高珊珊 楊鑫 付嘉豪 邵非 翟洪霞 周宇
[摘要]目的探討基底外側(cè)杏仁核(BLA)微量注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動(dòng)劑或拮抗劑對(duì)大鼠條件性味覺厭惡(CTA)情緒記憶獲取及提取的影響。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠BLA埋管后隨機(jī)分為8組,實(shí)驗(yàn)組分別于不同時(shí)間經(jīng)BLA微量注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動(dòng)劑(retigabine)或拮抗劑(XE-991),其對(duì)照組注射生理鹽水。采用CTA行為范式評(píng)價(jià)Kv7通道激動(dòng)劑及拮抗劑對(duì)CTA情緒記憶獲取及提取的影響。結(jié)果訓(xùn)練前注射retigabine組大鼠味覺厭惡指數(shù)較注射生理鹽水組大鼠明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.384,P<0.05);記憶提取前注射retigabine組大鼠味覺厭惡指數(shù)與注射生理鹽水組大鼠比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。訓(xùn)練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠與注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比,味覺厭惡指數(shù)差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論Kv7鉀離子通道的激活抑制CTA記憶獲取,該作用可能與降低BLA神經(jīng)元興奮性有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]鉀通道,電壓門控;基底外側(cè)核;情緒;記憶;大鼠
[中圖分類號(hào)]R338.2[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2023)03-0364-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.019[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20230303.1117.005.html;2023-03-0610:09:43
EFFECT OF KV7 CHANNEL ON CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION MEMORY IN RATS GAO Shanshan, YANG Xin, FU Jiahao, SHAO Fei, ZHAI Hongxia, ZHOU Yu? (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microinjection of Kv7 channel agonist or antagonist into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on the acquisition and retrieval of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats. MethodsAdult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups after BLA catheter embedding. The rats in experimental groups were given intra-BLA microinjection of Kv7 channel agonist (retigabine) or antagonist (XE-991), and those in control groups were given injection of normal saline. The CTA behavioral paradigm was used to evaluate the effect of Kv7 channel agonist or antagonist on the acquisition and retrieval of memory. ResultsCompared with the rats injected with normal saline, the rats injected with retigabine before CTA training had a significant reduction in taste aversion index (t=3.384,P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in taste aversion index between the rats injected with retigabine and those injected with normal saline before memory retrieval (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in taste aversion index between the rats injected with XE-991 and those injected with normal saline before training and memory retrieval (P>0.05). ConclusionKv7 channel activation inhibits the acquisition of CTA memory in rats, possibly by reducing BLA neuronal excitability.
[KEY WORDS]potassium channels, voltage-gated; basolateral nuclear complex; emotions; memory; rats
杏仁核由基底外側(cè)杏仁核(BLA)和中央杏仁核構(gòu)成,是情緒學(xué)習(xí)和記憶最重要的腦結(jié)構(gòu)。BLA的神經(jīng)元回路對(duì)于情緒記憶的獲取、鞏固、提取和消退至關(guān)重要[1-4]。BLA神經(jīng)元表達(dá)多種不同類型的受體,具有高度的可塑性。BLA腦區(qū)NMDA 受體依賴的突觸可塑性改變可能是情緒記憶獲取的關(guān)鍵[5-7]。KCNQ即Kv7是一種電壓依賴的鉀離子通道,它參與調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元的興奮性,在學(xué)習(xí)記憶、行為及感知覺功能調(diào)節(jié)中起到至關(guān)重要的作用[8-11]。抑制Kv7鉀離子通道可以通過增強(qiáng)突觸后動(dòng)作電位爆發(fā)期間和之后的除極化促進(jìn)NMDA受體開放,有助于誘導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)時(shí)程增強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)生[12]。因此,我們猜測(cè)調(diào)控BLA腦區(qū)的KCNQ鉀離子通道可能會(huì)影響情緒記憶的多個(gè)進(jìn)程,包括記憶的獲取、鞏固以及提取。本研究旨在利用藥理學(xué)方法和條件性味覺厭惡(CTA)行為范式,探討B(tài)LA Kv7鉀離子通道活動(dòng)對(duì)大鼠味覺厭惡情緒記憶獲取和提取的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
1.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物成年雄性Wistar大鼠,體質(zhì)量280~320 g,購(gòu)自中國(guó)濟(jì)寧綠康藥業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心。大鼠于(21±2)℃恒溫、(50±10)%恒濕、12 h/12 h等長(zhǎng)日夜循環(huán)光照條件下飼養(yǎng),可自由進(jìn)水、飲食。實(shí)驗(yàn)開始前大鼠至少適應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境1周。本研究得到青島大學(xué)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。
1.1.2主要試劑 XE-911和retigabine購(gòu)自英國(guó)TOCRIS公司;氯化鋰(LiCl)和甜味劑鄰苯甲?;酋啺封c購(gòu)于美國(guó)Sigma公司。
1.2BLA埋管
