wú)色針狀結(jié)晶(甲醇),mp.284~287℃,分子式為C30H48O6。1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.60(1H,m,H-12),4.38(1H,m,H-3),4.86(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-23a),4.64(1H,d,J= 11.28 Hz,H-24),4.23(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-23b),3.96(1H,d,J=11.28 Hz,H-24),3.04(1H,s,H-18),1.77(3H,s,H-26),1.42(3H,s,H-27),1.10 (3H,s,H-25),1.09(3H,s,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-30);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:38.9(t,C-1),28.2(t,C-2),74.4(d,C-3),47.0(s,C-4),48.0(d,C-5),19.4(t,C-6),33.7(t,C-7),40.4(s,C-8),48.3(d,C-9),37.0(s,C-10),24.3(t,C-11),128.0 (d,C-12),140.0(s,C-13),42.1(s,C-14),29.3(t,C-15),26.4(t,C-16),48.6(s,C-17),54.6(d,C-18),72.7(d,C-19),42.4(d,C-20),27.0(t,C-21),38.5(t,C-22),63.5(t,C-23),63.3(t,C-24),16.0 (q,C-25),17.1(q,C-26),24.7(q,C-27),180.7(s,C-28),27.1(q,C-29),16.8(q,C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[17]基本一致,故化合物4鑒定為clethric acid。

化合物5 無(wú)色針狀晶體(甲醇),mp.332~334℃,分子式為 C30H48O4。1H NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:5.48(1H,br s,H-12),4.22(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-3),4.19(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23a),3.71 (1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23b),3.29(1H,dd,J= 13.8,3.9 Hz,H-5),1.22(3H,s,H-24),1.04(3H,s,H-25),1.03(3H,s,H-26),0.99(3H,s,H-27),0.96 (3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-30);13C NMR (C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:38.8(t,C-1),27.7(t,C-2),73.5(d,C-3),42.9(s,C-4),48.7(d,C-5),18.6(t,C-6),33.0(t,C-7),39.8(s,C-8),48.2(d,C-9),37.3(s,C-10),23.9(t,C-11),122.6(d,C-12),144.9(s,C-13),42.2(s,C-14),28.4(t,C-15),23.7 (t,C-16),46.7(s,C-17),42.0(d,C-18),46.5(t,C-19),31.0(s,C-20),34.2(t,C-21),33.2(t,C-22),68.0(t,C-23),13.2(q,C-24),16.0(q,C-25),17.5 (q,C-26),26.2(q,C-27),180.2(s,C-28),33.3(q,C-29),23.8(q,C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[18]一致,故化合物5鑒定為常春藤苷元。

化合物6 白色顆粒晶體(氯仿-甲醇),mp.315~316℃,分子式為C30H50O5。1H NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:5.58(1H,br s,H-12),5.05(1H,br s,H-6),4.39(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23a),4.27(1H,dd,J=11.5,4.1 Hz,H-3),4.03(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23b),3.59(1H,br s,H-5),3.33(1H,dd,J=13.9,4.1 Hz,H-18),1.71(3H,s,H-24),1.66(3H,s,H-25),1.62(3H,s,H-26),1.25(3H,s,H-27),0.99 (3H,s,H-30),0.92(3H,s,H-29);13C NMR (C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:41.1(t,C-1),28.1(t,C-2),73.3(d,C-3),44.1(s,C-4),49.3(d,C-5),67.6(t,C-6),41.1(t,C-7),39.2(s,C-8),48.8(d,C-9),37.0(s,C-10),23.8(t,C-11),123.0(d,C-12),144.3(s,C-13),42.7(s,C-14),28.4(t,C-15),24.0 (t,C-16),46.7(s,C-17),42.1(d,C-18),46.5(t,C-19),31.0(s,C-20),34.3(t,C-21),33.3(t,C-22),67.1(t,C-23),14.8(q,C-24),17.5(q,C-25),18.7 (q,C-26),26.3(q,C-27),180.3(s,C-28),33.3(q,C-29),23.8(q,C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[19]一致,故化合物6鑒定為鉤藤苷元C。

