吳琴
【摘要】目的:研究預(yù)見性護(hù)理對(duì)甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及患者滿意度的影響。方法:選取本院外科于2021年1月—2022年7月收治的甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者60例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(30例)和觀察組(30例),對(duì)照組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者采用常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者采用預(yù)見性護(hù)理,對(duì)比兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者的患者護(hù)理滿意度、住院相關(guān)指標(biāo)、疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。結(jié)果:預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者總滿意度高于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05)。預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05)。預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者VAS疼痛評(píng)分、PSQI量表評(píng)分低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05)。預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥總發(fā)生率低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:預(yù)見性護(hù)理對(duì)甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及患者滿意度具有積極影響,因此預(yù)見性護(hù)理更具推廣價(jià)值。
【關(guān)鍵詞】甲狀腺癌;預(yù)見性護(hù)理;護(hù)理滿意度;術(shù)后并發(fā)癥
Effect of predictive nursing on complications and patient satisfaction after radical thyroidectomy
WU Qin
Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Department of Surgery, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
【Abstract】Objective: To study the effect of predictive nursing on complications and patient satisfaction after radical thyroidectomy. Method: Sixty patients undergoing radical resection of thyroid cancer admitted to the Department of Surgery of our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected and randomly divided into control group (30 cases) and observation group (30 cases). Patients undergoing radical resection of thyroid cancer in the control group received routine nursing, while patients undergoing radical resection of thyroid cancer in the observation group received predictive nursing. The nursing satisfaction, hospitalization related indexes, pain and sleep quality scores, and postoperative complications of patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy were compared between the two groups. Results: The total satisfaction of patients with radical thyroidectomy under predictive nursing was higher than that under conventional nursing, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The hospitalization time and hospitalization cost of patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy under predictive nursing were lower than those of conventional nursing, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The VAS pain score and PSQI scale score of patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy under predictive nursing were lower than those of conventional nursing, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of incision infection, nerve injury and hypocalcemia in patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy under predictive nursing was lower than that in conventional nursing, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Predictive nursing has positive effects on postoperative complications and patient satisfaction after radical thyroidectomy. Therefore, predictive nursing is more valuable to popularize.
【Key Words】Thyroid carcinoma; Predictive care; Nursing satisfaction; Postoperative complication
甲狀腺癌在青壯年群體中的發(fā)病概率高于其他年齡段,多為單側(cè)單個(gè)腫瘤,碘缺乏或過量、放射線、激素水平異常、甲狀腺腫物質(zhì)過多、其他疾病、遺傳等因素均可誘發(fā)該病[1]。甲狀腺癌患者早期多無明顯癥狀,中晚期患者癥狀包括腹瀉、心悸、面色潮紅、腫塊硬而固定、聲音嘶啞、呼吸、吞咽困難、疼痛、局部淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移等[2]。臨床上可以通過B超、核素掃描、CT和磁共振成像、甲狀腺穿刺活檢、血液檢查等方法診斷,確診后可以采用手術(shù)治療、內(nèi)分泌治療、放射性核素治療、放射外照射治療,也可以采用微波、激光、射頻等物理消融方法或介入治療[3-4]。本院外科于2021年11月—2022年7月收治的60例甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者中,觀察預(yù)見性護(hù)理對(duì)甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及患者滿意度的影響。報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料