大鼠腹腔注射80 g/L的水合氯醛溶液5 mL/kg,待深度麻醉后將其固定于立體定位儀(瑞沃德)上,在顱骨正中頂端開口后剝離組織露出清晰的前囟,將長(zhǎng)度為1.5 cm的不銹鋼外導(dǎo)管(22 gauge)放置于雙側(cè)BLA 區(qū)的上方(前囟后2.8 mm,左右旁開各5.2 mm,深度7.5 mm),用416膠和自凝牙托粉固定導(dǎo)管,并用不銹鋼內(nèi)芯封閉導(dǎo)管,以免外部雜物堵塞導(dǎo)管。
1.3動(dòng)物分組及局部微量注射
將埋管后大鼠隨機(jī)分為8組,實(shí)驗(yàn)組分別于不同時(shí)間經(jīng)BLA微量注射retigabine或XE-991,其對(duì)照組注射生理鹽水。微量注射器通過聚乙烯管與注射用內(nèi)管相連接,注射用內(nèi)管深入到BLA區(qū)域。實(shí)驗(yàn)組使用微量蠕動(dòng)泵以0.25 μL/min恒定流量將retigabine(5 μmol/L,每側(cè)0.75 μL)[13]或XE-991(1 μmol/L,每側(cè)0.75 μL)[14]緩慢注射到BLA中,對(duì)照組注射等量生理鹽水。給藥20~30 min后進(jìn)行CTA實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.4CTA實(shí)驗(yàn)
實(shí)驗(yàn)開始前大鼠先禁水24 h,然后進(jìn)行適應(yīng)。在適應(yīng)時(shí),準(zhǔn)備兩個(gè)裝有15 mL自來水的吸管,讓大鼠飲用10 min;兩管交換位置,再讓大鼠飲用10 min。每天定時(shí)進(jìn)行適應(yīng),共適應(yīng)4 d。第5天進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,準(zhǔn)備兩個(gè)相同的吸管,各裝有2 g/L的甜味劑15 mL,讓大鼠飲用10 min。20 min后腹腔注射100 mmol/L LiCl(2 mL,100 g),24 h后進(jìn)行測(cè)試,測(cè)試前經(jīng)埋管注射生理鹽水或retigabine或XE-991,觀察給藥對(duì)CTA記憶的影響。
用厭惡指數(shù)(AI)來定量評(píng)價(jià)CTA記憶,AI=消耗的水的量/消耗的水和甜味劑的總量×100%。以50%作為隨機(jī)臨界點(diǎn),AI越高說明味覺厭惡記憶越好。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用Graph Pad Prism 6.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果以±s形式表示,兩組之間AI比較采用雙尾t檢驗(yàn),各組AI與臨界值50%相比較采用單樣本t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有顯著性。
2結(jié)果
2.1BLA注射retigabine對(duì)大鼠CTA記憶的影響
訓(xùn)練前注射retigabine組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(41.39±15.75)%和(72.65±18.69)%(n=7),注射retigabine組大鼠和注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比AI明顯下降,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.384,P<0.05);注射retigabine組大鼠AI與臨界值50%相比差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。CTA記憶提取前注射retigabine組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(81.22±10.43)%和(74.17±18.02)%(n=7),兩組大鼠AI比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05);注射retigabine組大鼠AI明顯高于臨界值50%(t=7.329,P<0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,BLA注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動(dòng)劑retigabine抑制大鼠CTA記憶的獲取,但不影響CTA記憶的提取。
2.2BLA注射XE-991對(duì)大鼠CTA記憶的影響
訓(xùn)練前注射XE-991組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(78.75±21.94)%和(81.66±17.39)%(n=7),CTA記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(77.43±21.10)%和(74.30±15.03)%(n=7)。訓(xùn)練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠與注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比,AI差異均無顯著性(P>0.05);訓(xùn)練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠AI均高于臨界值50%(t=3.707、3.184,P<0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,BLA注射Kv7鉀離子通道拮抗劑XE-991不影響大鼠CTA記憶的獲取以及提取。
3討論
已發(fā)現(xiàn)人類有70多種鉀離子通道,其中Kv7即KCNQ鉀離子通道激活產(chǎn)生的電流是一種時(shí)間和電壓依賴性、低閾值、非失活的鉀電流,它在神經(jīng)元?jiǎng)幼麟娢坏拈撝蹈浇患せ?,?duì)于調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元興奮性和神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)發(fā)放頻率起重要作用[15]。當(dāng)神經(jīng)元除極化產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作電位時(shí),由于Kv7/KCNQ鉀離子通道被激活后會(huì)持續(xù)開放,鉀離子外流促使神經(jīng)元膜電位快速回到靜息狀態(tài),從而導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元興奮性降低。因此,增強(qiáng)Kv7/KCNQ鉀離子通道的激活可能在一定程度上會(huì)降低神經(jīng)元興奮性,反之抑制該通道則會(huì)促進(jìn)膜電位除極化,增強(qiáng)神經(jīng)元興奮性,誘導(dǎo)更多神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的發(fā)放[16-17]。
KCNQ通道對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)記憶起著重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,其介導(dǎo)的電壓依賴性鉀電流為M電流。M1型膽堿受體的激動(dòng)劑可通過抑制M電流增加BLA神經(jīng)元的興奮性[18]。激活CA1錐體細(xì)胞上表達(dá)的M1型受體也可以抑制Kv7鉀離子通道[5,19]。KCNQ2亞基突變的小鼠出現(xiàn)多動(dòng)、認(rèn)知改變、腦形態(tài)學(xué)改變以及海馬依賴的空間記憶損害等表現(xiàn)[20]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),注射KCNQ通道拮抗劑XE-991可增強(qiáng)恐懼記憶,而注射KCNQ通道激動(dòng)劑retigabine能夠抑制恐懼記憶[13]。條件性恐懼記憶和CTA記憶是實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用的兩種情緒記憶行為學(xué)范式,被廣泛用于情緒記憶獲取、鞏固、提取、消退過程及其機(jī)制的研究[21]。本研究采用CTA行為范式觀察KCNQ鉀離子通道對(duì)情緒記憶獲取和提取過程的調(diào)節(jié)作用,結(jié)果表明,激活KCNQ通道抑制大鼠CTA記憶的獲取,但對(duì)記憶的提取無影響。KCNQ通道激活對(duì)CTA記憶獲取的阻斷作用可能與BLA神經(jīng)元的興奮性受抑有關(guān)。
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(本文編輯馬偉平)
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2023年3期