文/一卓
山東全面提升畜禽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)模生產(chǎn)水平,促進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。圖/趙廣學(xué)Shandong comprehensively hoists the standardized large-scale production level of livestock and poultry and boosts the sustainable and healthy development of animal husbandry.
“2021年1月,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)函對打造現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè)齊魯樣板作出了部署安排,這在全國尚屬首次,明確了山東省先行先試的戰(zhàn)略定位,賦予其引領(lǐng)帶動的重大使命,提供了跨越發(fā)展的歷史機(jī)遇?!鄙綎|省畜牧獸醫(yī)局局長唐建俊介紹。
目前,山東省畜產(chǎn)品可滿足1.5億人的消費(fèi)需求,省內(nèi)價(jià)格總體低于全國,是京津滬浙等地市場的主要供給區(qū)。其中禽肉產(chǎn)量占全國的1/6,常年生豬外調(diào)1000萬頭,2020年新冠肺炎疫情應(yīng)急防控期間調(diào)往北京、上海、湖北肉品10.8萬噸,為保供大局作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
與此同時(shí),作為畜牧業(yè)現(xiàn)代化重要前提的畜禽種業(yè)也在齊魯大地上蓬勃發(fā)展,在現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展、優(yōu)質(zhì)品牌畜產(chǎn)品培育等工作上,山東成績突出。據(jù)2021年5月發(fā)布的《山東省打造全國現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè)齊魯樣板實(shí)施方案》介紹,山東省現(xiàn)有地方畜禽品種35個(gè),位居全國第三。建設(shè)保種場50個(gè)、保護(hù)區(qū)8個(gè)、活體基因庫3個(gè)、遺傳材料基因庫1個(gè)、省級畜禽遺傳資源監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)平臺1個(gè);有16個(gè)地方品種開發(fā)利用較好,年提供畜產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值約200億元。同時(shí),近幾年山東引入畜禽品種85個(gè),其中從國外引入60個(gè);核心種源由“以引為主”轉(zhuǎn)為“引育結(jié)合”,引進(jìn)品種本土化選育持續(xù)加快,豬、牛、羊等核心種源供應(yīng)基本有保障。
“目前山東省自主創(chuàng)新能力較強(qiáng)。全省累計(jì)培育畜禽品種24個(gè),其中魯西黑頭羊、魯中肉羊生產(chǎn)性能居國內(nèi)外領(lǐng)先水平,中新白羽肉鴨、康大肉兔生產(chǎn)性能達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平,打破了國外壟斷。奶牛種質(zhì)自主創(chuàng)新和高效擴(kuò)繁技術(shù)國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先,達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平?!鄙綎|省畜牧局畜牧與畜禽廢棄物利用處處長李流航介紹說。下一步,山東將利用3年時(shí)間,開展畜禽遺傳資源全面普查,摸清家底,打好攻堅(jiān)第一仗。特別是對地方品種將應(yīng)保盡保,建設(shè)國家級區(qū)域性畜禽遺傳資源基因庫。同時(shí),開展種業(yè)“卡脖子”技術(shù)攻關(guān),實(shí)現(xiàn)肉禽、奶牛、生豬育種突破,到2025年培育新品種(配套系)5—10個(gè)。
做好動物疫病防控既是畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求,也是保障公共衛(wèi)生安全的重要組成部分?!渡綎|省打造全國現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè)齊魯樣板實(shí)施方案》提出,山東加快“無疫省”建設(shè),力爭2022年通過國家評估。
“我們不斷健全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,連續(xù)多年累計(jì)創(chuàng)建各類畜禽養(yǎng)殖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化示范場5400多個(gè),數(shù)量在全國位居第一,畜產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的基礎(chǔ)越來越牢固。”唐建俊說道,“山東率先在膠東建成無規(guī)定動物疫病區(qū),‘無疫省’建設(shè)順利推進(jìn),病死畜禽集中處理率超過95%,畜禽糞污綜合利用率達(dá)90%,畜產(chǎn)品監(jiān)督抽檢合格率保持在98%以上?!?/p>
針對肉蛋奶等大宗消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品,山東省每年開展畜產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)測2萬批以上,監(jiān)督抽檢合格率保持在98%以上。經(jīng)過多年的整治和打擊,目前山東省的牛奶質(zhì)量安全處于歷史最好水平,連續(xù)10年未檢出三聚氰胺等禁用物質(zhì)。
舌尖上的安全影響著每一個(gè)人的健康,伴隨2020年全國飼料“禁抗令”的正式實(shí)施,十余種促生長類的藥物飼料添加劑被明確禁止使用,“無抗養(yǎng)殖”在近幾年成為畜牧行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)新方向、新模式,山東也唱響了“無抗養(yǎng)殖”的重頭戲。
“我們做的,就是全程‘無抗養(yǎng)殖’。”西之盟(山東)農(nóng)牧發(fā)展有限公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)部工作人員張叢叢介紹說。在西之盟,飼料營養(yǎng)是源頭,養(yǎng)殖過程是關(guān)鍵。通過獨(dú)特的微生物發(fā)酵技術(shù)和專利制備工藝替代抗生素,讓小雞小豬喝“酸奶”,提高免疫力?!拔覀儾粌H關(guān)注原料的營養(yǎng)、新鮮、衛(wèi)生指標(biāo),還打造了零粉塵生產(chǎn)車間,產(chǎn)出的無抗雞蛋、無抗雞肉、無抗豬肉在市場上非常受歡迎。我相信‘綠色+無抗’的種養(yǎng)一體生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖將是養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢?!睆垍矃舱f。
山東省畜產(chǎn)品可滿足1.5億人的消費(fèi)需求,其中禽肉產(chǎn)量占全國的1/6。圖/何延海Livestock products in Shandong Province can meet the consumer demand of 150 million people, of which poultry production accounts for 1/6 of the whole country.