于2021年1月—2022年7月本院外科收治的甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者中隨機(jī)選取60例,隨機(jī)分為兩組。觀察組,男14例,女16例,年齡45~63歲,平均年齡(54.10±4.39)歲;對(duì)照組,男12例,女18例,年齡44~65歲,平均年齡(54.73±4.60)歲。一般資料對(duì)比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)診斷為甲狀腺癌且符合甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)指征的患者;②患者及家屬簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①手術(shù)禁忌癥者;②手術(shù)耐受性差者;③病灶轉(zhuǎn)移者;④精神疾病者。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者采用常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者采用預(yù)見性護(hù)理。(1)常規(guī)護(hù)理。對(duì)甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者進(jìn)行術(shù)前宣教、術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、術(shù)后切口護(hù)理和飲食干預(yù)。宣教主要讓患者對(duì)甲狀腺癌知識(shí)具有基本認(rèn)知,并且了解常見手術(shù)相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備主要對(duì)患者進(jìn)行血常規(guī)、尿常規(guī)等實(shí)驗(yàn)室輔助檢查和影像學(xué)診斷。術(shù)前切口護(hù)理主要做好切口敷料更換工作,術(shù)后飲食干預(yù)主要讓患者在清淡飲食原則下控制碘、鹽、脂肪、糖的攝入量[5]。(2)預(yù)見性護(hù)理。在常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上給予患者預(yù)見性護(hù)理。①并發(fā)癥宣教:讓患者了解切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥發(fā)生的原因,增加患者對(duì)基本及手術(shù)治療的認(rèn)知,做好應(yīng)對(duì)并發(fā)癥的心理準(zhǔn)備。②飲食選擇:術(shù)前應(yīng)該通過減少食用海產(chǎn)品減少碘元素的攝入量,食用鹽應(yīng)該選用無碘鹽,為避免低鈣血癥情況出現(xiàn)應(yīng)該多食用含鈣元素高的食物,多吃豆制品,多飲用牛奶。③藥物干預(yù):讓患者術(shù)后服藥維生素D和補(bǔ)鈣片,補(bǔ)鈣片可以增加鈣元素的攝入量,維生素D可以促進(jìn)鈣元素的吸收。④病情監(jiān)測(cè):對(duì)患者術(shù)后甲狀腺激素水平、心電圖進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),若發(fā)現(xiàn)患者存在低鈣血癥則可以給予葡萄糖酸鈣注射液,患者血鈣指標(biāo)恢復(fù)至正常范圍即停止,避免患者由低鈣血癥轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦哜}血癥,若發(fā)現(xiàn)患者出現(xiàn)癲癇、抽搐、痙攣情況則立即通知醫(yī)師進(jìn)行處理。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
對(duì)比兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者的護(hù)理滿意度、住院相關(guān)指標(biāo)、疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。①患者總滿意度為非常滿意和滿意之和。②住院相關(guān)指標(biāo)包括住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用。③疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分分別采用VAS視覺模擬評(píng)分法、PSQI量表評(píng)價(jià),滿分10分、21分[6]。④術(shù)后并發(fā)癥包括切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者護(hù)理滿意度對(duì)比
預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者總滿意度高于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者住院相關(guān)指標(biāo)對(duì)比
預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分對(duì)比
預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者VAS疼痛評(píng)分、PSQI量表評(píng)分低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況對(duì)比
預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥總發(fā)生率低于常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異顯著(P<0.05),見表4。
本文實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者總滿意度為93.33%,與常規(guī)護(hù)理相比較顯著升高,可見甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者對(duì)預(yù)見性護(hù)理更滿意;預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者住院時(shí)間、住院費(fèi)用分別為(7.42±1.68)d、(3746.40±115.81)元,與常規(guī)護(hù)理相比較顯著下降,可見預(yù)見性護(hù)理能夠顯著減少甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者的住院時(shí)間和住院費(fèi)用;預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者VAS疼痛評(píng)分、PSQI量表評(píng)分分別為(1.45±0.20)分、(5.62±1.81)分,與常規(guī)護(hù)理相比較顯著下降,可見預(yù)見性護(hù)理能夠顯著緩解甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者疼痛、改善甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者睡眠質(zhì)量;預(yù)見性護(hù)理下甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)患者切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥總發(fā)生率為3.33%,與常規(guī)護(hù)理相比較切口感染、神經(jīng)損傷、低鈣血癥各項(xiàng)并發(fā)癥顯著減少,因此預(yù)見性護(hù)理的安全性更高。
綜上所述,預(yù)見性護(hù)理對(duì)甲狀腺癌根治術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及患者滿意度具有積極影響,因此預(yù)見性護(hù)理更具推廣價(jià)值。
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