鄧國棋 盛強(qiáng) 邵云香 楊巖 張勖 徐敬軒
【摘要】目的探究阻滯腺苷A2A受體(A2AR)對膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞干性特征與保護(hù)性自噬的影響。方法將人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞分為四組:對照組、shNC組、shA2AR組、SCH58261組,分別將shNC、shA2AR轉(zhuǎn)染至shNC組與shA2AR組細(xì)胞中,SCH58261組使用A2AR拮抗劑SCH58261處理細(xì)胞,收集處理后的4組U87細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(qRT-PCR)檢測細(xì)胞中A2AR mRNA表達(dá)水平,蛋白質(zhì)免疫印記(Western Blot)檢測細(xì)胞中A2AR 蛋白表達(dá)水平,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期分布,細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞干性,LC3自噬雙標(biāo)腺病毒實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測自噬溶酶體與自噬體形成,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡,Western Blot檢測細(xì)胞中干細(xì)胞標(biāo)記物巢蛋白(Nestin)、SRY相關(guān)高遷移率族盒蛋白2(SOX2)、八聚體結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)錄因子4(OCT4)以及自噬相關(guān)分子微管相關(guān)蛋白3(LC3)II/LC3I、Beclin1的蛋白表達(dá)水平。 結(jié)果與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組U87細(xì)胞中A2AR mRNA相對表達(dá)量與蛋白相對表達(dá)量降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);G1期細(xì)胞比例增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);S期細(xì)胞比例減少,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);腫瘤球形成數(shù)目減少,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);細(xì)胞中紅色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬溶酶體與黃色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬體均明顯增多,細(xì)胞凋亡率增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);細(xì)胞中Nestin、SOX2、OCT4蛋白相對表達(dá)量減少,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);同時(shí),LC3II/LC3I蛋白比值升高,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Beclin1蛋白相對表達(dá)量也增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論阻滯A2AR能夠使人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞發(fā)生G1期阻滯,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞干性特征,并促進(jìn)保護(hù)性自噬,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡。
【關(guān)鍵詞】膠質(zhì)瘤;腺苷A2A受體;干性特征;保護(hù)性自噬
【中圖分類號】R739.41【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A【文章編號】1672-7770(2024)01-0031-07
Blocking adenosine A2A receptors inhibits glioma cell stemness and induces protective autophagy DENG Guoqi, SHENG Qiang, SHAO Yunxiang, et al. Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
Corresponding author: XU Jingxuan
Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of blocking adenosine A2A receptor(A2AR) on the stemness characteristics and protective autophagy of glioma cells. MethodsHuman glioma U87 cells were divided into four groups, control group, shNC group, shA2AR group and SCH58261 group, shNC and shA2AR cells were transfected into shNC group and shA2AR group, respectively. SCH58261 group was treated with A2AR antagonist SCH58261. Four groups of U87 cells were collected after treatment, real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to detect A2AR mRNA expression level in cells. Western blot was used to detect A2AR protein expression level in cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution. Cell tumor pellet formation assay was used to detect cell dryness. LC3 autophagy double-label adenovirus assay was used to detect the formation of autophagosome and autophagosome. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of stem cell marker Nestin(Nestin), SRY-associated high mobility group box protein 2(SOX2), octamer binding transcription factor 4(OCT4) and autophagy related molecules microtubule associated?protein 3(LC3) II/LC3I and Beclin1. ResultsCompared with the control group, the mRNA relative expression level and protein relative expression level of A2AR in U87 cells of shA2AR group and SCH58261 group were decreased. The difference were statistically significant(P<0.05). The proportion of cells in G1 phase was increased. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The proportion of cells in S phase was decreased. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The number of tumor spheres formed was decreased. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The number of autophagosomes represented by red spots and autophagosomes represented by yellow spots in cells significantly increased, and the apoptosis rate increased, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Nestin, SOX2, and OCT4 proteins in cells decreased with statistical significance(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the ratio of LC3II/LC3I protein increased, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The relative expression level of Beclin1 protein also increased, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). ConclusionBlocking A2AR can induce G1 phase arrest of human glioma U87 cells, inhibit the stemness characteristics of tumor cells, promote protective autophagy, and induce cell apoptosis.
