車應森

形容詞化的分詞已成為近年來高考考查的重要語言知識之一。例如:

(2005江蘇卷7) Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

(2006四川卷33) Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

(2007山東卷26) Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.

(2005湖南卷22) Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

(2006全國卷I 32) Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

(2007湖南卷34)“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.

縱觀以上考題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，形容詞化的分詞主要集中在過去分詞，從分詞作狀語、表語、定語及補語的角度來設題。在通常情況下，過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間在語態(tài)上已不再體現(xiàn)被動含義，而在句中表示主語存在的某種狀態(tài)，說明人稱主語或事物是什么樣或看上去是什么樣子, 常見的形容詞化的分詞有：

located(位于), dressed(表示衣著情況), lost(消失、陷入、迷路等), faced with(面對), seated(坐著的), born(出生的), pleased(高興的), delighted(快樂的), tired(疲勞、厭煩的), confused(迷惑的), amazed(驚奇的), excited(激動的), devoted(熱愛、忠實的、專心致志于、獻身于), interested(感興趣的), bored(煩惱的), annoyed(厭煩的), upset(心煩意亂的), impressed(銘記在心的、感人的), satisfied(滿意的), worried(擔心的), surprised(驚訝的), embarrassed(尷尬的、難為情的), amused(高興、開心的), depressed(抑郁的), astonished(驚異的、吃驚的), frightened(驚嚇、害怕的), relaxed(放松的)等。例如：

Please be seated, gentlemen!

Shelly, astonished, urged her to explain.

New arts have been born in the course of the history of man.

His thin face had a worried look.

He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.

I grew excited, red-eared and a little frightened.

We are all very pleased about Johns success in his scholarship examination.

She felt confused, even frightened.

He looked tired, and I did not like to disturb him.

【鞏固提高】

1. He found Irene ____at the piano with her hands arrested on the keys.

A. having seatedB. seated

C. being seatedD. seating

2. They went to the ball,____ as pirates.

A. dressedB. to dress

C. dressingD. having dressed

3.____ in deep thought, the man stared blankly.

A. LosingB. Being lost

C. To being losingD. Lost

4. When____ with a strong enemy they had always retreated（撤退）.

A. faceB. facing

C. facedD. to face

5. Shy and____, the boy thrust the flowers at his girl friend.

A. embarrassingB. embarrassed

C. being embarrassedD. to embarrass

6.____ on Main Street, the market was busy yesterday.

A. LocatedB. Locating

C. Being locatedD. To be located

7. He was____ that the date of the conference had been fixed.

A. to delightB. to be delighted

C. delightingD. delighted

8.____ by the bullets flying at them from all sides, the enemy withdrew into the wood.

A. Having confusedB. Confused

C. Being confusedD. Confusing

9. He arrived at Shelley Hot Springs,____and dusty on Sunday night.

A. being tiredB. tired

C. tiringD. to be tiring

【答案與解析】

1. B。過去分詞在句中作賓語補足語，表示賓語Irene所處的狀態(tài)，即他發(fā)現(xiàn)Irene坐在鋼琴旁，手搭在鍵盤上。

2. A。過去分詞短語作狀語，表示他們裝扮成海盜去參加舞會。

3. D。過去分詞短語作狀語，表明他茫然地凝視著，陷入了沉思。

4. C。過去分詞短語作狀語，說明他們面對強敵時總是退卻。

5. B。帶著幾分羞澀和難為情，他將花推向女朋友。

6. A。過去分詞短語作狀語，說明市場所處的地理位置。

7. D。過去分詞作表語，表明主語的心理狀態(tài)，即：他很高興，因為開會的日期已確定下來。

8. B。過去分詞短語作狀語，句意為：面對從四面八方飛來的子彈時，他們迷惑地撤進了林子。

9. B。過去分詞短語作狀語，表明他在星期天夜間到達Shelley溫泉時的樣子：不僅疲憊而且滿身灰塵。