李亞楠,張賢君,張寧,梁雅琳,張宇星,招華興,李紫聰,黃思秀
過表達(dá)組蛋白H3K9me3去甲基化酶對(duì)豬克隆胚胎發(fā)育的影響
李亞楠1,2,3,張賢君1,2,3,張寧1,2,3,梁雅琳1,2,3,張宇星1,2,3,招華興1,2,3,李紫聰1,2,3,黃思秀1,2,3
1. 華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)學(xué)院,國(guó)家生豬種業(yè)工程技術(shù)研究中心,廣州 510642 2. 畜禽育種國(guó)家地方聯(lián)合工程研究中心,廣州 510642 3. 廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物基因組學(xué)與分子育種重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣州 510642
組蛋白異常修飾是克隆胚胎發(fā)育的重要制約因素,組蛋白H3K9me3去甲基化酶KDM4家族的過表達(dá)可以有效提高克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率。為探究過表達(dá)H3K9me3去甲基化酶對(duì)豬克隆胚胎發(fā)育的影響,本研究在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期和2-細(xì)胞期分別注射mRNA和mRNA檢測(cè)胚胎的囊胚率;收集1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水(對(duì)照組)的2-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎檢測(cè)H3K9me3表達(dá)水平;此外,收集1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水的4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎進(jìn)行單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序,并對(duì)測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行GO與KEGG富集分析。結(jié)果顯示:在1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA 的豬克隆胚胎囊胚率顯著高于對(duì)照組(25.32 ± 0.74%14.78 ± 0.87%),注射mRNA對(duì)豬克隆胚胎囊胚率無(wú)明顯作用(16.27 ± 0.77%14.78 ± 0.87%);在2-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和mRNA的克隆胚胎囊胚率與對(duì)照組相比均無(wú)顯著差異(32.18 ± 1.67%、30.04 ± 0.91%31.22 ± 1.40%)。在1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA的克隆胚胎組蛋白H3K9me3表達(dá)水平低于對(duì)照組。通過測(cè)序,篩選出133個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因,其中上調(diào)基因52個(gè)、下調(diào)基因81個(gè),GO分析主要富集到與蛋白質(zhì)定位相關(guān)的通路,KEGG分析富集到細(xì)胞衰老和急性髓細(xì)胞白血病等相關(guān)通路。本研究結(jié)果表明,過表達(dá)組蛋白H3K9me3去甲基化酶KDM4A可以顯著提高豬克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率。
豬;克隆胚胎;H3K9me3;KDM4A;KDM4D
豬克隆技術(shù)已成功應(yīng)用于優(yōu)良種群擴(kuò)繁、瀕危物種的保護(hù)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,但目前豬()的克隆效率只有1%~5%左右[1],嚴(yán)重限制了豬克隆技術(shù)的發(fā)展。大量研究表明,異常的表觀遺傳修飾是導(dǎo)致克隆胚胎異常發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵原因[2],主要包括DNA甲基化、組蛋白修飾、X染色體失活、基因組印記和染色質(zhì)重塑等。
組蛋白甲基化是胚胎發(fā)育過程中十分重要的組蛋白修飾,涉及基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的激活和抑制。H3K9me3是轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制的組蛋白修飾標(biāo)記,受組蛋白甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶和組蛋白去甲基化酶的調(diào)節(jié),是引起克隆胚胎重編程障礙的關(guān)鍵表觀遺傳修飾[3]。KDM4是最大的去甲基化酶亞家族之一,該家族主要包含4個(gè)成員(KDM4A-D),其中KDM4A和KDM4D均能使H3K9me3去甲基化,激活基因表達(dá)。Chung等[4]發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達(dá)KDM4A能夠有效降低H3K9me3活性并顯著提高克隆胚胎的囊胚率,從而提高人類核移植衍生胚胎干細(xì)胞的生產(chǎn)效率。Matoba等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)與小鼠()2-細(xì)胞期體外受精胚胎相比,克隆胚胎的重編程抗性區(qū)域存在高水平的H3K9me3,在1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA對(duì)H3K9me3 進(jìn)行去甲基化,重編程了大多數(shù)重編程抗性區(qū)域,并且大幅提高了克隆效率。過表達(dá)去甲基化酶從而提高克隆胚胎發(fā)育效率的研究在牛()[6]、綿羊()[7]和猴()[8]上也有報(bào)道。
轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序常用于基因表達(dá)水平的量化以識(shí)別差異表達(dá)基因,可揭示不同水平的細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄并協(xié)助推斷信號(hào)通路[9]。此外,研究人員利用轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序可以詳細(xì)分析表觀遺傳重編程過程中染色質(zhì)和表觀基因的變化[10]。單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序Smart-seq2擴(kuò)增方法可檢測(cè)少量細(xì)胞或胚胎樣品中基因表達(dá)水平的變化。Liu等[11]通過單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序結(jié)合胚胎活檢獲得具有不同發(fā)育潛力的小鼠克隆胚胎轉(zhuǎn)錄譜,成功鑒定出組蛋白去甲基化酶KDM4B和KDM5B是導(dǎo)致克隆胚胎發(fā)育停滯的關(guān)鍵因素。目前,在豬上關(guān)于過表達(dá)基因以提高克隆效率的研究報(bào)道較少。本課題組吳霄等[12]在1-細(xì)胞期注射鼠源mRNA和mRNA未能去除H3K9me3甲基化修飾和有效提高豬克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率。He等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎的和基因表達(dá)水平遠(yuǎn)低于體內(nèi)受精胚胎。因此,本研究通過在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期和2-細(xì)胞期注射豬源mRNA和mRNA,以期去除早期克隆胚胎基因組H3K9me3修飾和提高克隆胚胎發(fā)育效率。另外,本研究對(duì)1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水的4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎進(jìn)行單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序,以探究過表達(dá)H3K9me3去甲基化酶KDM4A對(duì)早期克隆胚胎發(fā)育的影響機(jī)制。
和基因表達(dá)載體由南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司合成;大白豬成體成纖維細(xì)胞采自廣東溫氏食品集團(tuán)新興縣水臺(tái)原種場(chǎng);豬克隆胚胎由廣東溫氏集團(tuán)種豬公司克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。
從NCBI上得到豬(XM_021096835.1)、(XM_003129775.5)基因的編碼區(qū)序列并進(jìn)行密碼子優(yōu)化,利用SnapGene軟件確定雙酶切位點(diǎn),將2個(gè)基因序列構(gòu)建到空載體pcDNA3.1(+)-P2A-eGFP中,由南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司合成2個(gè)質(zhì)粒。
合成得到含有質(zhì)粒的甘油菌,接種于氨芐抗性培養(yǎng)基平板中培養(yǎng)。挑取多個(gè)單克隆菌株于液體培養(yǎng)基中,擴(kuò)增培養(yǎng)后進(jìn)行菌液PCR鑒定,對(duì)鑒定出的菌液按照普通質(zhì)粒DNA小提試劑盒(Endo-free Plasmid Mini Kit II,廣州飛揚(yáng)生物工程有限公司)說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒抽提,再用限制性內(nèi)切酶dIII/I (美國(guó)Thermo Fisher公司)對(duì)質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行雙酶切鑒定。經(jīng)過電泳驗(yàn)證的質(zhì)粒送深圳華大基因進(jìn)行測(cè)序,利用SnapGene軟件比對(duì)序列確定合格的質(zhì)粒。
用限制性內(nèi)切酶I(美國(guó)Thermo Fisher公司)使質(zhì)粒線性化,純化回收線性化DNA后再使用體外轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(mMESSAGE mMGACHINETMT7 UItra,美國(guó)Thermo Fisher公司)對(duì)RNA進(jìn)行加帽和加尾,回收體外轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物,進(jìn)行電泳和濃度鑒定,確定mRNA樣品的質(zhì)量后將濃度調(diào)整至1000 ng/μL。
通過胞漿顯微注射的方法將mRNA和mRNA注射入豬克隆胚胎。本研究進(jìn)行兩種注射:一種是在胚胎激活后4~6 h的1-細(xì)胞期進(jìn)行注射;另一種是在胚胎激活后28~30 h的2-細(xì)胞期進(jìn)行注射。注射胚胎分為4組:組、組、+組(混合注射mRNA和mRNA)、胚胎注射水(美國(guó)Sigma公司)組即對(duì)照組,注射濃度為1000 ng/μL[8,14],每個(gè)胚胎注射的體積為10 pL。體外培養(yǎng)豬克隆胚胎,統(tǒng)計(jì)培養(yǎng)48 h的胚胎卵裂率、148 h的胚胎囊胚率和囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)。