Key words: glioma; adenosine A2A receptor; stemness characteristics; protective autophagy
基金項(xiàng)目:自治區(qū)科技支疆項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃(指令性)項(xiàng)目(2022E02060)
作者單位:830000 烏魯木齊,新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科
通信作者:徐敬軒
膠質(zhì)瘤是神經(jīng)上皮起源的惡性腫瘤,常發(fā)生在腦和脊髓中,其特征是高侵襲性、高復(fù)發(fā)率及高死亡率[1]。膠質(zhì)瘤占所有原發(fā)性腦腫瘤的24.7%,占惡性腦腫瘤的74.6%[2]。膠質(zhì)瘤患者通常接受常規(guī)治療,包括手術(shù)切除聯(lián)合放療和化療。近年來,盡管膠質(zhì)瘤的診斷和治療取得了一定進(jìn)展,但接受治療的患者預(yù)后仍然較差,迫切需要闡明膠質(zhì)瘤進(jìn)展的潛在機(jī)制,并開發(fā)新的治療策略來靶向腫瘤進(jìn)展并降低復(fù)發(fā)率。膠質(zhì)瘤干細(xì)胞被認(rèn)為是膠質(zhì)瘤治療期間頻繁復(fù)發(fā)和持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移侵襲的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因素,該干細(xì)胞可分化為新的腫瘤細(xì)胞,維持腫瘤生長,并且對化療藥物具有抵抗性[3-4]。因此,只有遏制膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞的干性細(xì)胞特征才能從根源上控制或治療膠質(zhì)瘤。
腺苷A2A受體(adenosine A2A receptor,A2AR)是典型的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,主要與Gs蛋白偶聯(lián),由410個(gè)氨基酸組成[5]。A2AR對配體腺苷具有高親和力,在病理?xiàng)l件或外部刺激下,ATP被CD39和CD73依次水解為腺苷,腺苷與A2AR結(jié)合后增加了cAMP的濃度,激活一系列下游信號通路,起到免疫抑制和促進(jìn)腫瘤侵襲的作用[6]。研究表明,阻滯A2AR途徑可以抑制多種實(shí)體瘤的發(fā)生與進(jìn)展[7-8]。因此,本研究通過shRNA A2AR與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261以阻滯人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞中A2AR表達(dá),探究其對U87細(xì)胞干性特征與保護(hù)性自噬的影響,以期為臨床上膠質(zhì)瘤治療提供新的策略。
1材料與方法
1.1主要材料與試劑人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞購于美國模式菌種收集中心,腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261購于美國Sigma公司,shRNA A2AR與陰性對照shRNA NC交由上海生工生物工程有限公司設(shè)計(jì)并合成。胎牛血清、青-鏈霉素及DMEM培養(yǎng)基購于美國Gibco公司,LipofectamineTM RNAi MAX和Trizol試劑盒購于美國invitrogen公司,反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑RT reagent Kit與SYBR Premix Ex Taq試劑盒購于日本Takara公司,RIPA裂解液、BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒、BeyoECL Plus、PI染液及DAPI染液購于上海碧云天生物研究所,pCMV GFP-RFP-LC3慢病毒購于上海漢恒生物科技有限公司,Annexin V-FITC/PI熒光雙染細(xì)胞凋亡檢測試劑盒購于南京諾唯贊生物科技股份有限公司,A2AR、Nestin、SOX2、OCT4、LC3II、LC3I、Beclin1及GAPDH多克隆抗體購于英國Abcam 公司,辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔 IgG購自美國ProteinTech公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與分組處理人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞采用含10%胎牛血清與1%青-鏈霉素的DMEM培養(yǎng)基,置于37 ℃、5%CO2恒溫培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。取培養(yǎng)至對數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞,分為對照組、shNC組、shA2AR組、SCH58261組,各分組處理如下:(1)對照組,U87細(xì)胞正常培養(yǎng);(2)shNC組,將shRNA NC轉(zhuǎn)染至U87細(xì)胞;(3)shA2AR組,將shRNA A2AR轉(zhuǎn)染至U87細(xì)胞;(4)SCH58261組,使用10 μM SCH58261處理U87細(xì)胞48 h。細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染使用LipofectamineTM RNAi MAX 轉(zhuǎn)染試劑進(jìn)行,按照說明書配置反應(yīng)體系進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染結(jié)束后換液,收集各處理組的U87細(xì)胞。