化合物7 白色針狀晶體(丙酮),mp.269~271℃,分子式為 C30H48O3。1H NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz)δ:5.32(1H,s,H-19),5.23(1H,br s,OH), 3.62(1H,br s,H-5),3.48(1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3),0.82~2.72(23H,m),1.23(3H,s),1.15 (3H,s),1.08(3H,s),1.05(3H,s),1.03(3H,s),0.96(3H,s),0.84(3H,s);13C NMR(C5D5N,150 MHz)δ:40.0(t,C-1),27.0(t,C-2),78.5(d,C-3),39.8(s,C-4),56.5(d,C-5),19.2(t,C-6),35.5(t,C-7),41.5(s,C-8),52.0(d,C-9),38.0(s,C-10),21.8(t,C-11),28.8(t,C-12),42.2(d,C-13),43.5 (s,C-14),30.5(t,C-15),34.8(t,C-16),49.1(s,C-17),139.5(s,C-18),132.5(d,C-19),32.9(s,C-20),34.7(t,C-21),34.6(t,C-22),29.1(q,C-23),16.9(q,C-24),16.8(q,C-25),17.4(q,C-26),15.9 (q,C-27),179.7(s,C-28),31.3(q,C-29),29.8(q,C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[20]一致,故化合物7鑒定為morolic acid。

化合物8 無(wú)色顆粒晶體(甲醇),mp.161~163℃,分子式為 C10H10O4。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.56(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),7.03(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2),6.93(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.8 Hz,H-6),6.78(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),6.28(1H,d,J =15.9 Hz,H-8),3.74(3H,s,OCH3);13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:127.6(s,C-1),114.8(d,C-2),146.8(s,C-3),149.6(s,C-4),115.1(d,C-5),122.9(d,C-6),146.9(d,C-7),116.5(d,C-8),169.8(s,C-9),52.0(q,OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]基本一致,故鑒定化合物8為咖啡酸甲酯。

化合物9 白色片狀結(jié)晶(甲醇),mp.215~217℃,分子式為C27H32N2O10。1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:7.69(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),7.64(1H,s,H-17),7.55(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-9),7.50(1H,dd,J=7.6,7.3 Hz,H-11),7.24(1H,dd,J=8.0,7.3 Hz,H-10),5.76(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-21),5.08~5.17(4H,m,H-1'~4'),4.43(1H,m,H-19),3.57 (3H,s,OCH3),2.09(2H,m,H-14),1.77(1H,m,H-20);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:134.2(s,C-2),91.6(s,C-3),52.5(t,C-5),22.3(t,C-6),110.4(s,C-7),126.5(s,C-8),119.4(d,C-9),119.4(d,C-10),122.4(d,C-11),112.2(d,C-12),137.9(s,C-13),25.9(d,C-15),110.7(s,C-16),152.9(d,C-17),59.0(t,C-18),73.4(d,C-19),97.8(d,C-21),167.1(s,C=O),51.1(q,OCH3),21-O-Glu:102.7 (d,C-1'),74.9(d,C-2'),78.5(d,C-3'),71.9(d,C-4'),78.5(d,C-5'),63.1(t,C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[22]一致,故鑒定化合物9為卡丹賓。

