余協(xié)媛 徐永燦 汪偉民
[摘要] 目的 分析胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響。 方法 隨機(jī)選取2014年1月至2015年10月在湖州市中心醫(yī)院進(jìn)行手術(shù)切除治療的胃癌患者100例作為研究對(duì)象。采用電話、門診等方法進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間超過(guò)60個(gè)月。比較100例胃癌患者的臨床基本資料,采用Log-Rank檢驗(yàn)分析100例胃癌患者60個(gè)月生存率變化。采用Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)分析影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的單因素。采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的多因素。采用分層分析淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響。 結(jié)果 100例胃癌患者中,男性比例明顯高于女性,年齡大多超過(guò)55歲,腫瘤直徑<4 cm,腫瘤部位以胃下多見(jiàn),pT4分期占比明顯高于pT1、pT2、pT3,pN0、pN1、pN2、pN3分期占比分別為32.00%、20.00%、22.00%、26.00%;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率,無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)移、≤20%、≥21%占比分別為32.00%、18.00%、50.00%,患者CA19-9、CEA含量分別以低于27 U/ml、5 μg/L多見(jiàn),血小板計(jì)數(shù)在(100~300)×109個(gè)/L,胃癌大多數(shù)為低分化,且患者術(shù)后經(jīng)化療治療。100例胃癌患者中,術(shù)后12、36、60個(gè)月生存率分別為80.00%、60.00%、52.00%。經(jīng)Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)分析,腫瘤直徑、腫瘤部位、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、原發(fā)術(shù)后化療、分化程度均為影響胃癌預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。經(jīng)Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析,腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA等均為影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。經(jīng)Kaplan-Meier分析,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)pN1期及pN2期胃癌患者的60個(gè)月生存率具有明顯影響(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA均為胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)pN1、pN2胃癌患者60個(gè)月生存率有顯著影響。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胃癌;預(yù)后;獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率;pN分期
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2022)01-0008-06
The influence of independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and lymph node metastasis rate on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with different pN stages
YU Xieyuan1? ?XU Yongcan1? ?WANG Weimin2
1.Department of Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital,Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou Normal College, Huzhou 313000, China; 2.Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou Normal College, Huzhou? ?313000, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and lymph node metastasis rate on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with different pN stages. Methods A total of 100 cases of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2014 to October 2015 were randomly selected as the research objects. Follow-up was conducted by telephone and outpatient, and the follow-up time was more than 60 months. The basic clinical data of 100 patients with gastric cancer were compared, and the 60-month survival rate of 100 patients with gastric cancer was analyzed by Log-Rank test. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze the single factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients after surgery. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the multiple factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients after surgery. The effect of lymph node metastasis rate on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with different pN stages was analyzed by stratification analysis. Results Among 100 patients with gastric cancer, the proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females. Most of them were over 55 years old. The tumor diameter was less than 4 cm. The tumor sites were more common under the stomach. The proportion of pT4 staging was significantly higher than that of pT1, pT2, pT3. The proportions of pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3 stages were 32.00%, 20.00%, 22.00%, and 26.00%, respectively. The proportions of lymph node metastasis without metastasis, ≤20%, and ≥21% were 32.00%, 18.00%, and 50.00%, respectively.It was more common to be lower than 27 U/ml and 5 μg/L in patients with CA19-9 and CEA contents. The platelet count was about (100-300)×109/L. The majority of gastric cancer was poorly differentiated, and the patients were treated with chemotherapy after surgery. Among 100 patients with gastric cancer, the survival rates at 12 months, 36 months, and 60 months after surgery were 80.00%, 60.00%, and 52.00%, respectively.According to Kaplan-Meier test analysis, tumor diameter, tumor location, pT stage, pN stage,lymph node metastasis rate, CA19-9, CEA, platelet count, primary postoperative chemotherapy, and degree of differentiation were all risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer(P<0.05). According to Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis,tumor diameter, pT staging, pN staging, lymph node metastasis rate, CA19-9, and CEA were all independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients after surgery (P<0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the lymph node metastasis rate had a significant impact on the 60-month survival rate of pN1 and pN2 gastric cancer patients(P<0.05). Conclusion Tumor diameter, pT stage, pN stage, lymph node metastasis rate, CA19-9, CEA are all independent risk factors for postoperative prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis rate has a significant impact on the 60-month survival rate of pN1 and pN2 gastric cancer patients.