1.2.2實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)檢測細(xì)胞A2AR mRNA表達(dá)水平Trizol法提取U87細(xì)胞總RNA,按照試劑盒說明書操作。取獲得的總RNA,通過反轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,再以cDNA為底物,qRT-PCR法檢測A2AR mRNA表達(dá)水平,參照SYBR Premix Ex Taq試劑盒進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增反應(yīng),程序設(shè)定為:95 ℃預(yù)變性15 s,循環(huán)1次;95 ℃變性5 s、60 ℃退火20 s,循環(huán)45次;72 ℃延伸10 s,循環(huán)45次。在擴(kuò)增結(jié)束后制作溶解曲線,采用2-ΔΔCt法分析數(shù)據(jù),以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參基因。引物具體序列:A2AR上游序列5′-AGGCAGCAAGAACCTTTCAA-3′,下游序列5′-CTAAGGAGCTCCACGTCTGG-3′,產(chǎn)物236 bp;GAPDH上游序列5′-GGACTCATG-ACCACAGTCCA-3′,下游序列5′-TCAGCTCAGGGA-TGACCTTG-3′,產(chǎn)物157 bp。
1.2.3蛋白質(zhì)免疫印記(Western Blot)在U87細(xì)胞中添加RIPA裂解液提取總蛋白,BCA法檢測蛋白濃度。添加上樣緩沖液稀釋蛋白,100 ℃金屬浴煮沸變性,將等量變性后的蛋白依次上樣,通過10%SDS-PAGE分離后轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維素膜上,浸于5%脫脂奶粉中室溫封閉2 h。TBST洗膜,分別以A2AR、Nestin、SOX2、OCT4、LC3II、LC3I、Beclin1多克隆抗體作為一抗,均按1∶1 000稀釋后,將膜浸入抗體稀釋液中,置于4 ℃過夜。取膜復(fù)溫,TBST洗膜,將對應(yīng)二抗按1∶5 000稀釋,再將膜浸入二抗稀釋液中,室溫孵育2 h,TBST再次洗膜,滴加BeyoECL Plus顯色,根據(jù)蛋白條帶顯影情況調(diào)整曝光時(shí)間,Image J軟件分析各蛋白條帶灰度值,以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參蛋白,計(jì)算各個(gè)目的蛋白的相對表達(dá)量。
1.2.4流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期分布采用0.25%胰酶消化U87細(xì)胞,以4 000 rpm離心5 min,預(yù)冷的磷酸鹽緩沖液(phosphate buffer saline,PBS)洗滌沉淀后,加入0.3 mL PBS重懸細(xì)胞,再加入0.7 mL乙醇,混合均勻后,置于4 ℃固定12 h,以1 000 rpm離心5 min,棄上清,加入碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染液緩沖液,37 ℃避光孵育30 min,結(jié)束后離心,加入1 mL PBS重懸沉淀,24 h內(nèi)通過流式細(xì)胞儀分析周期分布。
1.2.5細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞干性將U87細(xì)胞用成球培養(yǎng)基重懸,調(diào)整密度為 1 600個(gè)/mL,按每孔800個(gè)的密度鋪于低黏附的 24 孔板中,輕輕晃動(dòng)防止貼壁,并置于37 ℃、5%CO2恒溫培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。7 d 后取出,通過光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成情況并計(jì)數(shù)。
1.2.6LC3自噬雙標(biāo)腺病毒實(shí)驗(yàn)將U87細(xì)胞按照1×105個(gè)/孔的密度接種于6孔板中過夜培養(yǎng),使用pCMV GFP-RFP-LC3慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,感染復(fù)數(shù)設(shè)為50,感染12 h后,再更換為含5 μg/mL嘌呤霉素的正常培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)。將感染后的細(xì)胞分組處理后,4%多聚甲醛固定,穿膜打孔后,DAPI染核1 min,通過熒光共聚焦顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞染色情況并拍照。
1.2.7流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡將SU87細(xì)胞置于干凈流式檢測管內(nèi),0.25%胰酶消化,以4 000 rpm離心10 min,棄上清,PBS洗滌沉淀,再加入500 μL 流式檢測緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,接著避光加入Annexin V-FITC和PI各5 μL,渦旋混勻,室溫孵育20 min,通過流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡水平。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析使用GraphPad Prism 7.0分析數(shù)據(jù)并制作統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)來描述。多組間數(shù)據(jù)比較采用方差分析,LSD-t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行兩組間數(shù)據(jù)比較,以P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261處理后U87細(xì)胞中A2AR表達(dá)變化U87細(xì)胞經(jīng)過shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261處理后,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組細(xì)胞中A2AR mRNA相對表達(dá)量與蛋白相對表達(dá)量均減少,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),而對照組與shNC組之間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),見圖1、表1。
