国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

雄激素性脫發(fā)的非手術(shù)療法新進(jìn)展

2022-02-15 01:04:53柴小偉黃欣
上海醫(yī)藥 2022年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)制

柴小偉 黃欣

摘 要 雄激素性脫發(fā)是一種常見(jiàn)的慢性進(jìn)行性脫發(fā)疾病。治療雄激素性脫發(fā)的目的在于減少頭發(fā)脫落,促進(jìn)頭發(fā)生長(zhǎng),但目前治療方法比較有限,常用的非手術(shù)療法包括藥物治療、注射治療、激光治療和中醫(yī)中藥等。本文概述了目前非手術(shù)療法治療雄激素性脫發(fā)的研究進(jìn)展,為雄激素性脫發(fā)的治療提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞 雄激素性脫發(fā);非手術(shù)療法;機(jī)制

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R758.71 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2022)02-0003-04

基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(82073452,81772161);上海市科委自然基金項(xiàng)目(17ZR1426300);2020年度上海市綜合醫(yī)院中西醫(yī)結(jié)合專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(ZHYYZXYJHZX-202002);上海市同濟(jì)醫(yī)院臨床研究培育重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(ITJ(ZD)1903);上海杰出青年醫(yī)學(xué)人才培養(yǎng)資助計(jì)劃[滬衛(wèi)計(jì)人事(2018)16號(hào)]。

New progress in non-surgical treatment of androgenic alopecia

CHAI Xiaowei, HUANG Xin

(Department of Dermatology of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China)

ABSTRACT Androgenetic alopecia(AGA) is a common chronic progressive hair loss disorder. The purpose of treating AGA is to reduce hair loss and promote hair growth, but currently, treatment methods are relatively limited, and the common non-surgical treatment methods include drug therapy, injection therapy, laser therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, etc. This article summarizes the research progress of non-surgical therapy in the treatment of AGA, which provides a reference for the treatment of AGA.

KEY WORDS androgenetic alopecia; non-surgical treatment; mechanism

雄激素性脫發(fā)(androgenetic alopecia,AGA)是一種以毛囊小型化為特征的慢性進(jìn)行性脫發(fā)疾病[1]。男女性均可患病,Wang等[2]通過(guò)多中心調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)男性患病率約為21.3%,女性患病率約為6.0%。該病起始于青春期,且發(fā)病率隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加。中國(guó)AGA患者70.6%為21~30歲,其中72.8%有家族遺傳史[3]。過(guò)度吸煙、飲酒、肥胖、壓力過(guò)大等均會(huì)加劇AGA患者脫發(fā)[4]。

AGA影響患者外貌,會(huì)降低患者生活質(zhì)量,是誘發(fā)抑郁和焦慮等心理疾病的高危因素[5]。雖然AGA很普遍,但治療措施卻有限。目前,只有口服非那雄胺和局部外用米諾地爾以及低能量激光治療(low-level laser light therapy,LLLT)是美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,F(xiàn)DA)批準(zhǔn)用于治療AGA的方法[6]。毛發(fā)移植的局限性在于它是侵入性的醫(yī)療手段且價(jià)格相對(duì)昂貴,不適合脫發(fā)的早期階段。本文主要綜述目前可供選擇的非手術(shù)治療AGA的方法。

1.1 米諾地爾

米諾地爾是唯一被FDA批準(zhǔn)用于治療AGA的局部藥物。20世紀(jì)70年代,米諾地爾首次作為口服藥物用于治療嚴(yán)重頑固性高血壓,但患者服用之后出現(xiàn)全身性多毛癥,因此成為一種治療脫發(fā)的藥物。目前米諾地爾治療AGA的濃度分別為2%和5%,其中局部外用5%米諾地爾是治療男性AGA的一線用藥,而女性常用2%米諾地爾[7]。米諾地爾是一種前體藥物,由毛囊外根鞘中表達(dá)的硫基轉(zhuǎn)移酶將其轉(zhuǎn)化為活性形式硫酸米諾地爾,促進(jìn)毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng)。因此該酶的活性可以預(yù)測(cè)患者對(duì)局部米諾地爾的反應(yīng),具有93%的敏感性和83%的特異性[8]。米諾地爾促進(jìn)毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng)可能是通過(guò)鉀通道開(kāi)放介導(dǎo)的,鉀通道開(kāi)放導(dǎo)致皮膚血流量增加,毛乳頭中血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)含量升高;同時(shí)鉀通道活性對(duì)于細(xì)胞進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期的G1階段至關(guān)重要,因此它可能在早期的細(xì)胞增殖中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用[9-10]。米諾地爾還可通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)β-catenin活性刺激毛囊增殖和分化,使其迅速進(jìn)入生長(zhǎng)期,同時(shí)可延長(zhǎng)毛乳頭細(xì)胞(dermal papilla cell,DPC)的生長(zhǎng)期[10]。