收集在豬1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水的2-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎,用操作液洗3次后轉(zhuǎn)移到固定液中,室溫固定10 min;操作液洗3次后轉(zhuǎn)移到通透液中,室溫通透20 min;操作液洗3次后轉(zhuǎn)移到封閉液中,常溫封閉1 h;操作液洗3次后轉(zhuǎn)移到一抗稀釋液(北京安諾倫生物科技有限公司)中,4℃孵育過夜。操作液洗3次后轉(zhuǎn)移到二抗稀釋液(廣州康龍生物科技有限公司)中,室溫避光孵育1 h;操作液洗3次轉(zhuǎn)移到Hoechst 33342(美國(guó)Sigma公司)中,室溫避光孵育5 min;在載玻片中央滴上20 μL抗熒光猝滅封片液,操作液洗3次后將胚胎轉(zhuǎn)移到載玻片上,蓋上蓋玻片后轉(zhuǎn)移到熒光顯微鏡下拍照。
本研究采用單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序Smart-seq2擴(kuò)增方法,由廣州永極生物科技有限公司完成。收集在豬1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水的4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎,放入含裂解液和RNase Inhibitor的收集管中,隨后快速放入液氮??偣彩占痬RNA注射組和對(duì)照組2組克隆胚胎樣品,每組3管,每管4個(gè)胚胎。
將收集的樣品采用Smart-seq2方法擴(kuò)增生成cDNA,并檢測(cè)cDNA樣品片段分布情況,根據(jù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果將合格的cDNA進(jìn)行文庫(kù)構(gòu)建。質(zhì)量檢測(cè)合格的文庫(kù)在HiSeq Xten測(cè)序儀上進(jìn)行測(cè)序以獲得每個(gè)樣本的原始數(shù)據(jù),過濾掉低質(zhì)量及接頭污染的數(shù)據(jù)獲取高質(zhì)量的原始數(shù)據(jù)(clean reads),并將其比對(duì)到參考基因組序列上。采用THseq軟件根據(jù)比對(duì)的文件對(duì)基因進(jìn)行reads統(tǒng)計(jì)并計(jì)算對(duì)應(yīng)的RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads),RPKM代表每百萬(wàn)reads中來(lái)自某基因每千堿基長(zhǎng)度的reads數(shù)。采用DESeq2軟件計(jì)算值和值,比較基因的RPKM值得到FoldChange值,以|log2(fold change)|>1,-value<0.05為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選差異表達(dá)基因。
使用軟件SPSS25.0對(duì)卵裂率、囊胚率、囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)進(jìn)行單因素方差分析(ANOVA),數(shù)據(jù)以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(Mean ± SEM)的形式表示,不同大寫字母表示差異極顯著(<0.01),不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(0.05)。
從NCBI獲得豬(XM_021096835.1)和(XM_003129775.5)的基因序列,編碼區(qū)大小分別為3201 bp和1929 bp。和編碼區(qū)經(jīng)過密碼子優(yōu)化后全長(zhǎng)序列分別為3210 bp和1938 bp,構(gòu)建到空載體pcDNA3.1(+)-P2A-eGFP(由南京金斯瑞公司提供)中(圖1A),得到pcDNA(+)- P2A-eGFP-和pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-2個(gè)基因表達(dá)載體,長(zhǎng)度分別為9410 bp和8138 bp。pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-表達(dá)載體中的CDS序列用的是亞型XP_020952494.1。本研究對(duì)兩個(gè)載體進(jìn)行dIII/I雙酶切鑒定,雙酶切后pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-長(zhǎng)度分別為3210 bp和6200 bp,pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-長(zhǎng)度分別為1938 bp和6200 bp(圖1B)。這些結(jié)果表明,過表達(dá)載體構(gòu)建成功。
本研究利用限制性內(nèi)切酶I對(duì)pcDNA(+)- P2A-eGFP-和pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-進(jìn)行單酶切處理,純化回收線性化質(zhì)粒后進(jìn)行體外轉(zhuǎn)錄合成mRNA和mRNA。對(duì)體外轉(zhuǎn)錄獲得的mRNA進(jìn)行凝膠電泳,結(jié)果顯示mRNA和mRNA已成功轉(zhuǎn)錄(圖1C)。
