俞江濤

考綱指出完成句子題“測試的重點為英語語言知識的綜合運用”，故此題重在考查詞匯在語法中的應(yīng)用。分析2007年高考湖北英語卷該部分的試題可知，完成句子部分考查了獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、賓語從句、主語從句、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等十幾項高中必須掌握的語法知識，考查面很廣。值得注意的是有三題給出的漢語提示單詞不是一個，而是兩個，這在一定程度上確保了考生答題的方向，引導(dǎo)考生按照題干的語境限定做出正確的解答。作為湖北首創(chuàng)的新題型，該部分保持了一定的難度，是考生丟分較多的一個題型。下面對2008年高考的完成句子部分熱點作一個預(yù)測，希望能給同學(xué)們的苦學(xué)路上亮起一盞明燈，助你們?nèi)〉贸晒Γ?/p>

熱點一：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

完成句子對動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)的考查集中于如下方面：把握語境，根據(jù)句子中的時間狀語或隱含的時間信息判斷句子的時態(tài)；掌握一些特殊的時態(tài)表示方式以及一些動詞的用法限制；要求能夠根據(jù)句意選擇動詞的主動或被動形式以及用主動形式表被動意義的特例。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1. My former English teacher, who______ ______ (工作了20多年) in our school, now lives in his hometown in Huanggang.(work; over)

2. Li Lei____________(在寫一本書) about ancient Chinese history last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.(write)

3. Too many clouds are gathering in the sky. What would you do____________ (如果天下雨) tomorrow?(rain)

4. When Li Hua arrived, he learned Zhang Hui__________________(已經(jīng)離開幾乎一個小時了).(away)

5. Ill call you____________（我一到武漢就會給你打電話）. （get）

6. Li Lei____________ (總是想著別人) but seldom of himself.(think)

7. The water__________________(感覺有點涼) when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.(feel)

8. I didnt tell the students the answer to the math problem until they____________ (做了一個多小時).（work）

9. In this matter he seems to____________ (他沒有什么責(zé)任). (way; blame)

10. The number of people infected with AIDS could reach 10 million by 2020______ ____________ (除非采取有效措施) to prevent the spread of the disease. (unless; measure)

11. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of____________ (良田流失) each year. (wash)

12. The teacher told the children that_________________(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)). (move)

13. I will give the children________________________ (一些好書看).(read)

14. With the fast development of economy, Wuhan____________ (呈現(xiàn)出一個嶄新的面貌). (take on)

Keys: 1. worked for over 20 years2. was writing a book3. if it rains4. had been away for almost one hour5． as soon as I get to Wuhan6. is always thinking of others7. felt a little cool 8. worked on it for over one hour9. be in no way to blame10. unless effective measures are taken11. land are being washed away12. the earth moves around the sun13. some good books to read14. is taking on a new look

熱點二: 情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞表推測和可能性的用法，情態(tài)動詞 + have done的用法，shall, should, can和must表示特定語氣的用法應(yīng)是考查的熱點。同學(xué)們在掌握其基本用法的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)細(xì)細(xì)領(lǐng)會句子的情景特征，不放過任何細(xì)節(jié)，只有這樣才能寫出正確的句子來。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1. If you think that someone____________ (可能中了毒), you should do the following. (poison)

2. There is no light in the dormitory. They_________ (一定去了) to the library. (must)

3. Without the flood in the village two years ago, these lovely children____________(本來能夠度過一個快樂的童年).(pass)

4. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I________________________（應(yīng)該開車送她去那兒）. （should）

5. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where__________________(可能把它放在)?(put)

6. No person____________(準(zhǔn)吸煙或攜帶點著的香煙), cigar or pipe in this area. （light）

7. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman____________ (竟然對一位女士這么粗魯).(rude)

8. Tom, you__________________ (不許把衣放在地板上) like this.(leave)

9. My cat is really fat. I____________ （不該給它這么多吃的）. (food)

10. You____________(沒有必要洗) all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of things. (wash)

11. Its a pity that he____________(他竟然這么粗心). (careless)

12. The room is so dirty,____________ (我們打掃一下好嗎)?(clean)

13． The North Lake____________ （本來應(yīng)該是很美麗的） but it is now heavily polluted.(beautiful)

Keys: 1. may / might have been poisoned2． must have gone3. could have passed a happy childhood4. should have driven her there5. can I have put it6. shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette7. should be so rude to a lady8. mustnt leave all your clothes on the floor9. shouldnt have given her so much food10. neednt have washed11. should be so careless12. shall we clean it13. should be beautiful