米諾地爾除了外用外,小劑量口服治療AGA也具有較好的療效和安全性。據(jù)Randolph和Tosti[11]報(bào)道口服米諾地爾治療AGA的最佳劑量為女性0.25~1.25 mg/d,而男性則需要2.5~5 mg/d。其中0.25 mg米諾地爾和25 mg螺內(nèi)酯聯(lián)合應(yīng)用治療女性AGA可能更佳,因?yàn)樾┝靠诜字Z地爾不僅降低了不良反應(yīng),而且螺內(nèi)酯也有助于降低米諾地爾造成的液體滯留。小劑量口服米諾地爾系統(tǒng)性不良反應(yīng)較少,包括多毛癥、液體滯留、心動(dòng)過(guò)速等[12]。

1.2 5α-還原酶抑制劑

5α-還原酶(5α-reductase,5α-RS)有多種同工酶,包括Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)雄激素、糖皮質(zhì)激素和其他甾體激素的細(xì)胞代謝,在人體生理中發(fā)揮重要作用。其中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型5α-RS能將睪酮轉(zhuǎn)換成雙氫睪酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT),轉(zhuǎn)換率分別為20%和 80%[13]。

非那雄胺和度他雄胺是較常見(jiàn)的兩種5α-還原酶抑制劑(5α-reductase inhibitors,5α-RIs)。其中非那雄胺屬于Ⅱ型5α-RIs,是男性AGA的一線治療藥物,而度他雄胺是Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型5α-RIs。據(jù)Yoshitake等[14]報(bào)道口服1 mg/d非那雄胺治療脫發(fā)的有效率為99.4%,而年齡和病情嚴(yán)重程度是其療效的關(guān)鍵預(yù)測(cè)因素。非那雄胺對(duì)頂部頭發(fā)數(shù)量的影響最大,額部次之,雙顳部最小。有研究表明,口服非那雄胺可以改善AGA患者的生活質(zhì)量,但不能減輕患者的焦慮[15]。與非那雄胺相比,度他雄胺治療男性AGA的療效更好。它對(duì)Ⅱ型5α-RS的抑制作用是非那雄胺的100倍,0.5 mg/d度他雄胺可使血清DHT水平降低90%以上,而5 mg/d非那雄胺只能降低70%左右,但兩者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率卻無(wú)明顯差異,因此早在2009年韓國(guó)和日本就已批準(zhǔn)口服0.5 mg度他雄胺用于治療AGA[13,16-17]。

非那雄胺應(yīng)至少持續(xù)使用6個(gè)月,才能評(píng)估其療效[18]。而最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DHT在肝臟、胰腺以及眼的生理功能中起著重要作用,長(zhǎng)期口服5α-RIs會(huì)引起非酒精性脂肪肝、2型糖尿病以及干眼病等副作用[19]。為了降低系統(tǒng)性副作用的發(fā)生率,外用非那雄胺也成為治療AGA可供選擇的治療方案。根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中現(xiàn)有的劑型,0.25%非那雄胺溶液可能是有效且耐受性良好的給藥濃度[20]。外用0.25%非那雄胺溶液和口服1 mg非那雄胺之后,患者頭皮DHT和血漿DHT下降水平均無(wú)顯著差異,分別較基線水平下降50%和68%~75%[20]。Suchonwanit等[21]通過(guò)隨機(jī)雙盲對(duì)照研究指出0.25%非那雄胺與3%米諾地爾混合外用溶液對(duì)男性AGA的生發(fā)作用明顯優(yōu)于單用3%米諾地爾溶液,且耐受性良好。