[Key words] Gastric cancer; Prognosis; Independent risk factors; Lymph node metastasis rate; pN staging
胃癌是一種消化道惡性腫瘤,是臨床上常見(jiàn)的惡性疾病之一,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)每年胃癌新增病例超90萬(wàn),而其中死亡患者超過(guò)66萬(wàn)。隨著人們生活水平的提高,生活方式的改變,胃癌的發(fā)病率正逐年提高,且逐漸趨于年輕化,不僅對(duì)患者及其家庭的生活造成巨大影響,更對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展造成嚴(yán)重影響[1]。目前,臨床上治療胃癌大多采用手術(shù)切除聯(lián)合術(shù)后化療的綜合治療方法,并取得重大進(jìn)步,但患者5年生存率仍較低。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[2-3],腫瘤部位、浸潤(rùn)程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移之間可相互聯(lián)系、相互作用,共同影響患者的預(yù)后,其中,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是胃癌的主要轉(zhuǎn)移方式,也是影響胃癌患者生存質(zhì)量的重要因素。有研究證實(shí),在一定范圍內(nèi),檢測(cè)出的淋巴結(jié)個(gè)數(shù)越多,患者的生存時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),預(yù)后越好[4]。此外,患者的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移個(gè)數(shù)與胃癌的pT分期明顯相關(guān),對(duì)于不同分期的患者,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移范圍及個(gè)數(shù)也不盡相同[5]。但關(guān)于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移個(gè)數(shù)與pN分期的關(guān)系尚不明確。本研究主要對(duì)胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響進(jìn)行研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
隨機(jī)選取2014年1月至2015年10月在湖州市中心醫(yī)院進(jìn)行手術(shù)切除治療的胃癌患者100例作為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合胃癌的診斷及治療[6],且經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查確診者;②無(wú)淋巴結(jié)或鄰近器官轉(zhuǎn)移者;③參與研究前未經(jīng)放化療治療者;④本組研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)同意批準(zhǔn),均符合醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué);⑤本人及家屬均知情同意并簽訂知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①病歷資料不全或中途退出者;②伴有乙肝等感染性疾病患者;③行單純性改道手術(shù)治療或姑息性手術(shù)者。
1.2 隨訪
采用電話、門診等方法進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間為60個(gè)月。
1.3 方法
基本信息:根據(jù)年齡是否超過(guò)55歲分為>55歲55例及≤55歲45例;根據(jù)性別分為男77例及女23例。
手術(shù)情況:根據(jù)腫瘤部位分為胃上18例、胃中27例、胃下53例及全胃2例;根據(jù)術(shù)后是否化療分為有化療76例,無(wú)化療24例。
病理情況:根據(jù)腫瘤直徑是否超過(guò)4 cm分為>4 cm 44例及≤4 cm 56例。根據(jù)侵犯程度分為pT1期(腫瘤侵犯黏膜下層)12例、pT2期(腫瘤侵犯固有肌層)17例、pT3期(腫瘤侵犯漿膜下層)8例及pT4期(侵犯指臟層腹膜、鄰近組織或結(jié)構(gòu))]63例。根據(jù)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移成都分為pN0期(無(wú)陽(yáng)性淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移)32例、pN1期(淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移1~2枚)20例、pN2期(淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移3~6枚)22例、pN3期(淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移超過(guò)7枚)26例。根據(jù)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率分為無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)移32例、轉(zhuǎn)移率≤21% 18例、轉(zhuǎn)移率≥21% 50例。根據(jù)組織學(xué)分化程度分為低分化56例、中分化25例、高分化19例。
生化資料:根據(jù)糖類抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)表達(dá)水平分為>27 U/ml 26例,≤27 U/ml 74例;根據(jù)癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)表達(dá)水平分為>5 μg/L 28例,≤27 μg/L 72例;根據(jù)血小板計(jì)數(shù)分為>300×109個(gè)/L 13例,(100~300)×109個(gè)/L 81例,<100×109個(gè)/L 6例。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
①100例胃癌患者的臨床基本資料,隨訪12、24、60個(gè)月時(shí)100例胃癌患者的生存率變化,影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的單因素及多因素分析,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響。②采用Log-Rank檢驗(yàn)分析100例胃癌患者60個(gè)月生存率變化。③采用Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)分析影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的單因素。④采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的多因素。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件包進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。生存率差異比較采用Log-Rank檢驗(yàn)分析。單因素分析采用Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)分析,多因素分析采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響采用分層分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 胃癌患者臨床資料分析