在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期和2-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和mRNA,培養(yǎng)克隆胚胎并觀察記錄其發(fā)育情況。1-細(xì)胞期注射的結(jié)果(表1)表明,3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組(、和+)的卵裂率和囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)與對(duì)照組相比無(wú)顯著差異。組的囊胚率相較于對(duì)照組和組都有極顯著的提高(0.01);組和+組的囊胚率與對(duì)照組相比均有提升趨勢(shì)但不顯著。由以上的結(jié)果可知,在1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA能顯著提高豬克隆胚胎的囊胚率,注射mRNA有提升作用。2-細(xì)胞期注射的結(jié)果(表2)表明,3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組的囊胚率與對(duì)照組相比均無(wú)顯著差異;+組與組相比,囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)顯著增加(0.05)。
在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水,培養(yǎng)克隆胚胎至2-細(xì)胞期,隨后對(duì)mRNA注射組和對(duì)照組的2-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎進(jìn)行免疫熒光實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測(cè)組蛋白H3K9me3的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果顯示,mRNA注射組與對(duì)照組相比,H3K9me3熒光信號(hào)強(qiáng)度更弱(圖2),這表明過表達(dá)基因可以降低豬克隆胚胎組蛋白H3K9me3的表達(dá)水平。
圖1 KDM4A和KDM4D過表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建與體外轉(zhuǎn)錄結(jié)果
A:空載體圖譜。B:pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-和pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-雙酶切電泳鑒定結(jié)果。MI:8K DNA Marker;1:pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-雙酶切的電泳條帶;2:未進(jìn)行酶切的質(zhì)粒;3:pcDNA(+)-P2A-eGFP-雙酶切電泳條帶;4:未進(jìn)行酶切的質(zhì)粒。C:mRNA和mRNA體外轉(zhuǎn)錄結(jié)果。MI和MII:5K DNA Marker;1:體外轉(zhuǎn)錄加帽產(chǎn)物;2:體外轉(zhuǎn)錄加尾產(chǎn)物;3:體外轉(zhuǎn)錄加帽產(chǎn)物;4:體外轉(zhuǎn)錄加尾產(chǎn)物。
表1 1-細(xì)胞期注射KDM4A mRNA和KDM4D mRNA對(duì)豬克隆胚胎發(fā)育效率的影響
表示實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)數(shù);囊胚率=囊胚數(shù)/克隆胚胎總數(shù);不同的大寫字母表示差異極顯著(<0.01),不同的小寫字母表示差異顯著(0.05)。
表2 2-細(xì)胞期注射KDM4A mRNA和KDM4D mRNA對(duì)豬克隆胚胎發(fā)育效率的影響
表示實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)數(shù);囊胚率=囊胚數(shù)/2-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎總數(shù);不同的小寫字母表示差異顯著(0.05)。
在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和胚胎注射水,培養(yǎng)豬克隆胚胎至4-細(xì)胞期,隨后收集mRNA注射組和對(duì)照組的4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎,進(jìn)行RNA-seq,對(duì)測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行表達(dá)量分析。結(jié)果顯示,在注射mRNA后的4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎中,的RPKM(reads per kilobase million)高于對(duì)照組(圖3),說(shuō)明本研究注射mRNA過表達(dá)了,同時(shí)表明注射mRNA提高了豬克隆胚胎中的表達(dá)量。
通過對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)估和基因組比對(duì),確定測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)是可信的。利用R軟件DESeq2包對(duì)兩組樣本的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄本進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析,以|log2(fold change)|>1和-value<0.05為篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共篩選出133個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs),其中上調(diào)表達(dá)基因52個(gè),下調(diào)表達(dá)基因81個(gè)(圖4A),差異基因具體信息見附表1。