1.3 富血小板血漿

最近,富血小板血漿(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)在皮膚科的應(yīng)用逐漸增多,例如用于治療痤瘡、脫發(fā)、黃褐斑等。PRP治療脫發(fā)具有使用效率較高、副作用較小、復(fù)發(fā)率較低的特點(diǎn),能使毛發(fā)數(shù)量和密度顯著增加[22]。它是從自體外周血中采集的濃縮血小板,其濃度為正常血小板濃度的4~6倍[23]。PRP富含生長(zhǎng)因子和細(xì)胞因子等數(shù)百種生物活性分子,其中許多生長(zhǎng)因子參與了毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的細(xì)胞增殖和分化。然而最近有研究表明PRP促進(jìn)毛發(fā)的生長(zhǎng)與血小板含量、血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子、表皮生長(zhǎng)因子和VEGF的濃度無(wú)關(guān)[24]。注射PRP能夠改善女性AGA患者的頭發(fā)密度和直徑,雖會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不良反應(yīng)如頭痛、紅腫和注射后出血等,但仍不失為一種安全有效的方法[25]。PRP通過(guò)增加DPC外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶的磷酸化及蛋白激酶B的表達(dá),同時(shí)也增加DPC的β-catenin活性和成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子-7表達(dá),從而刺激DPC增殖,抑制其凋亡,提高毛囊細(xì)胞存活率,延長(zhǎng)毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng)期,刺激毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng)[26]。

A型肉毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTX)注射是全球最常見(jiàn)的美容術(shù)之一,可用于減少皺紋、多汗等。最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小劑量BTX(30 U、50 U和100 U)肌內(nèi)注射治療AGA是安全有效、無(wú)明顯副作用的,且頭皮屑、瘙癢、油膩癥狀均會(huì)明顯減輕[27-29]。與非那雄胺相比,BTX能更有效地增加患者額部和顳部的毛發(fā)密度[27]。AGA患者脫發(fā)周?chē)募∪馐诡^皮緊繃,從而減少血液供應(yīng)。而B(niǎo)TX能抑制神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放,導(dǎo)致靶肌肉松弛麻痹,降低頭皮血管的壓力,增加血流量和氧含量。在高濃度氧含量中,會(huì)有更多睪酮轉(zhuǎn)化為雌二醇,油脂分泌和脫發(fā)減少[29]。Shon等[28]通過(guò)體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證明BTX能夠抑制DPC分泌,可以抑制毛囊角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和毛發(fā)周期變化的轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-α1 (transforming growth factor-α1,TGF-α1),同時(shí)體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)也驗(yàn)證了BTX在96 h內(nèi)會(huì)下調(diào)TGF-α1的表達(dá)。因此皮內(nèi)注射BTX可能通過(guò)增加頭皮血氧含量和抑制DPC的TGF-α1分泌而有效治療AGA。

目前發(fā)現(xiàn)許多激光對(duì)治療AGA具有一定療效,如LLLT、CO2點(diǎn)陣激光、1 550 nm點(diǎn)陣激光[30-32]。其中LLLT是一種波長(zhǎng)為600~1 000 nm的激光,可用于調(diào)節(jié)免疫和減輕炎癥,由于不是通過(guò)溫度的升高來(lái)發(fā)揮其治療作用,被稱(chēng)為“冷激光療法”[33]。LLLT在皮膚科常被用于嫩膚、治療尋常痤瘡等,也是治療男性和女性AGA的一種安全有效的替代方法,可單獨(dú)使用,也可與米諾地爾或非那雄胺聯(lián)合使用[30,34]。增加LLLT的能量注量、照射時(shí)間以及降低治療頻率對(duì)治療AGA的療效較好,其中波長(zhǎng)655 nm的紅光對(duì)刺激頭發(fā)生長(zhǎng)比較有效[35-37]。激光治療的原理是光生物調(diào)節(jié)作用,但其確切的作用機(jī)制尚不清。有研究表明男性AGA經(jīng)過(guò)LLLT治療后,DPC中參與如細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、蛋白質(zhì)生物合成、細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extracellular Matrix,ECM)形成等生物過(guò)程的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)發(fā)生改變,其中ECM蛋白增多使AGA患者DPC體積增大,頭發(fā)直徑變粗[38]。