熱點三：非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式和動名詞。要熟練掌握它們的語法功能，在做涉及到非謂語動詞的完成句子時，一定要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷設(shè)空在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑苷覝?zhǔn)動作的邏輯主語，判斷主動或被動關(guān)系，搜索時間信息，確定正確形式，檢查所填內(nèi)容是否能使句子意思通順。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1.____________ (意識到我能夠) use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment. (realize)

2.____________ (致力于他的研究), he spared no time to spend a weekend with his family. (devote)

3. I hurried to the stadium without supper,____________ (結(jié)果被告知) the football match I had been longing to was cancelled. (only, tell)

4. I never dreamed of______(有機會) for me to be able to get the admission notice from my dream university. (there be)

5.____________ (在陽光下看書) is bad for your eyes. (read)

6. Robert is said____________(正在國外學(xué)習(xí)), but I dont know what country he studies in. (abroad)

7.____________ (走進(jìn)教室后), I found him reading a book attentively. (on)

8. Believe it or not, few visitors leave this small village____________(感到失望). (feel)

9.__________________（汽油耗盡了）, she had to stop the car near the road and wait for help.(use)

10. Id better get some petrol. Mine seems__________________ (已經(jīng)抽完). (run)

11.____________(沒被錄用) by that well-known company, he was greatly depressed.(employ)

12.____________(被診斷患有艾滋病),Lily lost hope in life first. (diagnose)

13. By____________ (借著做運動)，we can always stay healthy. (exercise)

14. The boy rushed out in a hurry,______ ___________(留下門) unlocked. (leave)

15.__________________(獲得了一等獎), he was praised by the headmaster. (award)

Keys: 1. Having realized that I could 2. Devoted (Devoting himself) to his research3. only to be told that4. there being a chance5. Reading in the sun6. to be studying abroad7. On entering the classroom8. feeling disappointed9. Petrol used up10. to be running out11. Not having been employed12. Diagnosed with AIDS13. taking exercise14. leaving the door15. Awarded first prize

熱點四：三大從句

名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句在歷年的高考中都曾大規(guī)模的考查，考查方面集中于連詞的選擇和使用上。它們也體現(xiàn)在完成句子這一題型中，同學(xué)們一定要牢記它們的用法，重視句子的語境，正確把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，敏銳地捕捉信息詞、句。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1.____________ (他是否對藝術(shù)有鑒賞力) isnt known to us. (eye)

2. It has been announced that______________________________ (任何被抓住舞弊的人) in the exam will be graded zero. (catch; cheat)

3. I didnt expect to come home and find__________________(他已離開了).(leave)

4. I havent the slightest idea____________ __________ (他們正在說什么).(talk)

5. Students should be brought up to know that love, happiness and successare______ _________________ (金錢所買不到的). (buy)

6. She tore up all the letters he____________ ___________ (寄給她的).(send)

7. His first stop was____________ (在今天越南的一部分).(what; Vietnam)

8.__________________(違反交通規(guī)則的人)should be punished. (those; violate)

9. In a sports team each player has a clear role, and____________ (很少有這樣的情況) members are confused or uncertain of their rules.(occasion)

10. A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train,______ _______________(它是環(huán)保的). (which)

11. Ill never forget how happy I was______________ (當(dāng)我踏上) my hometown. (set)

12.____________(任何時候有困難), dont hesitate to tell me.(trouble)

13. Mr Li made full preparation for the experiment____________(以便實驗?zāi)茼樌M(jìn)行). (conduct)

14.__________________(使我真正失望的是) is that he failed in the exam again.(disappoint)

15.____________(無論你怎么努力)，working towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get you there. (no matter)

Keys: 1. Whether he has an eye for art2. whoever / anyone who is caught cheating3. he had left4. (of) what they are talking about5. what cannot be bought with money / what money cannot buy6. had sent her7. in what is today a part of Vietnam8. Those who violate traffic regulations9. there are few occasions when10. which is environmentally friendly11. when / as I set foot in12. Whenever (you are) in trouble13. so that it could be conducted smoothly14. What really disappointed / disappoints me15. No matter how hard you try

熱點五：強調(diào)、倒裝與省略

強調(diào)、倒裝與省略在完成句子部分應(yīng)注意如下方面：掌握強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意弄清是對什么進(jìn)行強調(diào)；動詞的強調(diào)句型；否定意義的副詞、介詞短語；were, should或had置于句首的倒裝情況；only置于句首的倒裝情況；so, neither或nor置于句首的倒裝情況; 表地點或方位的介詞短語置于句首的倒裝，讓步狀語從句的倒裝。是限制性定語從句還是賓語從句中的省略或是某些特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1. Research has shown that successful language learners__________________ (確實有相當(dāng)多的共同特點). (share)

