張遠(yuǎn),張鵬濤,韓明芳,賀瑞,李澤慧,史芳川,鐘良軍,
ND∶YAP、ND∶YAG激光聯(lián)合氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑治療牙本質(zhì)敏感的臨床研究
張遠(yuǎn)1,張鵬濤1,韓明芳2,賀瑞2,李澤慧1,史芳川1,鐘良軍1,2
1.杭州師范大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院牙周病診療中心,浙江杭州 310015;2.杭州師范大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院,浙江杭州 310015
探討ND∶YAP、ND∶YAG激光聯(lián)合38%氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑治療牙本質(zhì)敏感的臨床效果。將120例牙本質(zhì)敏感患者的330顆牙本質(zhì)過(guò)敏(dentin hypersensitivity,DH)患牙隨機(jī)分為11個(gè)治療組,其中5組分別進(jìn)行38%氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑、ND∶YAP激光、ND∶YAG激光脫敏治療,另外6組進(jìn)行激光聯(lián)合治療,評(píng)價(jià)各治療組治療前及治療后即刻、治療后4和8周對(duì)溫度刺激敏感度的變化,采用視覺(jué)模擬量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)對(duì)溫度敏感度進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。單獨(dú)治療各組術(shù)后即刻溫度刺激均有改善(<0.05),治療效果隨時(shí)間推移減弱;治療第8周,氟化氨銀組、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑組、Gluma脫敏劑組完全失效(<0.05),ND∶YAP激光組、ND∶YAG激光組療效減弱(<0.05)。在激光聯(lián)合治療中:各組在治療后3個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)均有效果(<0.05);在治療后第8周,ND∶YAP激光組、ND∶YAG激光組與聯(lián)合治療組均維持治療效果(<0.05),激光單獨(dú)治療組效果弱于聯(lián)合治療組(<0.05)。激光聯(lián)合脫敏劑治療牙本質(zhì)敏感具有穩(wěn)定持久的治療效果。
牙本質(zhì)敏感;氟化氨銀;牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑;Gluma脫敏劑;ND∶YAP激光;ND∶YAG激光
牙本質(zhì)過(guò)敏(dentin hypersensitivity,DH)是暴露的牙本質(zhì)受溫度、機(jī)械性或化學(xué)刺激而引起的尖銳而短暫疼痛的癥狀[1-2]。DH是臨床中的常見(jiàn)疾病,流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,我國(guó)20~69歲人群中29.7%患牙本質(zhì)敏感,50~59歲發(fā)生率高達(dá)39.1%[3]。DH沒(méi)有明顯的牙體缺損或牙體病變,臨床治療方法雖眾多但難以根治,對(duì)患者的生活造成極大影響。液體動(dòng)力學(xué)說(shuō)是目前被廣泛接受的DH發(fā)病機(jī)制,牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)的液體在物理、化學(xué)刺激下可進(jìn)行內(nèi)外向流動(dòng),產(chǎn)生的流體壓力刺激牙髓神經(jīng)纖維產(chǎn)生疼痛癥狀[4]。因此,目前臨床常用的DH治療方法是牙本質(zhì)小管的有效封閉,主要為各種牙本質(zhì)小管封閉劑的涂布和激光照射脫敏治療,降低物理和化學(xué)刺激引起的牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)液體流動(dòng),從而緩解酸痛癥狀[5]。雖然目前關(guān)于治療DH的研究眾多,但不同激光和不同激光聯(lián)合治療效果的橫向比較較少。本研究探討幾種封閉牙本質(zhì)小管方法的治療效果,對(duì)氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑、ND∶YAP和ND∶YAG激光的臨床治療效果進(jìn)行比較,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,將ND∶YAP和ND∶YAG激光分別與氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑進(jìn)行聯(lián)合治療,對(duì)聯(lián)合治療的臨床療效進(jìn)行比較和評(píng)價(jià)。
選取2018年1月至2022年8月杭州師范大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院口腔科就診的牙本質(zhì)過(guò)敏患者120 例(共330顆患牙),其中男52例,女68例;平均年齡(41±11)歲,將所有患牙隨機(jī)分為11組,各組30顆患牙。單獨(dú)治療組:S1:38%氟化氨銀組;S2:Gluma脫敏劑組;S3:牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑組;S4:ND∶YAG激光組;S5:ND∶YAP激光組。聯(lián)合治療組:C1:38%氟化氨銀聯(lián)合ND∶YAG激光組;C2:Gluma脫敏劑聯(lián)合ND∶YAG激光組;C3:牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑聯(lián)合ND∶YAG激光組;C4:38%氟化氨銀聯(lián)合ND∶YAP激光組;C5:Gluma脫敏劑聯(lián)合ND∶YAP激光組;C6:牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑聯(lián)合ND∶YAP激光組。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①無(wú)全身系統(tǒng)性疾病,依從性良好;②3個(gè)月以上的牙本質(zhì)敏感癥狀;③牙科三用槍吹氣有明顯的敏感部位;④牙齦退縮≤根長(zhǎng)1/3;⑤牙齒無(wú)修復(fù)體;⑥敏感牙無(wú)牙髓炎、齲病、隱裂;⑥未服用精神類(lèi)藥品。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①3個(gè)月內(nèi)接受過(guò)牙本質(zhì)脫敏治療和使用脫敏牙膏;②3個(gè)月內(nèi)接受牙齒美白治療;③正畸治療中;④過(guò)敏體質(zhì);⑤女性在備孕、妊娠期或哺乳期;⑥溝通能力欠佳者。本研究經(jīng)杭州師范大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)[倫理審批號(hào):2023(E2)-KS-131],患者均知情同意。
