文/魏偉
巨野的農(nóng)民畫師以女性為主,從業(yè)人數(shù)逐年增加。圖/高志修Juye’s rural painters are dominated by females,and the number of them increases year by year.
隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,上世紀(jì)70年代,人們對(duì)畫幅裝飾品的需求日益增加,給巨野的繪畫創(chuàng)作帶來巨大商機(jī)。當(dāng)?shù)卣种匾暲L畫產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,不僅創(chuàng)辦工藝美術(shù)廠,為畫師提供創(chuàng)作空間,還開辦工筆畫培訓(xùn)班,培養(yǎng)繪畫創(chuàng)作人才。2000年以來,巨野進(jìn)入全民創(chuàng)作時(shí)代。
菏澤是中國牡丹之都,有“曹州牡丹甲天下”之美譽(yù),巨野的工筆畫因而多以牡丹為主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作題材。工筆牡丹畫是在繼承傳統(tǒng)工筆技法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代工藝手段精工繪制而成,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)精致、絢麗多彩,充分體現(xiàn)出牡丹雍容華貴的特點(diǎn)。
2018年6月,工筆牡丹畫《花開盛世》亮相上海合作組織青島峰會(huì),向國際友人展現(xiàn)了中國書畫的魅力。這幅寬15.5米、高4.2米的畫作,由巨野縣書畫院組織5位農(nóng)民畫師歷時(shí)77天創(chuàng)作而成,是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的工筆畫。當(dāng)年11月,又一幅工筆牡丹畫《錦繡春光》在中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)上與觀眾見面,“巨野制造”再次驚艷世界。
描繪牡丹神韻的巨野工筆牡丹畫,已成為山東地域文化的一張名片。自2018年以來,巨野縣書畫院組織創(chuàng)作的多幅工筆牡丹畫作品,先后亮相上海合作組織青島峰會(huì)、中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)、中國東盟博覽會(huì)、中國林產(chǎn)品交易會(huì)、中國國際文化旅游博覽會(huì)等重大活動(dòng)以及人民大會(huì)堂山東廳、國家會(huì)議中心(上海)國禮展廳等重要場(chǎng)館。
目前,巨野縣共有4個(gè)繪畫專業(yè)鎮(zhèn),44家基層畫院,從事創(chuàng)作、銷售、裝裱、培訓(xùn)等書畫產(chǎn)業(yè)人員達(dá)2萬余人,去年創(chuàng)作繪畫作品120余萬幅,遠(yuǎn)銷美國、法國、澳大利亞、新加坡、韓國等40個(gè)國家和地區(qū),年產(chǎn)值近10億元。
去年6月,寬16米、高4.8米的巨幅工筆牡丹畫《盛世中華》創(chuàng)作完成,成為世界上最大的工筆牡丹畫。隨著工筆牡丹畫尺寸紀(jì)錄被不斷刷新,巨野工筆畫產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷做大,從業(yè)人數(shù)逐年增加,成為鄉(xiāng)村振興的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。
巨野縣是中國著名的工筆畫之鄉(xiāng)和農(nóng)民繪畫之鄉(xiāng)。Juye is the Land of Meticulous Painting and the Land of Peasants’ Painting renowned in China.
巨野通過新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐志愿服務(wù)培訓(xùn)書畫人才。Juye trains calligraphy &painting talents through the volunteer service platform for new era civilization practice.
在永豐街道洪廟村農(nóng)民書畫基地的一處畫室內(nèi),農(nóng)民畫師王善花拿著兩支畫筆交替使用,起稿、勾線、上色,不多時(shí),一朵風(fēng)姿綽約的牡丹便展現(xiàn)在畫卷上?;加袣埣驳耐跎苹ǎ?014年開始師從本土畫師學(xué)習(xí)繪畫,出師后一直堅(jiān)持繪畫,如今生活過得有滋有味?!捌綍r(shí)在家里照顧老人和孩子,空閑的時(shí)候就過來畫畫,能靜心,還有不少收入?!蓖跎苹ㄐχf。
在巨野,女性畫師占到畫師總數(shù)的70%左右,婦女和殘疾人群體成為主要培養(yǎng)對(duì)象。今年44歲的紀(jì)東麗因?yàn)槭钟袣埣?,不好找工作,前幾年,她開始學(xué)習(xí)工筆畫。從最基本的勾線開始學(xué)起,一年后便熟練掌握了工筆畫技法。現(xiàn)在,6平方尺的牡丹畫,她一個(gè)月能畫六七幅。“畫畫比較自由,可以來畫院,也可以在家,風(fēng)吹不著,雨淋不著,家里有事隨時(shí)能顧得上,比去工廠打工強(qiáng)?!奔o(jì)東麗說。
經(jīng)過起稿、勾線、上色后,牡丹花便“盛開”在畫卷上。After drafting,delineating and coloring,peonies“bloom”in a picture.
