吳茂清

每當我們說起英文單詞so的時候，在你的腦海中一定會出現(xiàn)“如此”、“因此”、“那么”等中文意思。的確是這樣，so可用作形容詞、副詞和連詞，作形容詞時，常常譯成“真的、不錯的”；作副詞時，可譯作“這樣地；像……一樣；（……也）正是那樣”；若作連詞，則可譯作“所以；那么”。

一、作形容詞，表示“真的”、“不錯的”,作表語。如:

I know very well that just isnt so.

我知道的很清楚,那確實不是真的。

1. so通常放在所修飾的形容詞、副詞之前。如果so修飾“a(an)＋形容詞＋名詞”時，正確的排列順序為“so＋形容詞+a（an）＋名詞”。如：

Ive never seen so interesting a novel.我從來沒有看過這么有趣的小說。

注意與such的區(qū)別：such常常修飾“a（an）+形容詞＋名詞”。其排列順序為“such +a（an）+形容詞＋名詞”。如：

Ive never seen such a beautiful flower .我從來沒見過這么美麗的一朵花。

但還要注意：a, an常常放在such之后；而 no, any, some, all, many等則常常放在such之前。如：

Weve never heard of any such story.

我們從來沒有聽說過這樣的故事。

2. 主語 + do + so

在此句型中，so和動詞do連用，可用來替代上文出現(xiàn)過的動賓和動狀結構，以避免重復。如：

—Have you hadyour breakfast? 你吃早飯了嗎？

—I did so just now.（did so = had my breakfast. ）（動賓結構）我剛剛吃過。

二、作副詞

1.意為“這么 、那么、非?！?。so常常用在形容詞或副詞前,作程度狀語。如果用于否定句,則是加強語氣。如:

Dont speak so loudly.別說得那么大聲。

2.意為“太、非?！?。用在形容詞或副詞前,作程度狀語,常用在口語中。如:

①The little girl is so excited.小女孩太激動了。

②Thank you so much!非常感謝你!

3.意為“這么、那么、這樣”,放在形容詞前,作程度狀語,常用于肯定句。如:

As you treat me, so I will treat you. 你那樣待我，我也那樣待你。

4.用在hope, think, tell, suppose, be afraid后面,來代替一個賓語從句，意為“這樣”。如:

①—Do you think well win the match? 你認為我們會贏這場比賽嗎?

—I hope so. 我希望如此。

②“Didnt you pass the exam?” “Im afraid so.”“難道你沒有通過考試?”“恐怕是的?！?/p>

另外，so還有一手糊弄人的“絕活”，就讓我們一起來看一下吧：

1. so＋系動詞（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）＋另一主語。

這種句型是主謂倒裝結構，表示前句所述肯定情況也適用于另一主語。其中so作“也這樣；也如此”解。值得注意的是，so后的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞須同前一句的謂語動詞保持一致。如：

—My sister has been to Hong Kong. 我姐姐去過香港。

—So have I.我也去過。

（即：I have been to Hong Kong too.）

又如：

—Annie and Kay often go to work by bike.安妮和凱經(jīng)常騎自行車去上班。

—So does my mother.我媽媽也一樣。

（即：My mother goes to work by bike, too.）

溫馨提示：

如果對于不同的人（物）就其前面提及的否定事實進行確認的話，我們常常用“neither+助動詞+主語”。此處的neither是副詞，常用來代替前面所提到的事。表示“甲不這樣，乙也不這樣” 。此時第二句要用倒裝結構。如：

You are not right, neither am I.你不對，我也不對。

Mike doesnt like the TV play, neither do his parents.邁克不喜歡這部電視劇，他的父母親也不喜歡。

2. so+主語+助動詞。表示乙完全贊同甲的意見，意為“的確如此，真是這樣”。在這里的主語是指前一個句子的主語，而后一句的謂語動詞要與前句的保持一致。這里的so則相當于certainly indeed。如：

—They have gone to Beijing.他們去北京了。

—So they have.的確如此。（即：They really have gone to Beijing.）

—He studies hard. 他學習很努力。

—So he does. 確實如此。

三、作連詞

1.意為“因此、所以”。連接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示結果。如:

We were tired, so we went home.我們累了,所以就回家了。

2.意為“使得”,引導一個結果狀語從句,相當于so that。如:

The teacher spoke loudly, so we all heard her clearly.老師說得很大,我們都聽清楚了。

3.表示“為了”、“以便”,引導一個目的狀語從句,相當于so that。例如:

My mother got up early so she could catch the first bus.為了能趕上第一班公共汽車,我媽早早地起床了。

四、與so相關的短語

1.so as to為了、以便 2.so long as只要 3.so far as就……而言

4.so far到目前為止 5.or so 大約 、左右 6.so that以便、為了

五、與so相關的考題寫真：

1. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday;______he had to stay at home. (2007南京)

A. because B. but C. or D. so

2. I was______happy on hearing the good news that I couldnt even fall asleep. (2007四川)

A. too B. so C. such D. much

3.—Jack? I didnt believe he could work it out.

—______, but he really got it right. (2007煙臺)

A. So I didnt B. Me too C. Neither did I D. So did I

4.—In recent years, more and more Americans like traveling during holidays.

—______(2007山東濟寧)

A. So do we Chinese B. So will we Chinese

C. So we Chinese do D. So we Chinese will

5. Andy worked hard______everything would be ready in time. (2007大連)

A. unless B. so that C. whenever D. even though

6.—Ann has made great progress recently.

—______and______. (2007湖北咸寧)

A. So has she, so have you B. So has she, so you have

C. So she has, so you have D. So she has, so have you

7.—How well Anna dances! I cant believe my eyes.

—______. (2007蘭州)

A. So she does B. So does she

C. Neither can she D. So can I

8. Last night I went to bed late,______I am really tired now.（2008長春）

A. so B. or C. but D. yet

9.—I cant do the work all by myself. What about you?

—______. Its impossible for anybody to finish the work all by himself or herself. (2008福建)

A. So can IB. Neither can I C. As well as I

10.—Do you think it will rain tomorrow?

—______. Because farmers need rain very much.(2008黑龍江)

A. I think so B. I hope so C. Im afraid so

11.—Jim wants to take part in the torch relay(火炬接力) of the 2008 Olym-

pic Games.

—______.(2008湖北黃岡)

A. So I doB. So do IC. Neither do I D. Nor do I

12.—Do you think well need a coffee pot?

—I dont drink coffee, and______. Its not necessary. Why not a tea service? (2008山東)

A. so do you B. neither you do

C. so you do D. neither do you

KEYS：1- 6 D B C A B D7-12 A A B B B D