王鳳林
【摘要】 目的:探討心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)中右美托咪定對認(rèn)知功能的保護(hù)價(jià)值及對炎癥因子、術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙(POCD)的影響。方法:選擇2017年1月-2019年10月三河市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院收治的310例心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)患者,按照入院順序編號,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組155例。試驗(yàn)組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定0.5~1.0 μg/kg,持續(xù)10~15 min,對照組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予相同量生理鹽水。比較兩組平均動脈壓、心率、炎癥因子、脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白、認(rèn)知功能評分、認(rèn)知功能障礙發(fā)生率及不良反應(yīng)事件等。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組T1~T5不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)心率均明顯低于對照組,平均動脈壓均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d血清TNF-α和IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平的明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前和術(shù)后7 d(P<0.05),且兩組術(shù)后7 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP的明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 、7 d的MoCA評分均低于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前,兩組術(shù)后7 d的MoCA評分均高于術(shù)后3 d,且試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d的MoCA評分均高于對照組(P<0.05)。術(shù)后3 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為15.48%(24/155),明顯低于對照組的32.90%(51/155)(P<0.05);術(shù)后7 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為8.39%(13/155),明顯低于對照組的20.00%(31/155)(P<0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定可在一定程度上降低心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)誘發(fā)的炎癥反應(yīng),降低POCD發(fā)生率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 心臟瓣膜置換術(shù) 右美托咪定 炎癥反應(yīng) 認(rèn)知功能
Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Cognitive Function and Its Influence on Inflammatory Factors and POCD during Cardiac Valve Replacement/WANG Fenglin. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(04): 068-073
[Abstract] Objective: To study the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine on cognitive function and its influence on inflammatory factors and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) during cardiac valve replacement. Method: A total of 310 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement from January 2017 to October 2019 were selected. According to the sequence of admission, the patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=155) and the control group (n=155). The experimental group was given Dexmedetomidine 0.5-1.0 μg/kg, intravenously for 10-15 minutes before anesthesia induction, while the control group was given the same amount of Normal Saline before anesthesia induction. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, inflammatory factors, cognitive function score, fatty acid binding protein and the incidence of cognitive impairment of two groups were compared. Result: The heart rate of the experimental groups at different time points from T1 to T5 were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the mean arterial pressure were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), central fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and brain fatty acid binding protein (B-FABP) in the experimental group at 3 and 7 d after surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, H-FABP and B-FABP in two groups at 3 d after surgery were significantly higher than those before anesthesia induction and 7 d after surgery (P<0.05), and the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, H-FABP and B-FABP in two groups at 7 d after surgery were significantly higher than those before anesthesia induction (P<0.05). The MoCA scores of two groups at 3 and 7 d after surgery were lower than those before anesthesia induction, the MoCA scores of two groups at 7 d after surgery were higher than those at 3 and 7 d after surgery, and the MoCA scores of the experimental group at 3 and 7 days after surgery were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of POCD in the experimental group on the 3rd day after operation was 15.48% (24/155), which was significantly lower than 32.90% (51/155) in the control group (P<0.05); while the incidence of POCD in the experimental group on the 7th day after operation was 8.39% (13/155), which was significantly lower than 20.00% (31/155) in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous infusion of Dexmedetomidine before induction of anesthesia can reduce the inflammatory response induced by cardiac valve replacement to a certain extent and reduce the incidence of POCD.
