陳雨佳 朱姍
[摘 要]目的 分析針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸對(duì)婦科腫瘤手術(shù)患者切口愈合美觀性的影響。方法 選取2023年1月-12月于我院接受婦科腫瘤手術(shù)的100例患者作為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,各50例。對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組予以針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸,比較兩組切口愈合美觀性、術(shù)后胃腸功能情況。結(jié)果 觀察組切口愈合美觀率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后腹脹發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、首次排便時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸在婦科腫瘤手術(shù)患者中的應(yīng)用可促進(jìn)術(shù)后切口愈合美觀性提高,改善患者胃腸道功能。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù);雷火灸;婦科腫瘤
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R473.73 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)07-0164-03
Effect of Targeted Nursing Intervention Combined with Thunder Fire Moxibustion on the Aesthetics of Wound Healing in Patients with Gynecological Tumor Surgery
CHEN Yu-jia, Zhu Shan
(Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Womens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China)
[Abstract]Objective To analyze the effect of targeted nursing intervention combined with thunder fire moxibustion on the aesthetics of wound healing in patients undergoing gynecological tumor surgery. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent gynecologic tumor surgery in our hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was given general nursing, and the observation group was given targeted nursing intervention combined with thunder fire moxibustion. The aesthetics of wound healing and postoperative gastrointestinal function were compared between the two groups. Results The aesthetics rate of wound healing in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative abdominal distension in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the anal exhaust time and the first defecation time were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with gynecological tumor surgery, targeted nursing intervention combined with thunder fire moxibustion can promote the improvement of aesthetics of postoperative incision healing, and improve the gastrointestinal function of patients.
[Key words] Targeted nursing intervention; Thunder fire moxibustion; Gynecological tumors
婦科腫瘤(gynecological tumors)患者在手術(shù)過(guò)程中受麻醉及術(shù)中臟器牽拉影響,術(shù)后易出現(xiàn)腹脹、惡心嘔吐等[1-3]。此外,患者對(duì)手術(shù)切口的關(guān)注度不高,導(dǎo)致愈合美觀度不佳。目前常規(guī)護(hù)理中缺乏針對(duì)性指導(dǎo),僅遵醫(yī)囑按時(shí)換藥,指導(dǎo)患者術(shù)后盡快下床活動(dòng),實(shí)施效果一般。雷火灸是由多種中藥配伍而成,通過(guò)較強(qiáng)的火熱力與紅外輻射力自局部形成高濃藥區(qū),可溫通經(jīng)絡(luò),促進(jìn)血液循環(huán),加快傷口愈合[4-6]。針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)可針對(duì)患者術(shù)后切口愈合美觀性進(jìn)行相關(guān)的護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,并且對(duì)患者進(jìn)行相關(guān)皮膚護(hù)理的健康宣教,有利于提高切口愈合美觀度。本研究旨在分析針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸對(duì)婦科腫瘤手術(shù)患者切口愈合美觀性的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2023年1月-12月于南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬婦產(chǎn)醫(yī)院/南京市婦幼保健院100例接受婦科腫瘤手術(shù)的患者為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,各50例。對(duì)照組年齡18~55歲,平均年齡(38.34±6.36)歲,疾病種類(lèi):子宮肌瘤25例,異位妊娠10例,卵巢腫瘤15例。觀察組年齡18~54歲,平均年齡(38.12±6.79)歲,疾病種類(lèi):子宮肌瘤26例,異位妊娠11例,卵巢腫瘤13例。兩組年齡及疾病種類(lèi)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),研究可比。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):接受婦科腫瘤手術(shù);皮膚完整,無(wú)過(guò)敏情況;心肺功能正常;患者及家屬均簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)后并發(fā)癥嚴(yán)重;認(rèn)知功能存在障礙。