2． It is____________ (從20世紀(jì)90年代起) scientists started to develop new techniques.(from)

3.____________（正是由于她太沒有經(jīng)驗）that she does not know how to deal with the situation. (too)

4.____________(在任何別處你不可能看到) so many grand bridges as in Wuhan. (nowhere)

5. Only after you put what you have learned to use____________(你才能掌握它). (acquire)

6. Not until she saw her mother____________ __________ （她才放聲大哭）.(break)

7.__________________(時間是如此珍貴) that we cant afford to waste it.(precious)

8． Should____________（如果明天下雨）, we would have to stay at home. (rain)

9.____________ (如果你復(fù)習(xí)了你的功課), you might have passed the exam. （revise）

10. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before____________(被完全接受). (accept)

11. Mr Li has done____________ (盡一切可能去幫) us improve our English. (that)

12. The fried chicken we ate at the restaurant yesterday is marvelous. Id like to have it again even if it costs____________ (兩倍的價錢).(as)

13. When____________(第一次被引進(jìn)時) China, the dance made Chinese viewers crazy.(introduce)

Keys: 1. do share quite a few common characteristics2. from the 1990s that3. It is because she is too inexperienced4. Nowhere else can you see5. can you acquire it6. did she break into tears7. So precious is time8. it rain9. Had you revised your lessons10. (they are) fully accepted11. all (that) he could to help12. twice as much13. (it was ) first introduced to

熱點六：主謂一致

主謂一致要注意三個原則，即語法形式一致、意義一致和就近原則。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，鎖定影響謂語動詞形式的主語；正確判斷一些較為特殊的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，寫出結(jié)構(gòu)完整、情境吻合的答案。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1. Whether he comes or not____________(不要緊).(be; matter)

2. The pair of shoes in that box____________(屬于我).(belong)

3. Not only you but also she____________(喜歡卓別林的電影).(like)

4. The father as well as his four children____________(到結(jié)了冰的河上去溜冰)every Sunday in winter.(skate)

5. Either you or the headmaster____________ ______ (發(fā)獎給) these gifts to the students at the meeting. (is; hand)

6. On the top of these books____________ (是你在找的相冊).(photo album)

7. He is the one of the students who__________ (獎學(xué)金的獲得者) for three years.(winner)

8. A survey of the opinions of students______ _________(證明他們需要更多的自由). (prove)

9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in this area____________ (需要重建).(repair)

10. As you see, the number of cars on roads__________ (持續(xù)增長) these days. (rise)

11. A poet and artist____________ (要來對我們講) about Chinese literature tomorrow afternoon. (come; speak)

12. Each boy and each girl____________ (有一個禮物).(get)

13. When to start____________(還沒決定).(decide)

14. Many a student____________(喜歡踢足球).（like）

15. The majority of students____________(支持) his suggestion. (favor)

Keys: 1. is of no matter2. belongs to me3. likes Chaplins movies4. goes skating on the frozen river5. is to hand out6. is the photo album you are looking for7. is a winner of scholarship8. proves that they need more freedom9. need repairing / to be repaired10. keeps rising11. is coming to speak to us12. has got a present13. hasnt been decided14. likes playing football15. are in favor of

熱點七：感嘆句、There be句型、動詞 +賓語 + 賓補、祈使句、比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。

熟記各種句型結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成、功能，根據(jù)句子空格前后具體的語境寫出符合句意、結(jié)構(gòu)正確的句子。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1.__________________ （多么激動人心的消息啊）it is that China successfully launched Change I, the lunar orbiter! (news)

2. And if we are feeling down or lonely,____________ (沒有更好) than to see the smiling face of a good friend. (nothing)

3. Some experts pointed out that a wise government should try to______ (告知其民眾) when every decision, no matter big or small, is made.(keep; inform)

4.____________ (很多朋友不在)，we decided to put the meeting off.(absent)

5. With____________ (一切都考慮在內(nèi)), the company decided to give up the market in Shanghai. (consideration)

6.______ （天氣允許）, meals will be served outside. (permit)

7. Tommorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only ＄2____________(用它給吉姆買一個禮物).(with)

8. The harder you work,____________(你進(jìn)步愈快).(more)

9. Its unfair. His room is____________(是我的兩倍大).(size)

10.____________ (聽從醫(yī)生的建議), or your cough will get worse.(follow)