[Key words] Cardiac valve replacement Dexmedetomidine Inflammatory response Cognitive function
First-author’s address: Sanhe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hebei Province, Sanhe 065200, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.04.016
術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)是指麻醉誘導(dǎo)術(shù)后發(fā)生記憶力下降、定向思維障礙及社交能力減退等變化的精神紊亂綜合征,輕度表現(xiàn)為認(rèn)知異常,中重度則表現(xiàn)為記憶損傷、語言組織能力缺失甚至人格改變等,嚴(yán)重威脅患者生活質(zhì)量[1-2]。流行病學(xué)顯示,體外循環(huán)心臟手術(shù)的發(fā)病率最高,高達(dá)30%~48%,降低POCD發(fā)生率對緩解術(shù)后精神紊亂和改善患者生活質(zhì)量等具有重要價(jià)值[3]。POCD可能與中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)[4]。右美托咪定是常見的α2腎上腺素受體激動劑,其在鎮(zhèn)靜、消炎、抑制交感神經(jīng)興奮等方面具有良好的作用[5]。Naik等[6]研究表明,靜脈滴注右美托咪定不僅可提高麻醉誘導(dǎo)成功率,而且還可以保護(hù)術(shù)后認(rèn)知,但作用機(jī)制尚未闡明。脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(FABP)在脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和調(diào)節(jié)方面有一定的生理功能,同時(shí)其可通過介導(dǎo)炎癥因子誘發(fā)機(jī)體認(rèn)知功能障礙,右美托咪定負(fù)荷劑量如何影響FABP,進(jìn)而對降低術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙發(fā)生率的研究相對較少[7]。本文在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前應(yīng)用右美托咪定,從炎癥因子、FABP及安全性等方面探索其臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,旨在為臨床研究提供依據(jù)。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選擇2017年1月-2019年10月三河市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院收治的310例心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)患者。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①所有患者均符合心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)手術(shù)指征,且為單瓣置換術(shù);②年齡18~65歲;③病歷資料齊全、完整;④小學(xué)以上文化程度,能正常溝通交流,并可獨(dú)立完成相關(guān)問卷或量表。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并凝血功能障礙、自身免疫疾病;②合并肝、腎功能衰竭;③合并腦出血、腦梗死或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷等既往病史;④長期服用抑郁或鎮(zhèn)靜藥物;⑤術(shù)前認(rèn)知功能障礙;⑥依從性差。按照入院順序編號,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組155例。本研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理學(xué)委員會批準(zhǔn),患者及家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。試驗(yàn)組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定0.5~1.0 μg/kg,持續(xù)10~15 min,對照組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予相同量生理鹽水。
1.2 方法 兩組手術(shù)均由同一團(tuán)隊(duì)完成,入院后所有患者均行常規(guī)檢查,均符合心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)指征,且無凝血功能障礙等疾病,麻醉誘導(dǎo)前30 min,肌肉注射鹽酸嗎啡(生產(chǎn)廠家:東北制藥集團(tuán),批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H21022436,規(guī)格:10 mg/1 mL)10 mg。試驗(yàn)組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20090248,規(guī)格:200 g/2 mL)0.5~1.0 g/kg,持續(xù)10~15 min,對照組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予相同量生理鹽水,然后均行相同的麻醉誘導(dǎo)和心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)。
進(jìn)入麻醉室后,開放外周靜脈通路,連接相關(guān)設(shè)備,實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測兩組心率、心電圖和血氧飽和度等指標(biāo)。橈動脈穿刺置管后,行麻醉誘導(dǎo),分別靜脈注射枸櫞酸舒芬太尼(生產(chǎn)廠家:宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20054171,規(guī)格:1 mL︰50 μg)0.4~0.6 g/kg、依托咪酯脂肪乳注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恩華藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20020511,規(guī)格:10 mL︰20 mg)0.3 mg/kg和咪達(dá)唑侖(生產(chǎn)廠家:宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20067040,規(guī)格:2mL︰2 mg)0.1~5 mg/kg,待患者睫毛反射等非條件反射消失后,繼續(xù)注射維庫溴銨(生產(chǎn)廠家:哈爾濱三聯(lián)藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20084039,規(guī)格:4 mg)0.08~0.1 mg/kg,氣管插管后,行常規(guī)機(jī)械通氣,手術(shù)過程麻醉維持方案:吸入七氟醚(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20070172,規(guī)格:120 mL)1%~2%,靜脈輸注丙泊酚注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:廣東嘉博制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20143369,規(guī)格:50 mL︰1 g)4~12 mg/(kg·h)、瑞芬太尼(生產(chǎn)廠家:宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20030197,規(guī)格:1 mg)2~4 g/(kg·h)和維庫溴銨0.05~0.10 mg/(kg·h),同時(shí)術(shù)中腦電雙頻指數(shù)在40~55,并酌情使用腎上腺素、多巴胺丁醇等藥物維持體內(nèi)正常循環(huán)代謝。心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)采用德國Maquet公司JostraH1.20型號體外循環(huán)機(jī)和美國美敦力公司膜式氧合器,平均動脈壓維持在50~90 mmHg,置換術(shù)期間維持酸堿平衡,維持血流溫度37 ℃左右,手術(shù)結(jié)束后實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測各項(xiàng)生命體征,并及時(shí)恢復(fù)體溫。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 心率和平均動脈壓 分別于給藥前(T0)和給藥后即刻(T1)、切皮后(T2)、劈胸骨后(T3)、體外循環(huán)前(T4)及體外循環(huán)停止10 min(T5)記錄兩組心率和平均動脈壓變化。
