楊芳
【摘 要】目的:研究、討論腦外傷危重癥患者護(hù)理中,將腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理作為方案的臨床意義。方法:選取2020年3月至2021年10月的腦外傷危重患者62例,患者分至不同組別,執(zhí)行奇偶分組法。其中31例歸至參照組,腦外傷常規(guī)護(hù)理。其余31例納入試驗(yàn)組,場內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理。對兩組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)改善情況、預(yù)后情況、胃腸功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)改善情況、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、處理。結(jié)果:(1)各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,干預(yù)前,參照組、試驗(yàn)組數(shù)據(jù)分布較為均衡(P>0.05)干預(yù)后,試驗(yàn)組ALB(血漿白蛋)、PA(血漿前白蛋白)、Hb(血紅蛋白)水平均下降,且較參照組低(P<0.05)。(2)各項(xiàng)預(yù)后情況指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,拔除胃管、經(jīng)口進(jìn)食、住院時(shí)間方面,均為試驗(yàn)組數(shù)值更?。≒<0.05)。(3)各項(xiàng)胃腸功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,干預(yù)前,參照組、試驗(yàn)組差異性較弱(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,試驗(yàn)組胃液pH值、胃液殘留量比參照組低,胃泌素水平比參照組高(P<0.05)。(4)各項(xiàng)并發(fā)癥指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,感染、胃出血、腹瀉等發(fā)生概率方面,均為參照組更高(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:腦外傷危重患者護(hù)理中,將腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理護(hù)理作為措施,價(jià)值顯著?;颊呶改c功能提升的同時(shí),營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)得到改善,并且并發(fā)癥發(fā)生概率減少,預(yù)后效果優(yōu)異。
【關(guān)鍵詞】腦外傷;腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理;危重;臨床價(jià)值
The implementation value of enteral nutrition nursing guidelines in critical patients with brain trauma
YANG Fang
Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
【Abstract】Objective: To study and discuss the clinical significance of enteral nutrition nursing as a scheme in nursing critical patients with brain trauma. Methods: From March 2020 to October 2021, 62 critically ill patients with brain trauma were enrolled. Patients were divided into different groups, and parity grouping was performed. Among them, 31 cases were assigned to the reference group and received routine nursing care for traumatic brain injury. The remaining 31 cases were included in the experimental group, and nutrition nursing was performed on site. The improvement of nutritional indexes, prognosis, improvement of gastrointestinal function related indexes and occurrence of complications in the two groups were counted and processed. Results: (1) According to the analysis of various nutritional indexes, before the intervention, the data distribution of the reference group and the experimental group was relatively balanced(P>0.05).After the intervention, the levels of ALB (plasma white egg), PA (plasma prealbumin) and Hb (hemoglobin) in the experimental group decreased, and were lower than those in the reference group(P<0.05).(2) According to the analysis of various prognostic indicators, the values of extubation, oral feeding and hospital stay in the experimental group are smaller(P<0.05).(3) The analysis of gastrointestinal function related indexes shows that before the intervention, the difference between the reference group and the experimental group is weak(P>0.05).After the intervention, the gastric juice pH and gastric juice residue in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group, and the gastrin level was higher than that in the reference group(P<0.05).(4) Through the analysis of various complications indicators, it can be seen that the occurrence probability of infection, gastrorrhagia and diarrhea is higher than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion: In the nursing of critical patients with brain trauma, enteral nutrition nursing is a significant measure. The patients’ gastrointestinal function was improved, the nutritional index was improved, the probability of complications was reduced, and the prognosis was excellent.