化合物10 無(wú)定形粉末(甲醇),mp.179~184℃,分子式為 C27H34N2O10。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.54(1H,s,H-17),7.38(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-9),7.30(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-12),7.05(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-11),6.98(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-10),5.54(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-21),4.80(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1'),4.35(1H,m,H-3),3.98(1H,d,J=12.5 Hz,H-19),3.83(1H,d,J=12.2 Hz,1.8 Hz,H-6'),3.79(3H,s,OCH3),3.65(1H,dd,J=12.3,7.0 Hz,H-6'),3.64(1H,br d,J=6.0 Hz,H-5a),3.40(1H,dd,J=8.9,8.9 Hz,H-3'),3.34(1H,ddd,J=8.0,8.0,2.2 Hz,H-5'),3.30(1H,dd,J=8.9,8.0 Hz,H-4'),3.29(1H,dd,J=9.0,7.8 Hz,H-2'),3.17(1H,m,H-18a),3.14(1H,m,H-18b),3.08(2H,m,H-5b,6a),2.76(1H,br s,H-6b),2.73(1H,br s,H-15),2.42(1H,br d,J=14.5 Hz,H-14a),2.05(1H,m,H-20),1.87(1H,m,H-14b);13C NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:138.2(s,C-2),64.8(s,C-3),56.2(t,C-5),22.7(t,C-6),108.4(s,C-7),128.0(s,C-8),118.8(d,C-9),120.1(d,C-10),122.5(d,C-11),112.3(d,C-12),138.2(s,C-13),36.3(t,C-14),34.0(d,C-15),111.0(s,C-16),153.7(d,C-17),59.5(t,C-18),66.2(d,C-19),44.2(d,C-20),97.8 (d,C-21),169.3(C=O),52.2(OCH3),21-O-Glu: 101.2(d,C-1'),74.5(d,C-2'),78.3(d,C-3'),71.0 (d,C-4'),77.9(d,C-5'),62.3(t,C-6')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[23]基本一致,故鑒定化合物10為3α-二氫卡丹賓。

致謝:所有光譜數(shù)據(jù)均由中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析測(cè)試中心測(cè)定。

1 Zhu GL(朱桂蘭).Fast-growing tree special:Anthocephalus chinensis.Forest Invent Plan(云南林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃),1993,(4):58-59.

2 Wei H(韋宏).Iridoids from the Bark of Anthocephalus chinensis(A.cadamba).Guangxi Sci(廣西科學(xué)),1999,6 (2):111-114.

3 Jin JN(金久寧),Wu JL(吳菊蘭),Xie X(謝秀),et al.Study of traditional medicinal drugs cosmetic herbs.Chin J Aesthetic Med(中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué)),2001,10(1):16-19.

4 Kumar V,Khanna AK,Khan MM,et al.Hypoglycemic,lipid lowering and antioxidant activities in root extract of Anthocephalus indicus in alloxan induced diabetic rats.Indian J Clin Biochem,2009,24:65-69.

5 Kitagawa I,Wei H,Nagao S,et al.Indonesian medicinal plants.14.Characterization of 3'-O-caffeoylsweroside,a new secoiridoid glucoside,and kelampayosides A and B,two new phenolic apioglucosides,from the bark of Anthocephalus chinensis(Rubiaceae).Chem Pharm Bull,1996,44:1162-1167.

6 Handa SS,Gupta SK,Vasisht K,et al.Quinoline alkaloids from Anthocephalus chinensis.Planta Med,1984,50:358.

7 Brown RT,F(xiàn)raser SB.Anthocephalus alkaloids-cadambine and 3alpha-dihydrocadambine.Tetrahedron Lett,1974,15: 1957-1959.

8 Brown RT,F(xiàn)raser SB,Banerji J.Anthocephalus alkaloidsisodihydrocadambine.Tetrahedron Lett,1974,15:3335-3338.

9 Brown RT,Chapple CL.Anthocephalus alkaloids-3beta-dihydrocadambine and 3beta-isodihydrocadambine.Tetrahedron Lett,1976,17:2723-2724.

10 Brown RT,Chapple CL.Anthocephalus alkaloids-cadamine and isocadamine.Tetrahedron Lett,1976,17:1629-1630.

11 Zhou H,He HP,Kong NC,et al.Indole alkaloids from the leaves of Anthocephalus chinensis.Helv Chim Acta,2008,91: 2148-2152.