1.2.1 脫敏治療 治療前對(duì)符合納入條件的患者進(jìn)行視覺(jué)模擬量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)的詳細(xì)講解,患者充分理解并能熟練使用后開(kāi)始治療。脫敏治療前患牙頰舌側(cè)棉卷阻隔唾液,近遠(yuǎn)中棉卷阻隔鄰牙,各組患牙分別進(jìn)行相應(yīng)脫敏治療。各組患牙處理完成后,在三用槍垂直牙面5mm處,向敏感牙面吹氣2s,記錄患牙溫度刺激VAS值;所有操作均在同一臺(tái)牙椅上完成并由同一名醫(yī)生完成,各組治療方法見(jiàn)表1、表2。
表1 單獨(dú)治療組的脫敏方法
表2 聯(lián)合治療組的脫敏方法
1.2.2 觀測(cè)指標(biāo) VAS量表評(píng)價(jià)患牙敏感程度,VAS值范圍0~10分。無(wú)疼痛計(jì)0分,疼痛最劇烈計(jì)10分。分別在治療前及治療后即刻、治療后4和8周記錄溫度刺激VAS值。每次每顆患牙記錄2次VAS值,取均值。
各組術(shù)后即刻檢查均有效果(<0.05),其中S3組療效較其他各組差(<0.05);治療后4周,S3組治療效果減弱,但仍有效果(<0.05);第8周時(shí)S1、S2、S3組均失效,S4和S5組有效,但較術(shù)后即刻和第4周差(<0.05),見(jiàn)表3、表4和圖1。
表3 單獨(dú)治療組溫度刺激VAS值(,分)
表4 單獨(dú)治療組間最小二乘均值兩兩比較
圖1 單獨(dú)治療組溫度刺激VAS值
各聯(lián)合治療組在術(shù)后即刻、術(shù)后第4和8周時(shí)均有效果(<0.05),見(jiàn)表5、表6和圖2。
表5 聯(lián)合治療組溫度刺激VAS值(,分)
表6 聯(lián)合治療組組間最小二乘均值兩兩比較
圖2 聯(lián)合治療組溫度刺激VAS值
單獨(dú)治療組在第8周的溫度刺激VAS值與聯(lián)合治療組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05),S4和S5組溫度刺激VAS值較S1、S2和S3組低,但高于C1~C6組(<0.05),見(jiàn)表7、表8和圖3。
表7 第8周時(shí)各組溫度刺激VAS值(,分)
表8 單獨(dú)治療組與聯(lián)合治療組第8周時(shí)組間最小二乘均值兩兩比較
圖3 各組第8周時(shí)溫度刺激VAS值
基于流體力學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō),目前有兩類(lèi)方法治療DH,分別是通過(guò)物理方法進(jìn)行牙本質(zhì)小管封閉和化學(xué)方法降低牙髓敏感性[6]。其中封閉牙本質(zhì)小管主要通過(guò)脫敏劑的涂布和激光照射,在臨床治療中均有一定的治療效果,但普遍存在的問(wèn)題是治療效果的持續(xù)時(shí)間。由于脫敏劑在牙本質(zhì)表面只能形成極薄的封閉層,在咬合力、機(jī)械刷洗及持續(xù)的化學(xué)作用下,造成封閉層破壞發(fā)生脫落,導(dǎo)致治療效果不佳或僅能維持短期療效[7];ND∶YAG激光是臨床常用的牙本質(zhì)脫敏的治療手段,其熱效應(yīng)可使牙本質(zhì)小管部分或全部熔融封閉[8]。近年來(lái)ND∶YAP激光用于牙本質(zhì)敏感的治療取得較好的治療效果,ND∶YAP激光波長(zhǎng)1341nm,較ND∶YAG激光具有更穩(wěn)定的能量輸出[9]。激光照射和脫敏劑封閉牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉層結(jié)構(gòu)具有差異性,激光封閉可形成密實(shí)的整體,有更好的強(qiáng)度和耐磨性。激光治療的熱效應(yīng)在封閉牙本質(zhì)小管的同時(shí),也可能對(duì)牙髓產(chǎn)生刺激。ND∶YAG激光以30mJ和10Hz參數(shù)照射后牙本質(zhì)熔融層達(dá)10μm是較為理想的照射參數(shù)[10]。提高ND∶YAG激光照射參數(shù),牙本質(zhì)的熔融層會(huì)加深,但同時(shí)牙髓會(huì)因溫度升高發(fā)生壞死,當(dāng)牙髓溫度升高5.5℃時(shí)15%的牙髓組織發(fā)生壞死[11]。有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),ND∶YAG激光照射功率的選擇、照射時(shí)長(zhǎng)和間隔、照射角度及照射距離都會(huì)對(duì)溫度產(chǎn)生較大影響[12-14]。Namour等[15-16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ND∶YAP激光提高照射功率牙髓溫度變化較小,ND∶YAP激光的功率變化不易導(dǎo)致牙髓組織的損傷。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明兩種激光治療牙本質(zhì)敏感的臨床效果和療效維持時(shí)間相近,但ND∶YAP激光的應(yīng)用安全性較高。激光照射產(chǎn)生的熱熔融層在咀嚼作用、機(jī)械刺激的作用下,牙本質(zhì)的熔融層產(chǎn)生磨耗,牙本質(zhì)小管封閉作用減弱;ND∶YAG激光和ND∶YAP激光治療組在第8周時(shí)VAS值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但較4周時(shí)均有升高。
有研究表明在使用激光照射牙本質(zhì)時(shí),由于照射角度和距離、移動(dòng)速度等原因,部分牙本質(zhì)小管可能無(wú)法完全熔融封閉[17];在激光照射的基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合使用脫敏劑加強(qiáng)牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉效果,可形成熔融層-藥物封閉層的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),聯(lián)合治療一方面擴(kuò)大牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉數(shù)量,另一方面封閉的結(jié)構(gòu)更為穩(wěn)定,耐磨性得到加強(qiáng),起到雙重脫敏的作用[18]。采用激光聯(lián)合藥物的研究結(jié)果均顯示聯(lián)合治療較單獨(dú)使用一種方法可獲得更持久的治療效果,這與本研究聯(lián)合治療的結(jié)果一致[19-21]。Kim等[22]通過(guò)檢查牙本質(zhì)流體流動(dòng)情況評(píng)價(jià)激光和脫敏劑封閉牙本質(zhì)小管的效果,激光封閉效果優(yōu)于脫敏劑組,激光組封閉效果沒(méi)有顯著差異,與本研究結(jié)果基本一致。