為進(jìn)一步了解DEGs的功能和探究過表達(dá)基因?qū)?-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎DEGs相關(guān)信號(hào)通路的影響,本研究利用ClusterProfiler包和Gene Ontology數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)DEGs進(jìn)行了GO與KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)富集分析。結(jié)果表明,在DEGs顯著富集程度最高的前20條GO條目中,DEGs數(shù)量最多的前5條包括:定位(localization)、細(xì)胞對(duì)化學(xué)刺激的反應(yīng)(cellular response to chemical stimulus)、細(xì)胞定位(cellular localization)、細(xì)胞質(zhì)溶膠(cytosol)、細(xì)胞器定位(organelle localization)(圖4B)。在DEGs富集程度最高的前20條KEGG信號(hào)通路中,7條顯著富集的信號(hào)通路分別是:晝夜節(jié)律(circadian rhythm)、細(xì)胞衰老(cellular senescence)、MAPK信號(hào)通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、急性髓細(xì)胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia)、Rap1信號(hào)通路(Rap1 signaling pathway)、Ras信號(hào)通路(Ras signaling pathway)、糖尿病并發(fā)癥中的AGE-RAGE信號(hào)通路(AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications) (圖4C)。
圖3 KDM4A基因差異表達(dá)分析
圖4 過表達(dá)KDM4A基因?qū)ωi克隆胚胎影響的轉(zhuǎn)錄組基因表達(dá)分析
A:差異表達(dá)基因火山圖;B:差異表達(dá)基因GO富集分析;C:差異表達(dá)基因KEGG富集分析。
組蛋白H3K9me3是克隆胚胎有效重編程的主要表觀遺傳屏障,降低H3K9me3異常表達(dá)水平增強(qiáng)克隆胚胎發(fā)育能力被大量研究。去甲基化酶KDM4A對(duì)于雌性哺乳動(dòng)物早期胚胎植入及克隆胚胎發(fā)育至關(guān)重要[15,16],Ruan等[17]和Weng等[18]在豬1-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎中注射mRNA有效降低了H3K9me3
表達(dá)水平,提高克隆胚胎的囊胚率。研究指出過表達(dá)可顯著提高植入后胚胎中的表達(dá)水平,導(dǎo)致克隆豬植入后死亡[17]。這表明對(duì)克隆胚胎早期發(fā)育能力有增強(qiáng)作用,但不能增強(qiáng)克隆胚胎體內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)育能力。過表達(dá)可以挽救H3K9me3引起的體細(xì)胞核染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷,提高克隆胚胎發(fā)育能力[19]。Feng等[20]和Zhang等[7]對(duì)牛和羊克隆胚胎顯微注射mRNA,發(fā)現(xiàn)胚胎中H3K9me3水平降低,多功能相關(guān)基因表達(dá)水平提高,從而促進(jìn)克隆胚胎的發(fā)育。本研究在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期和2-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA對(duì)克隆胚胎囊胚率均無(wú)顯著提升,2-細(xì)胞期+共注射組囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)卻得到顯著提高,說(shuō)明去甲基化酶KDM4D可能存在物種特異性,在豬上KDM4D酶活性較低。此外,小鼠和豬序列的Jmj C結(jié)構(gòu)域中存在一定差異[18],這可能是注射mRNA在豬克隆胚胎上幾乎不發(fā)揮作用的重要原因。本研究在豬克隆胚胎2-細(xì)胞期注射mRNA和mRNA均無(wú)法提高克隆胚胎的囊胚率,可能是因?yàn)?-細(xì)胞期注射相較于1-細(xì)胞期對(duì)豬克隆胚胎造成更大的機(jī)械損傷,從而對(duì)胚胎發(fā)育產(chǎn)生不利影響。
小鼠克隆胚胎中基因表達(dá)異常始于2-細(xì)胞期,這對(duì)應(yīng)著小鼠體外受精胚胎的合子基因組激活[5]。Wang等[21]探索發(fā)現(xiàn)原始生殖細(xì)胞中H3K9me3水平較高,而合子形成過程中基因組H3K9me3修飾大量丟失,此后在植入前胚胎發(fā)育過程中H3K9me3標(biāo)記的基因相對(duì)較少且穩(wěn)定,這種H3K9me3修飾的動(dòng)態(tài)模式與Cao等[22]對(duì)豬克隆胚胎的研究結(jié)果相似。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)豬2-細(xì)胞期和4-細(xì)胞期克隆胚胎中H3K9me3水平遠(yuǎn)高于體外受精胚胎[18]。這些研究表明H3K9me3異常水平可能導(dǎo)致胚胎基因組激活不成功和晚期發(fā)育所需的調(diào)節(jié)因子合成不足,最終導(dǎo)致克隆胚胎效率低下。因此,本研究在豬克隆胚胎1-細(xì)胞期過表達(dá),降低H3K9me3異常水平,促使胚胎中H3K9me3修飾更接近正常胚胎,從而改善豬克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率。