【Key Words】Brain trauma; Enteral nutrition nursing; Critical; Clinical value
腦外傷在臨床較為多見,患者多處于昏迷狀態(tài),嚴(yán)重影響代謝功能。機(jī)體代謝異??烧T發(fā)營養(yǎng)不良,進(jìn)而削弱免疫功能,引發(fā)一些列并發(fā)癥[1]。為此,予以腦外傷危重患者腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理非常關(guān)鍵。臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)支持可恢復(fù)患者腸道健康,糾正代謝紊亂[2]。本研究選入62例腦外傷危重患者,對腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理應(yīng)用其中的臨床意義進(jìn)行研究、分析,報(bào)告如下。
1.1 臨床資料
錄入對象:腦外傷危重患者,62例。錄入最初、最終時(shí)間:2020年3月、2021年10月。奇偶分組法分組。參照組31例,男16例,女15例,年齡26歲~66歲,平均年齡(40.52±1.17)歲;試驗(yàn)組31例,男17例,女14例,年齡25歲~65歲,平均年齡(40.39±1.22)歲。檢驗(yàn)、評析兩組常規(guī)資料,未見突出差異(P>0.05),研究意義存在。選入根據(jù):(1)處于昏迷狀態(tài)患者。(2)存在意識障礙患者。(3)自愿參與本研究患者。排除根據(jù):(1)伴有感染性疾病患者。(2)伴有胃腸道疾病患者。
1.2 方法
參照組:常規(guī)護(hù)理。護(hù)理人員予以患者腸外營養(yǎng)支持。建立靜脈通道,輸注氨基酸、葡萄糖等。干預(yù)1周后,置入胃管,采用鼻飼腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)供給方案。
試驗(yàn)組:予以患者腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理方案,具體內(nèi)容如下表述:(1)置管。腦外傷危重患者多處于昏迷狀態(tài),并且無意識。因此,在置管時(shí)需要兩名或兩名以上護(hù)理人員相互配合。(2)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)提供。予以患者營養(yǎng)液前,需要對其進(jìn)行加溫處理,目的是減少腸痙攣發(fā)生。(3)腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理。營養(yǎng)液輸注前,護(hù)理人員需要對其濃度、用量進(jìn)行調(diào)整,輸注過程中應(yīng)確保速度合適。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
對兩組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)改善情況、預(yù)后情況、胃腸功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)改善情況、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、處理。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(χ±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)改善情況評析
各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,干預(yù)前,參照組、試驗(yàn)組數(shù)據(jù)分布較為均衡(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,試驗(yàn)組ALB、PA、Hb水平均下降,且較參照組低(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組預(yù)后情況評析
各項(xiàng)預(yù)后情況指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,拔除胃管、經(jīng)口進(jìn)食、住院時(shí)間方面,均為試驗(yàn)組數(shù)值更?。≒<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組胃腸功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)改善情況評析
各項(xiàng)胃腸功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,干預(yù)前,參照組、試驗(yàn)組差異性較弱(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,試驗(yàn)組胃液pH值、胃液殘留量比參照組低,胃泌素水平比參照組高(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況評析
各項(xiàng)并發(fā)癥指標(biāo)經(jīng)由分析可知,感染、胃出血、腹瀉等發(fā)生概率方面,均為參照組更高(P<0.05),見表4。
腦外傷多由交通事故、跌倒等外力作用導(dǎo)致。腦外傷患者存在不同程度的昏迷癥狀。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腦外傷患者在昏迷狀態(tài)下,機(jī)體代謝功能難以正常發(fā)揮,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致脂肪、能量被過度消耗。在此情況下,患者機(jī)體免疫功能難以對抗病毒、細(xì)菌入侵,最終誘發(fā)感染,影響預(yù)后效果[3]。
總而言之,在腦外傷危重患者護(hù)理中,采用營養(yǎng)腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理干預(yù)方案,效果理想。除改善患者胃腸道功能、營養(yǎng)狀況外,還可減少并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,縮短患者住院時(shí)間。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[2] 楊楠.早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)護(hù)理對腦外傷昏迷患者的效果探討護(hù)理[J].中國醫(yī)藥指南,2020,18(15):249-250.
[3] 仇爾寧,蘇杭,容耔耘.生長激素聯(lián)合腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)對腦外傷昏迷患者營養(yǎng)狀況的影響研究[J].吉林醫(yī)學(xué),2020,41(1):145-147.