1.3.2 血清炎癥因子和脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白 分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前、術(shù)后3 d和術(shù)后7 d采集兩組空腹外周靜脈血4 mL置入EDTA-K2抗凝管,德國SIGMA公司3-18KS型號臺式高速冷凍離心機(jī),離心參數(shù):轉(zhuǎn)速3 000 r/min,離心半徑10 cm,離心時(shí)間10 min,獲得上清液即為血清。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測兩組血清腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、中心型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(H-FABP)和腦型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(B-FABP),試劑盒購自上海恒斐生物科技有限公司,操作均按照試劑盒和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行。
1.3.3 認(rèn)知功能評定 分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前、術(shù)后3 d和術(shù)后7 d應(yīng)用蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評估量表(MoCA)評估兩組認(rèn)知功能,該量表包括記憶、語言、視結(jié)構(gòu)技能、抽象思維、計(jì)算、定向力、注意和集中、執(zhí)行功能8個(gè)維度共11個(gè)條目,總分30分,分值≥26分,即為正常[8]。POCD判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用Newman法,即術(shù)后與術(shù)前測試數(shù)值相比,以術(shù)前兩組MoCA認(rèn)知功能評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為對照,計(jì)算手術(shù)前后各維度評分差值,若出現(xiàn)至少2個(gè)維度差值>1個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,則可判定為POCD[9]。
1.3.4 不良反應(yīng) 記錄兩組圍術(shù)期不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,不良反應(yīng)包括低血壓和心動過緩。
1.4 質(zhì)量控制 雙人復(fù)核采集研究對象年齡、性別、文化程度等,認(rèn)知功能和POCD評定均由同一高年資護(hù)理人員完成,確保評測結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性;離心機(jī)等設(shè)備等均經(jīng)校正和性能驗(yàn)證,以確保數(shù)據(jù)收集的可靠性和準(zhǔn)確性。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 25.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,符合正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)多時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較采用單因素方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組基線資料比較 兩組年齡、性別、文化程度、ASA分級及換瓣位置比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 兩組不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)心率、平均動脈壓比較 兩組T0心率、平均動脈壓比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);試驗(yàn)組T1~T5不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)心率均明顯低于對照組,平均動脈壓均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。兩組不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)心率與平均動脈壓比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)血清炎癥因子、脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白和認(rèn)知功能評分比較 兩組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前血清炎癥因子、脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白和認(rèn)知功能評分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d血清TNF-α和IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平均明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前和術(shù)后7 d(P<0.05),且兩組術(shù)后7 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP均明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 、7 d MoCA評分均低于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前,兩組術(shù)后7 d MoCA評分均高于術(shù)后3 d,且試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d的MoCA評分均高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組POCD發(fā)生情況比較 術(shù)后3 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為15.48%(24/155),明顯低于對照組的32.90%(51/155)(字2=12.822,P<0.001);術(shù)后7 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為8.39%(13/155),明顯低于對照組的20.00%(31/155)(字2=8.582,P=0.003)。