本研究在分析豬克隆胚胎轉(zhuǎn)錄組差異表達(dá)基因時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)、、、、、、基因在H3K9me3調(diào)控、胚胎發(fā)育及細(xì)胞增殖方面具有一定作用。晝夜節(jié)律調(diào)節(jié)因子基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制與H3K9甲基化有關(guān)。啟動(dòng)子區(qū)異染色質(zhì)標(biāo)記H3K9me3表達(dá)降低時(shí),人胃癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)增加,說(shuō)明受到H3K9me3調(diào)控[23]。轉(zhuǎn)錄受到組蛋白甲基化的影響,Zhao等[24]研究表明通過組蛋白甲基化調(diào)節(jié)因子與H3K9me3結(jié)合介導(dǎo)的異染色質(zhì)形成被轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制,從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖。主要與異染色質(zhì)區(qū)域相關(guān),異染色質(zhì)區(qū)域與核纖層蛋白相互作用。敲除基因?qū)е录?xì)胞中的異染色質(zhì)標(biāo)記H3K9me3在核內(nèi)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤定位[25],從而影響核纖層。據(jù)報(bào)道,(真核生物翻譯起始因子4 E結(jié)合蛋白1)通過抑制細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1表達(dá)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞周期阻滯,影響胚胎發(fā)育[26]。、、在卵母細(xì)胞和胚胎中表達(dá),其中基因的缺失將導(dǎo)致小鼠胚胎死亡[27];通過調(diào)節(jié)磷酸化,維持細(xì)胞代謝平衡,促進(jìn)胚胎發(fā)育[28]。此外,本研究GO富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),mRNA注射組與對(duì)照組的豬克隆胚胎差異表達(dá)基因功能主要集中在定位,可能是去甲基化酶行使功能前的細(xì)胞定位。據(jù)報(bào)道,定位于卵母細(xì)胞、顆粒細(xì)胞及卵泡膜細(xì)胞上的基因表達(dá)可能影響體外受精胚胎發(fā)育,影響妊娠結(jié)果[29]。KDM4D蛋白在染色質(zhì)上的定位促進(jìn)H3K9me3的甲基化[30]。KEGG富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),差異表達(dá)基因集中在細(xì)胞衰老和急性髓細(xì)胞白血病相關(guān)通路,表明可能通過去甲基化操控細(xì)胞增殖,改善克隆胚胎的發(fā)育能力。Zhang等[31]發(fā)現(xiàn)減少H3K9me3甲基化,保持細(xì)胞周期停滯從而減少細(xì)胞衰老。在急性髓細(xì)胞白血病患者細(xì)胞系中敲低基因顯著抑制白血病細(xì)胞增殖,說(shuō)明對(duì)急性髓細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞自我更新和存活具有重要作用[32]。
表觀遺傳重編程障礙是限制克隆技術(shù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的一個(gè)難題,異常的表觀遺傳修飾大大降低克隆胚胎效率。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)通過組蛋白去乙?;敢种苿┨幚韀33,34]、過表達(dá)組蛋白去甲基化酶[35]、敲除或者干擾基因的表達(dá)[36,37]等方法可修復(fù)異常表觀遺傳修飾,提高克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率。然而,重編程障礙往往是由多個(gè)異常表觀遺傳修飾導(dǎo)致,因此有研究通過聯(lián)合多種修復(fù)手段以加強(qiáng)修復(fù)效果。Matoba等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)TSA與聯(lián)合處理小鼠克隆胚胎比TSA單獨(dú)處理克隆胚胎能更大幅度地提高囊胚率(87.5%53.8%)。隨后Matoba等[38]使用突變體的供體細(xì)胞和mRNA注射聯(lián)合處理小鼠克隆胚胎,極大地提高了克隆小鼠出生率(1.2%~1.8%18.7%~23.5%)。由此可見,通過聯(lián)合多種修復(fù)手段提高克隆效率是一種可取的研究策略。
總之,本研究通過過表達(dá)組蛋白H3K9me3去甲基化酶KDM4A顯著提高了豬克隆胚胎的發(fā)育效率,這對(duì)于體外胚胎生產(chǎn)具有重大意義。另一方面,由于去甲基化酶的mRNA獲得成本較高,這種方法在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中不能得到大規(guī)模應(yīng)用。因此,利用其他更高效的策略修復(fù)克隆胚胎異常表觀遺傳修飾以提高克隆胚胎發(fā)育能力仍待進(jìn)一步研究。
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Effects of overexpression of histone H3K9me3 demethylase on development of porcine cloned embryos
Yanan Li1,2,3, Xianjun Zhang1,2,3, Ning Zhang1,2,3, Yalin Liang1,2,3, Yuxing Zhang1,2,3, Huaxing Zhao1,2,3, Zicong Li1,2,3, Sixiu Huang1,2,3
