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關(guān)于比式判別法和Raabe判別法的推廣

2023-11-02 14:41張喆劉文軍

張喆 劉文軍

摘要:數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)是數(shù)學(xué)分析里非常重要的內(nèi)容,其中正項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)斂散性的判別方法很多,比如比較原則、比式判別法、根式判別法等,但在使用這些方法時(shí),各自有其局限性.文章主要對(duì)正項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)的比式判別法和拉貝(Raabe)判別法及其極限形式做了較有意義的推廣,并通過一些應(yīng)用舉例對(duì)其進(jìn)行方法分析,說明推廣之后的新方法比原來兩種方法更加方便靈活,應(yīng)用范圍更加廣泛.

關(guān)鍵詞:正項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù),比式判別法,Raabe判別法

中圖分類號(hào):O173

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

文章編號(hào):1674-9545(2023)03-0096-(06)

DOI:10.19717/j.cnki.jjun.2023.03.018

方法分析:不難發(fā)現(xiàn),Raabe判別法在式子的形態(tài)上與比式判別法有很大的相似性,里面都具有比式的形式,因此可以說,它們?cè)诮鉀Q一些級(jí)數(shù)斂散性的問題上也有著很大的相似性,即都比較適用于解決一些帶有連乘、階乘、雙階乘或者帶有xn(冪函數(shù))的式子.不同的是,Raabe判別法能解決的問題相對(duì)于比式判別法而言更多一些,比如當(dāng)在利用比式判別法的極限形式時(shí),其極限值為1的時(shí)候,說明該題目用該方法無法求解,這時(shí)就可以嘗試著利用Raabe判別法去求解該題目.對(duì)于Raabe判別法的兩個(gè)推廣,通過例3發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種解題方法的不同之處在于將第n+1項(xiàng)與第n項(xiàng)的比式改為了第n+m項(xiàng)與第n項(xiàng)的比式,最終結(jié)果一致.也就是說對(duì)于一些判別正項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù)斂散性的題目,當(dāng)在用到Raabe判別法時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)像利用比式判別法的推廣時(shí)一樣,在式子當(dāng)中不只局限于第n+1項(xiàng)與第n項(xiàng)的比式,嘗試著聯(lián)想一些其他合適的正整數(shù)m,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為第n+m項(xiàng)與第n項(xiàng)的比式,從而利用Raabe判別法的推廣進(jìn)行解題.從例4中不難看出,里面有(-1)n,當(dāng)再利用定理4去解題時(shí),里面就會(huì)出現(xiàn)負(fù)號(hào),而且無法在計(jì)算時(shí)消除k,導(dǎo)致計(jì)算過程很復(fù)雜,很難判斷出該級(jí)數(shù)的斂散性,而當(dāng)利用推論去解題時(shí),題目中的(-1)n+k可以在計(jì)算時(shí)直接消除.總的來說,該推廣的優(yōu)勢(shì)與上述比式判別法的推廣比較相似,都可以使應(yīng)用范圍更加廣泛,更加實(shí)用,解起題來也更加方便.

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The Generalization on Ratio Test and Raabe Test

LIU Wenjun,ZHANG Zhe

(School of Science, Jiujiang University,Jiujiang Jiangxi? 332005,China)

ABSTRACT Number term series was a very important content in mathematical analysis, among which there were many discriminant methods for positive term series, such as comparison principle,ratio test,radical test,etc. But when using these methods, each had its limitations.In this article, we had made meaningful generalizations of the already learned ratio test and Raabe test, as well as their limit forms, and analyzed their methods through some application examples, indicating that the new method was more convenient and flexible than the original two methods, as well as the application range was wider.

KEY WORDS positive term series; ratio test; Raabe test

(責(zé)任編輯 羅江龍)