洪廟村工筆畫帶頭人姚桂元,在2009年成立了全國首個(gè)農(nóng)民繪畫專業(yè)合作社,現(xiàn)有社員500多人。以前扛鋤頭種地的農(nóng)民不僅拿起了畫筆,還有了自己的“工作室”,洪廟村也成為“戶戶有畫師,家家飄墨香”的書畫專業(yè)村?!按迕竦漠嬜饕话阌珊献魃绨凑展潭▋r(jià)格回收,再統(tǒng)一出售,價(jià)格從幾百元到上千元不等。”姚桂元介紹道。
如今的巨野,鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)有書畫院,村村有書畫室,一人帶動(dòng)一家人、一家?guī)?dòng)一村人的情況十分普遍。許多像王善花、紀(jì)東麗一樣的婦女,被培養(yǎng)成能自食其力的農(nóng)民畫師,有效解決了農(nóng)村留守兒童、留守老人、夫妻長期分居等社會(huì)問題。
作為巨野的當(dāng)家畫種,工筆牡丹畫是傳統(tǒng)工筆技法與現(xiàn)代工藝手段結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。As the leading genre of painting in Juye,meticulous peony painting is a combination of traditional meticulous painting technique and modern technology means.
立足書畫產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ),巨野縣通過打造培訓(xùn)基地、組建志愿服務(wù)隊(duì)等舉措,大力發(fā)展書畫產(chǎn)業(yè),放大文化產(chǎn)業(yè)富民效應(yīng),助推鄉(xiāng)村振興。
寬敞明亮的畫室內(nèi),30多架畫板一字排開,30多位畫師握筆的手在畫板上“翩翩起舞”,這是在巨野縣書畫院舉辦的第六期農(nóng)民書畫培訓(xùn)班上的一幕。巨野縣書畫院院長程軍偉介紹,近年來,巨野縣書畫院加大對(duì)農(nóng)民畫師的培訓(xùn)力度,年培訓(xùn)畫師3000—5000人次。
依托中國農(nóng)民繪畫之鄉(xiāng)的優(yōu)勢(shì),巨野專門成立了新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐書畫志愿者協(xié)會(huì),通過志愿服務(wù),培訓(xùn)書畫人才,引領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明。書畫志愿者協(xié)會(huì)的150余名畫師經(jīng)常義務(wù)到基層書畫院、書畫室指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民學(xué)員。
今年初,中國工筆畫學(xué)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)中國工筆牡丹畫研究院在巨野成立,并面向全國舉辦“花開菏澤·翰墨麟州”中國工筆牡丹畫作品展;3月,巨野工筆牡丹畫作為中共山東省委宣傳部指定外宣藝術(shù)品走進(jìn)巴西;4月,巨野縣書畫院組織創(chuàng)作的11幅工筆牡丹畫精品入駐匈牙利布達(dá)佩斯魯商會(huì)館……一系列活動(dòng)的舉辦,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了巨野作為中國工筆畫之鄉(xiāng)、中國農(nóng)民繪畫之鄉(xiāng)的知名度、美譽(yù)度和對(duì)外影響力。
如今,書畫產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅成為巨野發(fā)展新型經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)力點(diǎn),也成為農(nóng)民提升文化素質(zhì),引領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)村文明風(fēng)尚的重要載體。在巨野,牡丹花盛開在畫師筆端,幸福感縈繞在人們心間。
Juye County,Heze City,is the Land of Chinese Meticulous Painting and the Land of Chinese Peasants’Painting renowned at home and abroad.Above 80% of meticulous peony paintings sold by large galleries and painting shops nationwide come from Juye.In recent years,based on the brand“Land of Painting”,Juye has given full play to the leading role of the Juye Calligraphy&Painting Academy,combined the promotion and inheritance of its splendid calligraphy &painting culture with rural revitalization,and portrayed a new picture of a thriving industry and rural civilization.
Heze,the Peony Capital of China,enjoys the reputation that“Caozhou’s peony is the finest under heaven”.Thus,most of Juye’s meticulous paintings are themed on the peony.At present,Juye has four painting towns,44 grassroots painting academies,more than 160 training agencies for calligraphy&painting,and more than 20,000 people engaged in the calligraphy&painting industry involving creation,sales,mounting and training.Last year,there were more than 1.2 million paintings created,which were sold in 40 countries and regions including the United States,France,Australia,Singapore,and South Korea,with an annual output value of nearly RMB 1 billion.
With the continuous expansion of Juye’s meticulous painting industry and the rise in those engaged in it year by year,the industry has become a characteristic industry for rural revitalization.In Juye,there are calligraphy &painting academies in every town,and calligraphy&painting studios in every village.It is common for one person to mobilize a family,and a family to mobilize a village.Besides,many rural women have been trained to become independent rural painters.
Based on the foundation of the calligraphy &painting industry,Juye has vigorously developed the industry,magnified the effect of cultural industry enriching people,and boosted rural revitalization and development by means of building training bases and volunteer service teams.Now,the industry has become not only a platform for Juye to develop a new-type economy,but also an important carrier that improves peasants’ cultural quality,and leads rural civilized practices.Peonies“bloom”in painters’ drawings;happiness lingers in people’s minds.