4.1 鋸棕櫚提取物

鋸棕櫚提取物(Serenoa repens)是從棕櫚樹(shù)漿果中提取的富含脂肪酸(85%~90%)的物質(zhì),其中脂肪酸中的月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸和油酸會(huì)抑制5α-RS的活性[39-40]。這種用于治療脫發(fā)的植物提取物在德國(guó)和法國(guó)非常流行,并且在沒(méi)有任何增強(qiáng)劑的情況下也是有效的[41]。男性AGA患者每天口服320 mg鋸棕櫚提取物可以促進(jìn)頭發(fā)生長(zhǎng),同時(shí)外用也可增加AGA患者發(fā)量[39,42]。

4.2 南瓜籽油

南瓜籽含油量大,富含各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),如脂肪酸、維生素E和植物甾醇。小鼠模型實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)南瓜籽油(pumpkin seed oil,PSO)可以逆轉(zhuǎn)睪酮降低生長(zhǎng)期毛囊百分率的作用[43]。臨床試驗(yàn)也證實(shí)男性AGA患者每天口服400 mg PSO可促進(jìn)毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng),且未見(jiàn)明顯副作用[44]。同時(shí),外用PSO也能使女性AGA患者的毛干多樣性顯著降低,直立再生毛顯著增加[45]。PSO含有的植物甾醇是一種5α-RIs,可阻止睪酮轉(zhuǎn)化為活性DHT,從而促進(jìn)毛發(fā)生長(zhǎng),其他成分如植物雌激素和維生素E也可能參與這種作用[46]。

其他植物提取物如咖啡因、迷迭香和油橄欖對(duì)改善AGA患者的脫發(fā)癥狀也具有一定作用。

口服非那雄胺、外用米諾地爾以及LLLT是目前FDA批準(zhǔn)治療AGA的非手術(shù)療法,但由于不同的患者對(duì)治療有著不同的反應(yīng),治療效果有差異,因此本文對(duì)于AGA的非手術(shù)療法及其作用療效、可能機(jī)制等新進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了闡述。在AGA的非手術(shù)療法中,仍有許多潛在的新療法如微針、干細(xì)胞療法、Wnt/β-catenin通路激活劑、JAK–STAT通路抑制劑等。然而由于尚缺乏足夠的臨床試驗(yàn)證據(jù),未能形成統(tǒng)一的治療方案,如治療劑量、治療頻率、治療持續(xù)時(shí)間等,同時(shí)由于AGA的發(fā)病機(jī)制仍未完全明確,因此對(duì)于AGA的治療不僅面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)也具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Manabe M, Tsuboi R, Itami S, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of male-pattern and female- pattern hair loss, 2017 version[J]. J Dermatol, 2018, 45(9): 1031-1043.

[2] Wang TL, Zhou C, Shen YW, et al. Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China: a community-based study in six cities[J]. Br J Dermatol, 2010, 162(4): 843-847.

[3] Ding Q, Xu YX, Sun WL, et al. Early-onset androgenetic alopecia in China: a descriptive study of a large outpatient cohort[J]. J Int Med Res, 2020, 48(3): 1-9.

[4] Gatherwright J, Liu MT, Amirlak B, et al. The contribution of endogenous and exogenous factors to male alopecia: a study of identical twins[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 131(5): 794e-801e.

[5] Ocampo-Garza SS, Fabbrocini G, Ocampo-Candiani J, et al. Micro needling: A novel therapeutic approach for androgenetic alopecia, A Review of Literature[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2020, 33(6): e14267.

[6] Rinaldi S, Bussa M, Mascaro A. Update on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2016, 20(1): 54-58.

[7] Motofei IG, Rowland DL, Baconi DL, et al. Androgenetic alopecia; drug safety and therapeutic strategies[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2018, 17(4): 407-412.

[8] Goren A, Naccarato T. Minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2018, 31(5): e12686.