1.3 方法
1.3.1對(duì)照組 予以常規(guī)護(hù)理:術(shù)后監(jiān)護(hù)患者生命體征,遵醫(yī)囑予以抗生素;囑患者術(shù)后盡早下床活動(dòng),可協(xié)助患者進(jìn)行床上的屈膝及擺腿運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中注意觀察患者的面部表情,全程保障患者安全。
1.3.2觀察組 予以針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸:①通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)及自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)找出影響患者術(shù)后皮膚愈合美觀性的影響因素,并且制定相應(yīng)的護(hù)理計(jì)劃;②術(shù)前對(duì)患者進(jìn)行術(shù)后切口護(hù)理相關(guān)健康宣教,提升患者對(duì)于切口愈合等相關(guān)知識(shí)的認(rèn)知度;③術(shù)后指導(dǎo)患者積極補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)促進(jìn)切口加快愈合,并且在術(shù)后切口換藥中注意保持無(wú)菌操作,防止感染;④雷火灸操作中一般在術(shù)后6 h,患者取仰臥位,選擇關(guān)元穴、大椎穴、足三里穴等,將雷火灸點(diǎn)燃,放入特制的盒子中蓋上灸盒蓋子,置于患者相關(guān)穴位上進(jìn)行恒溫灸,干預(yù)20 min左右,1次/d,一般持續(xù)3 d左右[7-9];操作過(guò)程中以患者的主觀感受為主,如出現(xiàn)疼痛及皮膚瘙癢等及時(shí)停止施灸;⑤護(hù)理操作完成后,注意觀察患者的護(hù)理后的反應(yīng),再次進(jìn)行切口護(hù)理愈合相關(guān)知識(shí)宣教,告知患者多食用一些新鮮蔬菜,禁止食用辛辣食物,運(yùn)動(dòng)需遵循循序漸進(jìn)原則,必要情況下請(qǐng)護(hù)理人員進(jìn)行協(xié)助。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1評(píng)估兩組切口愈合美觀性 通過(guò)我科結(jié)合瘢痕評(píng)估量表自行設(shè)計(jì)的美觀性評(píng)分問(wèn)卷評(píng)估,總分100分,非常滿(mǎn)意(90~100分)、滿(mǎn)意(80~90分)、不滿(mǎn)意(0~80分)。美觀率=(非常滿(mǎn)意+滿(mǎn)意)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4.2評(píng)估兩組術(shù)后胃腸功能 記錄腹脹發(fā)生情況及肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、首次排便時(shí)間。
2.1 兩組切口愈合美觀性比較 觀察組切口愈合美觀率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)情況比較 觀察組術(shù)后腹脹發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、首次排便時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
婦科腫瘤患者術(shù)后可能出現(xiàn)惡心、腹脹、排便異常等情況[10-12],由于護(hù)理人員重點(diǎn)在于針對(duì)疾病進(jìn)行干預(yù),缺乏全面性,實(shí)施效果不佳[13-15]。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為恢復(fù)胃腸功能、減輕疼痛應(yīng)行氣化瘀。雷火灸是中醫(yī)的一種重要治療手法,可以起到疏通經(jīng)絡(luò),通氣血的作用,從而有效地促進(jìn)患者體內(nèi)水分調(diào)節(jié)。雷火灸通過(guò)自身藥材燃燒產(chǎn)生熱量,透過(guò)患者皮膚作用于相關(guān)穴位,促進(jìn)患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組切口愈合美觀率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后腹脹發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、首次排便時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),表明對(duì)婦科腫瘤手術(shù)患者實(shí)施護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸有助于提升切口愈合美觀性,加快胃腸道功能恢復(fù)。分析認(rèn)為,針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)聯(lián)合雷火灸中護(hù)理人員通過(guò)術(shù)前皮膚愈合美觀性的健康宣教,提升了患者相關(guān)認(rèn)知度;術(shù)后告知患者切口護(hù)理中的注意事項(xiàng),并且針對(duì)切口愈合及后期瘢痕的情況進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的飲食及運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),可提升切口愈合的美觀性;同時(shí)實(shí)施雷火灸調(diào)節(jié)了患者體內(nèi)的經(jīng)絡(luò)及氣血,加快了胃腸蠕動(dòng),有助于提升肛門(mén)排氣及排便的時(shí)間,降低腹脹發(fā)生幾率。
綜上所述,對(duì)婦科腫瘤手術(shù)患者實(shí)施護(hù)理干預(yù)結(jié)合雷火灸有助于提升切口愈合美觀性,加快胃腸道功能恢復(fù),為患者康復(fù)提供護(hù)理保障。
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收稿日期:2024-2-20 編輯:劉雯