12 Liu LL,Di YT,Zhang QA,et al.Aminocadambines A and B,two novel indole alkaloids from Neolamarckia cadamba.Tetrahedron Lett,2010,51:5670-5673.

13 Sahu NP,Koike K,Jia ZH.Structures of two novel isomeric triterpenoid saponins from Anthocephalus cadamba.Magn Reson Chem,1999,37:837-842.

14 Sahu NP,Koike K,Jia ZH,et al.Triterpene glycosides from the bark of Anthocephalus cadamba.J Chem Res-S,2000,1: 22-23.

15 Dong X(董學(xué)),Wang GR(王國(guó)榮),Yao QQ(姚慶強(qiáng)).Chemical constituentsofSparganium stoleniferum.Acta Pharm Sin(藥學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),2008,43:63-66.

16 Kang WY(康文藝);Shi YY(石淵淵);Hao XJ(郝小江).Quinovic acid triterpenoid saponins from bark of Mitragyna rotundifolia.China J Chin Mat Med(中國(guó)中藥雜志),2007,32:2015-2017.

17 Takahashi K,Takani M.Studies on constituents of medicinalplants.21.constituents of leaves of clethra-barbinervis sieb et zucc.2.and c-13 nuclear magnetic-resonance spectra of 19alpha-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid type of triterpenoids.Chem Pharm Bull,1978,26:2689-2693.

18 Zhang ZP(張中朋),Yang ZL(楊中林),Tang DF(唐登峰),et al.Isolation and structure identification of chemical constituents from Stachys Geobombycis.Chin Tradit Patent Med(中成藥),2004,26:1051-1053.

19 Yang CJ(楊成金),Zhang J(張峻),Wu DG(吳大剛).Triterpenoids from Uncaria rhynchophylla.Acta Bot Yunnan(云南植物研究),1995,17:209-214.

20 Zhang P,Hao J,Liu J,et al.Efficient synthesis of morolic acid and related triterpenes starting from betulin.Tetrahedron Lett,2009,65:4304-4309.

21 Zhao XH(趙曉宏),Chen DH(陳迪華),Si JY(斯建勇),et al.Studies on the phenolic acid constituents from chinese medicine“Sheng-Ma”,rhizome of Cimicifuga foetida L..Acta Pharm Sinica(藥學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),2002,37:535-538.

22 Handa SS,Borris RP,Cordell GA,et al.NMR spectral-analysis of cadambine from Anthocephalus-chinensis.J Nat Prod,1983,46:325-330.

23 Endo K,Oshima Y,Kikuchi H,et al.Validity of the oriental medicines.50.Hypotensive principles of Uncaria hooks.Planta Med,1983,49:188-190.

Chemical Constituents of the Bark of Anthocephalus chinensis

XU Xiao-yu1,2,LI Shang-zhen1,SONG Qi-shi1*1Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource Sciences,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the bark of Anthocephalus chinensis by column chromatography on silica gel,MCI and Sephadex LH-20,and their structures were elucidated as 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate(1),sitosterol-3-O-(6'-O-palmityl)-β-D-glucoside(2),quinovic acid-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),clethric acid(4),hederagenin(5),uncargenin C(6),morolic acid(7),caffeic acid methyl ester(8),cadambine(9),and 3α-dihydrocadambine(10)by modern spectroscopic methods.Compound 1 was a new phenolic compound,and compounds 2-8 were obtained from Anthocephalus plants for the first time.

Anthocephalus chinensis;bark;chemical constituent;4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate

1001-6880(2011)03-0393-06

2010-12-22 接受日期:2011-04-29

中國(guó)科學(xué)院知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程重要方向項(xiàng)目子課題(KSCX2-YW-R-132;KSCX2-EW-R-15),國(guó)家863項(xiàng)目子課題(2007AA021504)

*通訊作者 E-mail:songqs@xtbg.ac.cn

R284.2;Q946.91

A

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