[9] Kelly Y, Blanco A, Tosti A. Androgenetic Alopecia: An update of treatment options[J]. Drugs, 2016, 76(14): 1349-1364.

[10] Suchonwanit P, Thammarucha S, Leerunyakul K. Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: a review[J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2019, 13: 2777-2786.

[11] Randolph M, Tosti A. Oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss: A review of efficacy and safety[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021, 84(3): 737-746.

[12] Vano-Galvan S, Pirmez R, Hermosa-Gelbard A, et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss: A multicenter study of 1404 patients[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021: 1-8.

[13] Dhurat R, Sharma A, Rudnicka L, et al. 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia: Shifting paradigms, current concepts, comparative efficacy, and safety[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2020, 33(3): e13379.

[14] Yoshitake T, Takeda A, Ohki K, et al. Five-year efficacy of finasteride in 801 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia[J]. J Dermatol, 2015, 42(7): 735-738.

[15] Yamazaki M, Miyakura T, Uchiyama M, et al. Oral finasteride improved the quality of life of androgenetic alopecia patients[J]. J Dermatol, 2011, 38(8): 773-777.

[16] Zhou Z, Song S, Gao Z, et al. The efficacy and safety of dutasteride compared with finasteride in treating men with androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and metaanalysis[J]. Clin Interv Aging, 2019, 14: 399-406.

[17] Shanshanwal SJ, Dhurat RS. Superiority of dutasteride over finasteride in hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization in men with androgenetic alopecia: A randomized controlled open-label, evaluator-blinded study[J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2017, 83(1): 47-54.

[18] Kanti V, Messenger A, Dobos G, et al. Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men - short version[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018, 32(1): 11-22.

[19] Traish AM. Health risks associated with long-term finasteride and dutasteride use: It’s time to sound the alarm[J]. World J Mens Health, 2020, 38(3): 323-337.

[20] Marks DH, Prasad S, De Souza B, et al. Topical antiandrogen therapies for androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris[J]. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2020, 21(2): 245-254.

[21] Suchonwanit P, Srisuwanwattana P, Chalermroj N, et al. A randomized, double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and safety of topical solution of 0.25% finasteride admixed with 3% minoxidil vs. 3% minoxidil solution in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018, 32(12): 2257- 2263.

[22] Roohaninasab M, Goodarzi A, Ghassemi M, et al. Systematic review of platelet-rich plasma in treating alopecia: Focusing on efficacy, safety, and therapeutic durability[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2021, 34(2): e14768.

[23] Avram MR, Finney R. Platelet-rich plasma therapy for male and female pattern hair loss[J]. Dermatol Surg, 2019, 45(1): 80-82.

[24] Rodrigues BL, Montalvao SAL, Cancela RBB, et al. Treatment of male pattern alopecia with platelet-rich plasma: A double-blind controlled study with analysis of platelet number and growth factor levels[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2019, 80(3): 694-700.

[25] Dubin DP, Lin MJ, Leight HM, et al. The effect of plateletrich plasma on female androgenetic alopecia: A randomized controlled trial[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2020, 83(5): 1294-1297.

[26] Li ZJ, Choi HI, Choi DK, et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma: a potential therapeutic tool for promoting hair growth[J]. Dermatol Surg, 2012, 38(7 Pt 1): 1040-1046.

[27] Zhou Y, Yu S, Zhao J, et al. Effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020: 1501893.

[28] Shon U, Kim MH, Lee DY, et al. The effect of intradermal botulinum toxin on androgenetic alopecia and its possible mechanism[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2020, 83(6): 1838-1839.

[29] Zhang L, Yu Q, Wang Y, et al. A small dose of botulinum toxin A is effective for treating androgenetic alopecia in Chinese patients[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2019, 32(4): e12785.

[30] Darwin E, Heyes A, Hirt PA, et al. Low-level laser therapy for the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a review[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2018, 33(2): 425-434.

[31] Salah M, Samy N, Fawzy MM, et al. The effect of the fractional carbon dioxide laser on improving minoxidil delivery for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia[J]. J Lasers Med Sci, 2020, 11(1): 29-36.