2.5 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 對照組低血壓3例、心動過緩2例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為3.23%(5/155);而試驗(yàn)組低血壓5例、心動過緩3例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為5.16%(8/155);兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=0.723,P=0.395)。
3 討論
POCD是心臟瓣膜術(shù)后常見的并發(fā)癥,是指在大腦正常功能紊亂的基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)定向、記憶、語言能力等方面認(rèn)知功能降低的精神類疾病,POCD不僅影響心臟功能正?;謴?fù),延長住院和治療時(shí)間,而且還會加重家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),降低醫(yī)療資源的有效利用率[10]。POCD的發(fā)生與手術(shù)、麻醉誘導(dǎo)、術(shù)前基礎(chǔ)疾病、術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛及遺傳等相關(guān)[11]。POCD的發(fā)病機(jī)制主要與中樞系統(tǒng)炎癥有關(guān),因而臨床可從抗炎、鎮(zhèn)靜等方面降低POCD發(fā)生率。右美托咪定是α2腎上腺素受體激動劑,在催眠、鎮(zhèn)靜、抗炎及降低腦功能障礙等方面具有重要的作用,其劑量過低,鎮(zhèn)靜效果不佳,而過快滴注負(fù)荷劑量會增加心率減慢和低血壓事件。臨床指南指出,在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定0.5~1.0 μg/kg,持續(xù)10~15 min,可發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)定催眠功效,提高麻醉誘導(dǎo)成功率[12]。有研究將其應(yīng)用于心臟、脊柱、腦腫瘤等麻醉誘導(dǎo)手術(shù)[13],且可降低POCD發(fā)生率,但其作用機(jī)制尚未闡明。
研究表明,當(dāng)機(jī)體受創(chuàng)傷后,手術(shù)累及范圍越大,體內(nèi)炎癥反應(yīng)越嚴(yán)重,即促炎因子(TNF-α和IL-6水平等)急劇增加,且促炎因子可促進(jìn)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖,抑制海馬區(qū)神經(jīng)元因子生成,進(jìn)而損傷神經(jīng)元突觸的可塑性和修復(fù)功能,降低大腦認(rèn)知功能[14]。但TNF-α和IL-6水平干擾較多,在預(yù)測術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙價(jià)值較低。FABP是脂肪酸載體蛋白,在促進(jìn)脂肪酸溶解、運(yùn)輸、代謝及分布等方面具有重要的生理作用[15],Tian等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)ABP可通過脂肪酸介導(dǎo)信號因子調(diào)節(jié)炎癥因子表達(dá),其水平減小可降低機(jī)體TNF-α、IL-6的生成,與常規(guī)炎癥因子水平呈正相關(guān),增加POCD發(fā)生率。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前血清炎癥因子、脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白和認(rèn)知功能評分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d血清TNF-α和IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP水平明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前和術(shù)后7 d(P<0.05),且兩組術(shù)后7 d血清TNF-α、IL-6、H-FABP和B-FABP均明顯高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(P<0.05);兩組術(shù)后3 、7 d的MoCA評分均低于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前,兩組術(shù)后7 d的MoCA評分均高于術(shù)后3 d,且試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3、7 d的MoCA評分均高于對照組(P<0.05)。術(shù)后3 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為15.48%(24/155),明顯低于對照組的32.90%(51/155)(P<0.05);術(shù)后7 d,試驗(yàn)組POCD發(fā)生率為8.39%(13/155),明顯低于對照組的20.00%(31/155)(P<0.05)。提示手術(shù)可明顯提高體內(nèi)炎癥因子和FABP水平,右美托咪定可明顯降低血清指標(biāo)水平,提高患者認(rèn)知功能評分,降低POCD發(fā)生率。分析認(rèn)為,右美托咪定是臨床常見的麻醉誘導(dǎo)藥物,其在穿刺置管和氣管插管時(shí)可明顯穩(wěn)定血流動力學(xué),維持手術(shù)心肌耗氧平衡,減少丙泊酚劑量,降低譫妄發(fā)生率,同時(shí)其可下調(diào)去甲腎上腺素水平,抑制交感神經(jīng)活性作用而降低機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng);同時(shí)其可激活膽堿能抗炎信號通路、拮抗小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖和分化、降低單核巨噬細(xì)胞分泌,進(jìn)而發(fā)揮抗炎作用[17-19]。多種途徑共同發(fā)揮作用,下調(diào)機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)程度,降低POCD發(fā)生率,保護(hù)機(jī)體認(rèn)知功能。同時(shí)本文圍術(shù)期兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,且兩組患者給藥前心率、舒張壓和收縮壓比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組患者心率、舒張壓和收縮壓在T1~T4不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)明顯低于對照組(P<0.05),提示負(fù)荷劑量的安全性較高。右美托咪定可靶向作用于目標(biāo)靶位,發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜作用,對機(jī)體呼吸沒有抑制作用,且其可降低丙泊酚和苯二氮卓類藥物的使用,維持患者血流動力學(xué)。
綜上所述,在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈滴注右美托咪定0.5~1.0 g/kg,持續(xù)10~15 min,可在一定程度上降低心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)的炎癥反應(yīng),下調(diào)脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白,進(jìn)而提高術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能,降低POCD發(fā)生率,值得臨床進(jìn)一步研究并推廣。
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(收稿日期:2021-05-25) (本文編輯:程旭然)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2022年4期