The abnormal modification of histone is an important factor restricting development of porcine cloned embryos. Overexpression of histone H3K9me3 demethylase KDM4 family can effectively improve the developmental efficiency of cloned embryos. In order to explore the effects of overexpression of H3K9me3 demethylase on the development of porcine cloned embryos,mRNA andmRNA were injected respectively into porcine cloned embryos at the 1-cell stage and 2-cell stage to detect the blastocyst rate; 2-cell stage cloned embryos injected withmRNA and embryo injection water (the control group) at the 1-cell stage were collected to detect the expression level of H3K9me3, and 4-cell stage cloned embryos were collected for single cell transcriptome sequencing, then the sequencing data was analyzed with KEGG and GO. The results showed that the blastocyst rate of porcine cloned embryos injected withmRNA at 1-cell stage was significantly higher than that of the control group (25.32 ± 0.74%14.78 ± 0.87%), while cloned embryos injected withmRNA had a similar blastocyst rate with cloned embryos in control group (16.27 ± 0.77%14.78 ± 0.87%). Porcine cloned embryos injected withmRNA andmRNA at 2-cell stage had a similar blastocyst rate with cloned embryos in control group (32.18 ± 1.67%, 30.04 ± 0.91%31.22 ± 1.40%). The expression level of H3K9me3 in cloned embryos injected withmRNA at 1-cell stage was lower than that in control group. There were 133 differentially expressed genes detected by transcriptome sequencing, including 52 up-regulated genes and 81 down-regulated genes. Pathways enriched by GO analyses were mainly related to protein localization. Pathways enriched by KEGG analyses were related to cellular senescence and acute myeloid leukemia. These results suggest that overexpression of histone H3K9me3 demethylase KDM4A can significantly improve the developmental efficiency of porcine cloned embryos.
pig; cloning embryo; H3K9me3; KDM4A; KDM4D
2022-07-18;
2022-11-08;
2022-11-28
廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2019B1515210027),廣東特支計(jì)劃本土創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2019BT02N630)和廣東省畜禽地方品種保護(hù)與開發(fā)利用提升工程項(xiàng)目資助[Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B1515210027), Guangdong Special Support Plan Local Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team (No. 2019BT02N630) and Guangdong Province Livestock and poultry Local Breed Protection and Development and Utilization Promotion Project]
李亞楠,在讀碩士研究生,專業(yè)方向:動(dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖。E-mail: li321736803@163.com
黃思秀,碩士,助理研究員,研究方向:動(dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖。E-mail: sxhuang815@scau.edu.cn
10.16288/j.yczz.22-244
(責(zé)任編委: 李明洲)