2.2阻滯A2AR對U87細(xì)胞周期分布的影響流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測周期分布結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組U87細(xì)胞G1期細(xì)胞比例增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),S期細(xì)胞比例減少差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);shNC組細(xì)胞G1期、S期、G2期的細(xì)胞比例與對照組之間均無顯著差異(均P>0.05),見圖2、表2。
2.3阻滯A2AR對U87細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成的影響細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成數(shù)目減少,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);shNC組與對照組細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成數(shù)目無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖3、表2。
2.4阻滯A2AR對U87細(xì)胞自噬水平的影響免疫熒光染色結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組U87細(xì)胞中紅色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬溶酶體、黃色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬體均明顯增多;而與對照組比較,shNC組細(xì)胞中紅色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬溶酶體、黃色斑點(diǎn)代表的自噬體均未發(fā)生明顯變化,見圖4。
2.5阻滯A2AR對U87細(xì)胞凋亡的影響流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組細(xì)胞凋亡率增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);而shNC組與對照組細(xì)胞凋亡率之間無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖5、表2。
2.6阻滯A2AR對U87細(xì)胞干性特征與自噬相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的影響Western Blot測定結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組Nestin、SOX2、OCT4蛋白相對表達(dá)量減少,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);shNC組Nestin、SOX2、OCT4蛋白相對表達(dá)量較對照組均無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖6、表3。與對照組比較,shA2AR組和SCH58261組LC3II/LC3I蛋白比值升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),Beclin1蛋白相對表達(dá)量增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);shNC組LC3II/LC3I蛋白比值、Beclin1蛋白相對表達(dá)量較對照組均無顯著差異(P>0.05),見圖7、表3。
3討論
A2AR的激活導(dǎo)致免疫抑制和腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移,并抵抗腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤進(jìn)程。最新一項(xiàng)研究表明,A2AR的高表達(dá)與膠質(zhì)瘤男性患者的生存率降低有關(guān);此外,A2AR還與主要富集于局灶黏著和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相互作用的基因密切相關(guān),并誘導(dǎo)上皮間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化、血管生成和膠質(zhì)瘤生長[9]。由此提示,A2AR可能是膠質(zhì)瘤有希望的治療靶點(diǎn)。目前,使用A2AR拮抗劑或A2AR敲除技術(shù)阻滯A2AR途徑可顯著提高抗腫瘤效果,例如,A2AR拮抗劑Ciforadenant(CPI-444)在腎細(xì)胞癌患者中可以安全地阻斷體內(nèi)腺苷信號傳導(dǎo),發(fā)揮抗腫瘤活性作用[10]。使用負(fù)載siRNA A2AR的納米顆粒治療結(jié)腸癌CT26細(xì)胞和乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞構(gòu)建的移植瘤小鼠,不僅能抑制腫瘤生長,而且增加了抗腫瘤免疫應(yīng)答反應(yīng)和小鼠存活時(shí)間[11]。本研究采用shRNA A2AR轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261處理人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞后,檢測結(jié)果顯示,兩種作用下細(xì)胞中A2AR mRNA相對表達(dá)量與蛋白相對表達(dá)量均減少,提示shRNA A2AR轉(zhuǎn)染或使用腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261均能夠阻滯U87細(xì)胞中A2AR的表達(dá)水平。
