吳沈輝,宋明
帶有量子修正的Zakharov方程的精確非線性波解
吳沈輝,宋明*
(紹興文理學(xué)院 數(shù)理信息學(xué)院, 浙江 紹興 312000)
利用動力系統(tǒng)定性理論和分支方法,研究了帶有量子修正的Zakharov方程的精確非線性波解,給出了不同參數(shù)條件下的相圖,沿相圖中的特殊軌道進行了積分,得到量子Zakharov方程的4個孤立波解、7個奇異波解和24個周期波解共3類非線性波解。當(dāng)參數(shù)取特殊值時,對部分周期波解取極限,給出了周期波解演化為相應(yīng)的孤立波解和奇異波解的過程。
分支方法;修正Zakharov方程;非線性波解
1972年,ZAKHAROV[1]提出了可用于描述高頻Langmuir波和低頻等離子波之間非線性相互作用的Zakharov方程,此為等離子體物理中的重要方程組。在一維情況下,經(jīng)典的Zakharov方程為
近年來,眾多學(xué)者致力于研究經(jīng)典等離子體中的物理現(xiàn)象。考慮量子效應(yīng),用經(jīng)典模型進行描述不夠精確,GARCIA等[2]利用量子流體方法得到帶有量子修正的Zakharov方程:
首先,利用動力系統(tǒng)分支方法和定性理論[10-20]研究量子Zakharov方程的非線性波解,討論不同參數(shù)取值范圍內(nèi)行波解的存在性。其次,通過行波變換將方程轉(zhuǎn)至平面系統(tǒng),確定不同參數(shù)條件下奇點的類型,并借助Mathematica軟件得到系統(tǒng)的分支相圖,分別對相圖中的同宿軌道、異宿軌道和周期軌道進行積分,得到對應(yīng)的孤立波解、奇異波解和周期波解。最后,給出當(dāng)參數(shù)取極限時周期波解演化為孤立波解和奇異波解的過程。
采用變換:
將式(2)轉(zhuǎn)化為
將式(4)的第2式求導(dǎo)后代入第1式,并對第3式積分2次,得
設(shè)
將式(6)代入式(5)的第1式,得
將式(6)代入式(5)的第2式,得
對式(9)積分,得到2個哈密頓函數(shù):
令
根據(jù)動力系統(tǒng)定性理論,利用Mathmatica軟件,得到式(9)的相圖(圖1)。
圖1 在不同參數(shù)下式(9)的相圖
由式(3),得到2個孤立波解:
2個奇異波解:
利用式(3),得到2個周期波解:
利用式(3),得到2個周期波解:
利用式(3),得到8個周期波解:
利用式(3),得到3個奇異波解:
利用式(3),得到2個孤立波解:
2個奇異波解:
利用式(3),得到2個周期波解:
利用式(3),得到2個周期波解:
利用式(3),得到8個周期波解:
當(dāng)參數(shù)取特殊值時,對周期波解取極限,得到相應(yīng)的孤立波解和奇異波解。
圖2 當(dāng)時,周期波解式(27)孤立波解式(16)
圖3 當(dāng)時,周期波解式(37)孤立波解式(16)
圖4 當(dāng)時,周期波解式(28)奇異波解式(17)
圖5 當(dāng)時,周期波解式(38)奇異波解式(17)
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Exact nonlinear wave solutions for the modified Zakharov equation with a quantum correction
WU Shenhui, SONG Ming
(,,312000,,)
bifurcation method; the modified Zakharov equation; nonlinear wave solutions
O 175.29
A
1008?9497(2023)01?030?08
2021?09?23.
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(11775146).
吳沈輝(1997—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-0769,男,碩士研究生,主要從事微分方程非線性波解研究,E-mail:wsh56314@163.com.
通信作者,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-4923,E-mail:songming12_15@163.com.