100例胃癌患者中,男性比例明顯高于女性,年齡大多超過(guò)55歲,腫瘤直徑<4 cm,腫瘤部位以胃下多見(jiàn),pT4分期占比明顯高于pT1、pT2、pT3,pN0、pN1、pN2、pN3分期占比分別為32.00%、20.00%、22.00%、26.00%;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)移、≤20%、≥21%占比分別為32.00%、18.00%、50.00%;患者CA19-9、CEA含量分別以低于27 U/ml、5 μg/L多見(jiàn),血小板計(jì)數(shù)在(100~300)×109個(gè)/L左右,胃癌大多數(shù)為低分化,且患者術(shù)后經(jīng)化療治療。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的單因素分析
100例胃癌患者中,術(shù)后12、36、60個(gè)月生存率分別為80.00%、60.00%、52.00%。經(jīng)Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)分析,腫瘤直徑、腫瘤部位、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、原發(fā)術(shù)后化療、分化程度均為影響胃癌預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的多因素分析
經(jīng)Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析,腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA等均為影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.4 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)不同pN分期胃癌患者預(yù)后的影響
經(jīng)Kaplan-Meier分析,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)pN1期及pN2期胃癌患者的60個(gè)月生存率具有明顯影響(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
3 討論
胃癌是臨床上最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在世界范圍內(nèi),每年胃癌患者的新發(fā)病人數(shù)超過(guò)100萬(wàn),而死亡人數(shù)超過(guò)75萬(wàn),在全球腫瘤相關(guān)性死亡疾病中居于第二位[7]。手術(shù)治療是臨床上治療胃癌的主要方法,但術(shù)后胃癌復(fù)發(fā)率較高,而對(duì)于胃癌復(fù)發(fā)尚無(wú)特異性有效診斷方法[8]。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)科技的發(fā)展,醫(yī)療設(shè)備的完善,臨床上診斷及治療胃癌取得重大進(jìn)展,但患者的死亡率仍居高不下,且患者預(yù)后較差[9]。有研究認(rèn)為[10],胃癌的發(fā)生是一個(gè)多因素參與的過(guò)程,多種因素參與其中,協(xié)同作用。
相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),超過(guò)50%的癌癥患者會(huì)并發(fā)貧血[11]。血小板是血細(xì)胞中最小的細(xì)胞,在止血、傷口愈合、炎癥反應(yīng)及器官移植排斥等過(guò)程中扮演著重要角色[12]。Cao等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血小板能阻止腫瘤細(xì)胞溶解,屏蔽腫瘤細(xì)胞表面和逃逸系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移,從而對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞起到一定的保護(hù)作用。血小板計(jì)數(shù)是評(píng)價(jià)血小板數(shù)量的有效指標(biāo)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,血小板計(jì)數(shù)是影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。
CA19-9、CEA均為相關(guān)腫瘤標(biāo)記物,正常情況下,其表達(dá)量極低,而當(dāng)發(fā)生腫瘤時(shí),其表達(dá)水平明顯升高[14]。Shufang等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CA19-9、CEA表達(dá)水平與患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及生存率高低明顯相關(guān),與本研究結(jié)果相似。本研究結(jié)果顯示,CA19-9、CEA表達(dá)水平越高,患者的60個(gè)月生存率越低,且其均為影響胃癌患者術(shù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
據(jù)報(bào)道,胃癌患者原發(fā)性腫瘤的臨床病理特征及術(shù)后TNM分期與胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)密切相關(guān)[16]。但由于各種因素的局限性和差異性,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)胃癌根治術(shù)后早期復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素的研究結(jié)果并不一致[17]。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、分化程度均為影響胃癌預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素。腫瘤分期系統(tǒng)是為了評(píng)估腫瘤疾病的預(yù)后、治療及結(jié)果等而開發(fā)的分類系統(tǒng),JGCA與UICC/AJCC臨床上常見(jiàn)的評(píng)估胃癌患者預(yù)后的重要方法,而由于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是胃癌最主要的轉(zhuǎn)移方式[18],因此,胃癌的淋巴結(jié)狀況被認(rèn)為是最能影響胃癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率能夠明顯減少階段遷移現(xiàn)象,其對(duì)患者的預(yù)后具有重要的預(yù)測(cè)能力[19]。本研究結(jié)果表明,腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率等均為影響胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率不僅是胃癌的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,且較pN分期具有更獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),胃癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的存在和程度直接影響胃癌患者的預(yù)后情況[20]。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)pN1期及pN2期胃癌患者的60個(gè)月生存率具有明顯影響。
綜上所述,腫瘤直徑、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率、CA19-9、CEA均為胃癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率對(duì)pN1、pN2胃癌患者60個(gè)月生存率有顯著影響。
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(收稿日期:2021-02-24)