黃連英

The signs of hip-hops influence are everywhere. American rapper and music producer Pharrell Williams recently became a creative director for the French fashion company Louis Vuitton. Other hip hop stars， including Dr. Dre， Diddy and Jay-Z， started billion-dollar fashion， lifestyle and music companies.

But it did not start out that way. Hip-hop started 50 years ago as an escape from the poverty and violence in the Bronx area of New York City. The music and style appealed to Black and Latino teenagers. As hip-hop spread throughout New York， so did the culture.

People often mix up hip-hop with rap. Rap is a musical style that combines quick recitation of rhymes with musical beats. But hip-hop is more than just music. It is a culture， and rap music is one part of it. Hip-hop also includes other activities， like breakdancing， disc-jockeying and graffiti art. In his 1993 song Hip Hop vs. Rap， KRS-One said： “Rap is something you do. Hip hop is something you live.”

Today， hip-hops influence on music and other industries is so widespread that experts say it becomes difficult to measure. Writer Zack OMalley Greenburg estimates that hip-hops five wealthiest artists were collectively worth nearly $4 billion in 2022.

There is also hip-hops influence on protest， resistance and political dissent around the world. From the Arab Spring and the Palestinian freedom fight to feminism and class struggles， rap music is a popular expression for calls to action. Music videos produced by artists in Africa， Europe， Asia and South America often include breakdancers， graffiti and other elements of hip-hop.

In 2016， former U.S. President Barack Obama answered questions about human rights and free expression during a visit to Vietnam. One question came from Suboi， a female rapper known as Vietnams “Queen of Hip-Hop.” She said she struggled against the Vietnamese stereotype that rap and hip-hop music are not a good form of expression for Asian women.

“Lets be honest， sometimes art is dangerous and thats why governments sometimes get nervous about art，” Obama said. “But one of the things that I truly believe is that if you try to suppress the arts， then I think youre suppressing the deepest dreams and aspirations of a people.”

（材料來(lái)自51VOA網(wǎng)站，有刪改）

1. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed？

A. By making comparisons.

B. By the time order.

C. By asking and answering.

D. By giving examples.

2. Which of the following isnt true according to the passage？

A. Hip-hop started as an escape of violence and poverty.

B. Hip-hop is not only a form of music but also a culture.

C. Its hard to measure Hip-hops influence today .

D. Five hip-hops artists individually make $4 billion in 2022.

3. What is Obamas attitude toward the art？

A. Disapproving.? B. Supportive.

C. Doubtful.? ?D. Neutral.

4. Which column might the passage be in a magazine？

A. People and Life.B. Sports and Health.

C. Art and Culture.D. Science and Technology.

1. A。解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)材料第三段第一句“People often mix up hip-hop with rap”，我們可知人們經(jīng)常把嘻哈和說(shuō)唱混為一談。接著，作者分別介紹了嘻哈和說(shuō)唱各自的特點(diǎn)，因此這一段材料主要采用了對(duì)比的寫作手法來(lái)展開敘述。故選A。

2. D。解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)材料第二段第二句，我們可排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)材料第三段的第三和第四個(gè)句子，我們可排除B選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)材料第四段第一句，我們可排除C選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)材料第四段第二句，我們可知一名作家估計(jì)2022年嘻哈界最富有的五位藝術(shù)家的總資產(chǎn)接近40億美元。D選項(xiàng)與原文意思不符，故選D。

3. B。解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。材料最后一段最后一句中的“如果你試圖壓制藝術(shù)，那么我認(rèn)為你是在壓制一個(gè)民族最深層的夢(mèng)想和愿望”反映了奧巴馬的態(tài)度。由此可見，奧巴馬對(duì)藝術(shù)持肯定態(tài)度。故選B。

4. C。解析：推理判斷題。文章是圍繞“嘻哈的起源、特點(diǎn)和廣泛影響”展開的，所以它最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志的藝術(shù)和文化欄目。故選C。