[32] Meephansan J, Ungpraphakorn N, Ponnikorn S, et al. Efficacy of 1,550-nm erbium-Gglass fractional laser treatment and its effect on the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and wnt/beta-catenin in androgenetic alopecia[J]. Dermatol Surg, 2018, 44(10): 1295-1303.

[33] Wickenheisser VA, Zywot EM, Rabjohns EM, et al. Laser light therapy in inflammatory, musculoskeletal, and autoimmune disease[J]. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep, 2019, 19(8): 37.

[34] Glass GE. Photobiomodulation: The clinical applications of low-level light therapy[J]. Aesthet Surg J, 2021, 41(6): 723-738.

[35] Gupta AK, Bamimore MA. Factors influencing the effect of photobiomodulation in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia:A systematic review and analyses of summary-level data[J]. Dermatol Ther, 2020, 33(6): e14191.

[36] Liu KH, Liu D, Chen YT, et al. Comparative effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for adult androgenic alopecia: a system review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2019, 34(6): 1063-1069.

[37] Han L, Liu B, Chen X, et al. Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is involved in hair growth-promoting effect of 655-nm red light and LED in in vitro culture model[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2018, 33(3): 637-645.

[38] Panchaprateep R, Pisitkun T, Kalpongnukul N. Quantitative proteomic analysis of dermal papilla from male androgenetic alopecia comparing before and after treatment with low-level laser therapy[J]. Lasers Surg Med, 2019, 51(7): 600-608.

[39] Rossi A, Mari E, Scarno M, et al. Comparitive effectiveness of finasteride vs Serenoa repens in male androgenetic alopecia: a two-year study[J]. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2012, 25(4): 1167-1173.

[40] Dhariwala MY, Ravikumar P. An overview of herbal alternatives in androgenetic alopecia[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2019, 18(4): 966-975.

[41] Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M. Hair loss and herbs for treatment[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2013, 12(3): 210-222.

[42] Wessagowit V, Tangjaturonrusamee C, Kootiratrakarn T, et al. Treatment of male androgenetic alopecia with topical products containing Serenoa repens extract[J]. Australas J Dermatol, 2016, 57(3): e76-82.

[43] Hajhashemi V, Rajabi P, Mardani M. Beneficial effects of pumpkin seed oil as a topical hair growth promoting agent in a mice model[J]. Avicenna J Phytomed, 2019, 9(6): 499-504.

[44] Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 2014: 549721.

[45] Ibrahim IM, Hasan MS, Elsabaa KI, et al. Pumpkin seed oil vs. minoxidil 5% topical foam for the treatment of female pattern hair loss: A randomized comparative trial[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13976. Epub ahead of print.

[46] Ashique S, Sandhu NK, Haque SN, et al. A systemic review on topical marketed formulations, natural products, and oral supplements to prevent androgenic alopecia: A review[J]. Nat Prod Bioprospect, 2020, 10(6): 345-365.

猜你喜歡
機(jī)制
構(gòu)建“不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐”機(jī)制的思考
創(chuàng)新完善機(jī)制 做實(shí)做優(yōu)考核
自制力是一種很好的篩選機(jī)制
文苑(2018年21期)2018-11-09 01:23:06
建立激勵(lì)相容機(jī)制保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)安全
保留和突破:TPP協(xié)定ISDS機(jī)制中的平衡
定向培養(yǎng) 還需完善安置機(jī)制
破除舊機(jī)制要分步推進(jìn)
氫氣對(duì)缺血再灌注損傷保護(hù)的可能機(jī)制
注重機(jī)制的相互配合
打基礎(chǔ) 抓機(jī)制 顯成效
同德县| 白朗县| 桦甸市| 鄂州市| 蒙城县| 朔州市| 平乐县| 鹤岗市| 清苑县| 建德市| 年辖:市辖区| 小金县| 高清| 微博| 兰坪| 万宁市| 德昌县| 梓潼县| 阳东县| 永顺县| 大足县| 绥芬河市| 江西省| 夏邑县| 鱼台县| 闽清县| 新巴尔虎左旗| 鹰潭市| 花莲市| 梅州市| 阳原县| 泸州市| 陈巴尔虎旗| 虹口区| 大竹县| 大化| 宝丰县| 大英县| 南岸区| 墨脱县| 富民县|