綜上所述,ND∶YAP和ND∶YAG激光、38%氟化氨銀、牙本質(zhì)黏結(jié)劑、Gluma脫敏劑都具有封閉牙本質(zhì)小管降低牙本質(zhì)敏感的作用,單獨(dú)使用時(shí)ND∶YAP和ND∶YAG激光可獲得較持久的治療效果;激光聯(lián)合脫敏藥物進(jìn)行治療時(shí),能獲得更為持久穩(wěn)定的治療效果。
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Clinical study of ND:YAP, ND:YAG laser combined with silver ammonium fluoride, dentin-adhesive agent and Gluma desensitizer in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity
ZHANG Yuan, ZHANG Pengtao, HAN Mingfang, HE Rui, LI Zehui, SHI Fangchuan, ZHONG Liangjun
1.Periodontal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China; 2.Stomatology College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
To investigate the clinical effect of ND∶YAP, ND∶YAG laser combined with 38% silver ammonium fluoride, dentin adhesive agent and Gluma desensitizer in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.330 teeth with dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in 120 patients were randomly divided into 11 treatment groups. 5 groups were treated with 38% silver ammonium fluoride, dentin adhesive agent, Gluma desensitizer, ND∶YAP laser, ND∶YAG laser desensitization. The other 6 groups were treated with combined laser therapy. The changes of sensitivity to temperature stimulation in each treatment group were evaluated before treatment, immediately after treatment, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, and the temperature sensitivity was detected by visual analogue scale (VAS).The immediate postoperative temperature stimulation was improved in all groups (<0.05), the therapeutic effect decreased with time, and the curative effect of silver ammonium fluoride group, dentin adhesive agent group and Gluma desensitizer group completely failed at the 8th week (<0.05), and the curative effect of ND∶YAP laser group and ND∶YAG laser group was weakened (<0.05). In laser combined therapy: All groups had effects at three time points after treatment (<0.05); At the 8th week after treatment, ND∶YAP laser group, ND∶YAG laser group and combined treatment group all maintained the therapeutic effect (<0.05), and the effect of laser alone treatment group was weaker than that of combined treatment group (<0.05).Laser combined with desensitizers has a stable and lasting therapeutic effect on dentin hypersensitivity.
Dentin hypersensitivity; Silver ammonium fluoride; Dentin adhesive agent; Gluma desensitizer; ND:YAP laser; ND:YAG laser
R781.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.27.008
浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021KY891);杭州市生物醫(yī)藥和健康產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展扶持科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目(2021WJCY129);杭州市衛(wèi)生科技計(jì)劃重大項(xiàng)目(Z20200046)
鐘良軍,電子信箱:zymdxx@163.com
(2023–03–27)
(2023–09–08)