腫瘤細(xì)胞的異質(zhì)性長期以來備受重視,腫瘤干細(xì)胞是膠質(zhì)瘤的重要組成部分。腫瘤干細(xì)胞可由常見的干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物標(biāo)記,如CD133、CD44、Nestin、SOX2、OCT4等,這些標(biāo)記分子可以與免疫生態(tài)位因子及細(xì)胞微環(huán)境共同作用,調(diào)節(jié)膠質(zhì)瘤的腫瘤發(fā)生和進(jìn)展[12]。在膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤中,Nestin不僅是腫瘤細(xì)胞干性特征的標(biāo)志物,還是評估患者預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo)[13]。SOX2和OCT4是控制腫瘤細(xì)胞干性和發(fā)育的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,SOX2是SRY相關(guān)HMG-box(SOX)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族的成員,通過與其他干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物如NANOG和OCT4復(fù)合,刺激成體細(xì)胞重編程為多能干細(xì)胞,并在腫瘤細(xì)胞中維持干細(xì)胞樣特性[14]。OCT4屬于POU(Pit-Oct-Unc)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族,其在腫瘤干細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞中通過調(diào)控其靶基因參與腫瘤細(xì)胞自我更新和腫瘤發(fā)生[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)過shRNA A2AR轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261處理人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞后,腫瘤球形成數(shù)目減少,細(xì)胞中Nestin、SOX2、OCT4蛋白相對表達(dá)量也減少,該結(jié)果說明阻滯A2AR能夠抑制U87細(xì)胞的干性特征。
自噬可以去除受損或衰老的細(xì)胞器,在調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤進(jìn)展和腫瘤治療反應(yīng)中起重要作用。自噬在腫瘤中的作用相對復(fù)雜,主要取決于腫瘤類型、分期和遺傳背景,其可以通過防止受損蛋白質(zhì)和細(xì)胞器的積累而起到腫瘤抑制作用,也可以通過提供代謝底物促進(jìn)細(xì)胞內(nèi)循環(huán)從而有助于腫瘤生長[16-18]。而響應(yīng)抗腫瘤治療而觸發(fā)的自噬可能與細(xì)胞死亡有關(guān),可導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞中促死亡信號通路的激活[19]。在自噬體形成過程中,胞質(zhì)LC3I與磷脂酰乙醇胺結(jié)合,轉(zhuǎn)化為其酶促LC3II對應(yīng)物,并聚集在自噬體膜上,因此LC3II/LC3I是衡量自噬水平的重要指標(biāo)[20]。Beclin1是磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶復(fù)合物的組成部分,作為酵母ATG6的哺乳動(dòng)物直系同源物,在自噬中起核心作用[21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)過shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261處理人膠質(zhì)瘤U87細(xì)胞后,自噬溶酶體與自噬體均明顯增多,LC3II/LC3I蛋白比值升高,Beclin1蛋白相對表達(dá)量增加,同時(shí),細(xì)胞凋亡率也增加,由此說明,阻滯A2AR能夠誘導(dǎo)U87細(xì)胞的保護(hù)性自噬,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生。
綜上所述,利用shRNA A2AR轉(zhuǎn)染與腺苷A2A受體阻斷劑SCH58261阻滯U87細(xì)胞中A2AR表達(dá)后,能夠使U87細(xì)胞發(fā)生G1期阻滯,減少腫瘤球形成數(shù)目,抑制干性標(biāo)記物Nestin、SOX2、OCT4蛋白表達(dá),并促進(jìn)自噬溶酶體與自噬體形成,提高LC3II/LC3I蛋白比值及Beclin1蛋白表達(dá),進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。本研究為靶向A2AR治療膠質(zhì)瘤提供了新的參考依據(jù),但作用機(jī)制尚未明確,有待后續(xù)深入探究。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
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(收稿2023-06-06修回2023-09-10)