業(yè)主單位：Vardemuseerne

主創(chuàng)建筑師 : Bjarke Ingels,Ole Elkj?r-Larsen,Finn N?rkj?r

項目主管 : Frederik Lyng

項目建筑師 : Frederik Skou Jensen

合作方：Johansson &Kalstrup,Tinker Imagineers,BIG Landscape

面積 : 1 600 平方米

項目年份 : 2022 年

攝影師 ：Rasmus Hjortshoj

Client: Vardemuseerne

Partners-in-Charge: Bjarke Ingels,Ole Elkj?r-Larsen,Finn N?rkj?r

Project Leader: Frederik Lyng

Project Architect: Frederik Skou Jensen

Collaborators: Johansson &Kalstrup,Tinker Imagineers,BIG Landscape

Area: 1 600 m2

Project year: 2022

Photography: Rasmus Hjortshoj

丹麥難民博物館FLUGT位于丹麥二戰(zhàn)期間最大的難民營所在地“奧克斯伯爾區(qū)（Oksb?l）”，其致力于為世界各地的難民發(fā)聲，并意在捕捉流離失所的人們所共同面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)、情感顛簸、精神考驗及各自的故事等。繼丹麥西海岸的提爾皮茨博物館（Tirpitz Museum）的開幕后，丹麥難民博物館 FLUGT是 BIG 為 Vardemuseerne 所設(shè)計的第二個博物館。Vardemuseerne是一個致力于考古、傳播和收集區(qū)域當(dāng)?shù)貧v史知識的本土研究機構(gòu)。此外，在這一項目中，BIG與工程團(tuán)隊Ingeni?r’ne、展覽體驗設(shè)計團(tuán)隊Tinker Imagineers共同合作，將這個曾經(jīng)的難民營中僅存的少數(shù)建筑之一“醫(yī)院大樓”改造、擴建為一個 1 600 平方米的博物館。

博物館所在的瓦德自治市（Varde Kommune）曾一度成為丹麥第五大的城市，僅有位于奧克斯伯爾區(qū)的少數(shù)難民營留存至今。雖然難民營已經(jīng)消失，但是人們顛沛流離地前往一個新國家的歷史故事依舊重要。項目中，該難民營曾經(jīng)的醫(yī)院大樓由兩棟長型建筑組成，而BIG則在這兩棟建筑之間添加了一個柔和的蜿蜒體量，由此在空間和時間維度上將兩棟分離的建筑聯(lián)系在了一起，構(gòu)筑了全新的丹麥難民博物館FLUGT，并在原有的建筑基礎(chǔ)上增添了500平方米的空間，從而創(chuàng)造了一個從遠(yuǎn)處就可以識別的獨特結(jié)構(gòu)。

新筑的彎曲體量仿佛被輕輕地拉向街道，由此為博物館參觀者創(chuàng)造了一個引人入勝的抵達(dá)空間。此外，新筑部分的立面由耐候鋼覆蓋，從而延伸了已有醫(yī)院大樓的紅磚的色彩，并給人以賓至如歸的感覺。從外面看，博物館抽象的體量迎接著參觀者走入看似封閉的入口大廳。當(dāng)參觀者進(jìn)入建筑后，他們將透過從地板延伸至天花板的通高弧形玻璃墻，看向曾經(jīng)難民營的所在地，并欣賞現(xiàn)在此處所有的遮陰綠色庭院及森林。同時，庭院的設(shè)計讓光線可以自然地流入大廳空間，而大廳空間既可以是入口大堂也可以是臨時展覽空間，由此游客在這里可以開始他們的參觀之旅，并繼續(xù)進(jìn)入博物館的側(cè)翼了解更多關(guān)于難民的故事。

Located at the site of Denmark’s largest Refugee camp from World War II,FLUGT,gives a voice and a face to refugees worldwide and captures the universal challenges,emotions,spirit and stories shared by displaced humans.FLUGT is BIG’s second museum for Vardemuseerne: a local institution dedicated to archaeology,dissemination,and collection of historical knowledge about the region.BIG has adapted and extended one of the camp’s few remaining structures– a hospital building– into a 1 600 m2museum.

At its peak,the camp became the fifth-largest city of Denmark at the time.Today,little of the camp in Oksb?l remains,but the story of arriving at the doorstep of a new country is as relevant as ever.The former hospital,which is transformed into FLUGT,is comprised of two elongated buildings.BIG has connected the two buildings architecturally and historically by adding a soft curve-shaped volume which brings 500 m2of additional space to the museum and creates a welcoming structure,visible from afar.

The curve is gently pulled towards the street to create an inviting arrival moment for the museum visitors.Clad in Corten steel,the structure feels at home along the red bricks of the former hospital buildings.From outside,the abstract volume welcomes visitors into what appears to be a closed entry hall.Upon entering,a floor-to-ceiling curved glass wall reveals a view of a sheltered green courtyard and the forest,where the refugee camp used to be.The courtyard lets light flow into the entry hall that functions as a lobby or a temporary exhibition space for guests to experience before continuing their journey into one of the museum wings.

博物館北翼的展覽區(qū)囊括了根據(jù)醫(yī)院原有流線、走道設(shè)計改造的全新畫廊空間。雖然大部分的病房墻體已被拆除，但是建筑師仍保留了部分內(nèi)墻的完整，并通過強化其三處橫截面以固定老舊的墻體，以此創(chuàng)造了更大的展覽空間。博物館南翼則設(shè)有靈活布置的會議室、小型展覽空間、咖啡廳及服務(wù)功能區(qū)。在南翼空間中，白色的墻壁及空間交界處由白色油漆木板裝點，并且這些白色木板紋理方向根據(jù)天花板線的變化而變化。此外，博物館層主要由黃磚裝點，從而連接了屬于這里的過去與現(xiàn)在。

丹麥難民博物館FLUGT的設(shè)計不僅保存并再利用了原有的醫(yī)院大樓，并且強調(diào)了其歷史價值，這一建筑還延長了現(xiàn)有架構(gòu)的使用壽命，同時也幫助BIG促成了減少浪費、節(jié)約能源、減少材料制造及運輸方面的碳足跡的設(shè)計使命。

由BIG景觀部門設(shè)計的庭院為博物館的內(nèi)外空間營造了靜謐的感官體驗。庭院的中心有著一個鏡池，由此映射著天空的色彩。此外，建筑師還在場地盆地周圍種有當(dāng)?shù)赜忻闹参镏闶℉eather），從而強調(diào)了這一區(qū)域的特色。參觀者將在此體驗丹麥歷史上重要的場所，并對難民們的經(jīng)歷產(chǎn)生全新的的反思。

The exhibition area in the north wing contains gallery spaces organized according to the original flow/circulation in the hospital.While most of the hospital room walls were torn down,some of the inside walls are kept intact and stabilized by three cross sections,creating larger exhibition spaces.The south wing features a flexible conference room,smaller exhibition spaces,cafe,and back of house functions with the same character and materiality as in the north wing: white walls and intersections covered in white painted wood boards oriented according to the angle ceiling line,as well as yellow bricks across the entire museum floor,connecting past and present structures.

In addition to preserving and reusing the hospital buildings for historical value,extending the lifespan of the existing structures supports BIG’s mission of reducing waste,conserving resources,and creating a smaller carbon footprint as it relates to materials manufacturing and transport.

The courtyard designed by BIG Landscape creates a peaceful sensory experience inside the museum as well as outside.A small mirror pool in the heart of the courtyard reflects the sky above it.Around the basin,heath planting known from the region emphasizes the identity of the area.Visitors leave the museum having experienced a part of an important place in Danish history,with a new perspective on the refugee experience.