11. The teacher came into the classroom, ____________ （手里拿著書）.(hand)

Keys: 1. What exciting news2. there is nothing better3. keep its people informed4. With so many friends (being) absent5. everything taken into consideration6. Weather permitting / If weather permits7. with which to buy a present for Jim8. the more progress you will make9. twice the size of mine10. Follow your doctors advice11. book in hand / with a book in his hand

熱點八：虛擬語氣

要根據(jù)句子的語境靈活多變地運用好虛擬語氣，寫出正確的句子來，像含蓄條件句、時間錯綜句、虛實錯綜句和省略連詞if的句子等。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1.____________ （要是我有保險的話），the sickness wouldnt have caused such a big problem. (if; insurance)

2. But for the constant efforts of Chinese space researchers, the Change I, the first lunar obiter__________________(不可能發(fā)射了). (launch)

3. He put a blanket over the baby__________________(擔(dān)心她會) catch a cold. (fear)

4. I wish people would find out the facts and not act____________ (好像我是) a bad or dangerous person. (if)

5.__________________(如果你可以隨意設(shè)計) your own dream house, what would that house look like?(design)

6. He________________________(不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步) without your help. (progress)

7. If they__________________(今天上午早點離開家), they would arrive in half an hour. (leave)

8. She__________________ (本來要出席會議的) but she was ill. (present)

9.__________________ (如果我年輕的話), I would join the army. (young)

10. The two strangers talked____________ ____________ (像是多年的老朋友). (as if)

11. He insisted that__________________ (會議應(yīng)該被推遲). (put)

12. His idea that____________ （我們應(yīng)該去參觀長城） was warmly welcomed. （visit）

13.____________(要是我有更多的錢), I would buy a car. (have)

14. It is high time that__________________(我們在那兒植樹). (plant)

Keys:

1. If I had had insurance2. couldnt have been launched3. for fear that she should4. as if I were5. If you were free to design / Were you free to design6. could not have made such great progress7. had left home earlier this morning 8. would have been present at the meeting9. Were I young / If I were young10. as if they had been friends for years.11. the meeting (should) be put off12. we (should) visit the Great Wall13. If I had more money14. we should plant trees there

熱點九：對中學(xué)語法和各種結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合考查

高考對完成句子的考查有時只考一個或兩個語法點，有時考查多個語法點的結(jié)合，這就要求同學(xué)們在老師的指導(dǎo)下對中學(xué)的語法進(jìn)行梳理歸納，熟記于心，并結(jié)合句子所提供的語境和所提供的單詞，細(xì)致、靈活地加以運用。

【實戰(zhàn)預(yù)測】

1.__________________ (也許更為重要的是) is to observe how primates live in the wild. (importance)

2. Not only__________________ (要幫助) the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.(give)

3. We asked the professor____________(我們能為動植物免遭危害做些什么).(keep; endanger)

4.____________ (這條商業(yè)街是否需要重建) is still under discussion.(rebuild)

5. We will not let our culture be destroyed and we____________(我們將盡一切可能去挽救我們的城市). (all)

6. Nearby____________ （是農(nóng)民自己蓋的房子） themselves.(house; build)

7. I sometimes wonder what it is that______ ___________(使這個計劃如此成功). (success)

8. These laws____________ （在二戰(zhàn)期間被廢除了）, making it easier for Asians to enter the United States.(abolish)

Keys:

1. What may be of greater importance?？疾閣hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句和be of + n.的結(jié)構(gòu)。

2． will help be given to。本題考查了如下方面：時態(tài)will（一般將來時）；語態(tài)be given（被動語態(tài)）；倒裝will help；詞組搭配be given to等。

3. what we can do to keep animals and plants from being endangered。本題綜合考查了what引導(dǎo)賓語從句、不定式作目的狀語及keep ... from ...結(jié)構(gòu)。

4. Whether this business street needs rebuilding。本題綜合考查了whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句和need接doing表被動的用法。

5. will do all (that) we can to save our city。本題中all作先行詞，關(guān)系代詞用that，由于that在從句中作賓語時可省略; do和前面的謂語動詞重復(fù)，故可省略。

6. are the houses which were built by the peasants。本題綜合考查了倒裝句和被動語態(tài)。

7. has made the plan such a success。本題綜合考查了現(xiàn)在完成時、make + 賓語 + 賓補和抽象名詞success具體化的用法。

8. were abolished during World War Ⅱ。本題綜合考查了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和數(shù)的一致，注意二戰(zhàn)的首字母應(yīng)大寫。