魯西南黃牛是中國名貴牛種之一。圖/宋琴Southwestern Shandong Yellow Cattle is one of the rare breeds of cattle in China.
“從喂水喂料到雞蛋的收集檢測、洗澡、殺菌、分級及清糞等一系列環(huán)節(jié),我們的蛋品生產(chǎn)全部采用了自動化操作生產(chǎn)流程?!鄙綎|牧族生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司總經(jīng)理王海青說,智慧養(yǎng)殖已成為當(dāng)前山東畜牧養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)降低成本、提升競爭力、轉(zhuǎn)型升級的重要手段。
據(jù)王海青介紹,當(dāng)前山東蛋雞養(yǎng)殖智慧化程度已超過80%。除了部分中小養(yǎng)殖戶外,大部分的龍頭企業(yè)全部采用智慧化養(yǎng)殖,從精準(zhǔn)喂養(yǎng)、環(huán)控、蛋品和糞便的傳送、殺菌到廢棄物的轉(zhuǎn)化全部實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能化操作?!澳壳拔覀兊?5萬只雞只需要兩個(gè)人管理,主要負(fù)責(zé)檢查設(shè)備的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)?!蓖鹾G嗾f,隨著智慧養(yǎng)殖的實(shí)現(xiàn),他將更多精力投入到打造品牌和鋪建渠道當(dāng)中。
“山東啟動了智慧畜牧工程,正加速推動畜牧業(yè)智慧化養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展?!鄙綎|省畜牧協(xié)會常務(wù)副會長兼秘書長逯巖介紹說。2019年,山東啟動了智慧畜牧業(yè)示范應(yīng)用基地和智能牧場創(chuàng)建工作,規(guī)劃到2022年建設(shè)140家智慧畜牧業(yè)示范應(yīng)用基地和50家智能牧場。
山東智慧畜牧工程將依托互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),推動產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)智能化發(fā)展,提升經(jīng)營管理信息化水平,促進(jìn)畜牧安全智慧化建設(shè)。同時(shí),山東將加快推動智能牧場、數(shù)字化育種和監(jiān)管追溯、疫病防控、病死畜禽及糞污處理系統(tǒng)建設(shè),推進(jìn)行業(yè)監(jiān)管監(jiān)測一體化進(jìn)程,保障畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)及產(chǎn)品安全。
Shandong is the birthplace of China’s animal husbandry industrialization. Since the reform and opening up, a batch of new industrialized management models such as “Zhucheng Model” have risen rapidly, driving the development and growth of animal husbandry in the whole province and having developed to the top of the country.
At present, livestock products in Shandong Province can meet the consumer demand of 150 million people. The price in Shandong is generally lower than that in the whole country. It is the main supply area of high-end markets, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang and etc. At the same time, the livestock and poultry seed industry, as an important prerequisite for the modernization of animal husbandry, is also flourishing in the land of Qilu. In the development of modern animal husbandry and the cultivation of animal products with high-quality brand, Shandong has made an outstanding achievement.
Good prevention and control of animal disease prevention is not only the internal requirement for the stable development of animal husbandry industry, but also an important part of assurance for public health safety. With the official implementation of the “injunction against antibiotics” in the national feed in 2020, more than ten species of growth promoting drug feed additives have been explicitly prohibited. Nonreactive breeding has become a new direction and model for the development of animal husbandry industry in recent years.
Since 2019, Shandong has launched the establishment of smart animal husbandry demonstration application bases and intelligent ranches. It is planned to build 140 smart animal husbandry demonstration and application bases and 50 intelligent ranches by 2022.
The project of Shandong smart animal husbandry, relying on modern information technologies, such as internet, mobile internet, cloud computing and IOT, will push forward the intelligent development of industrial production, elevate the informatization level of operation and management, promote the intelligent construction of animal husbandry safety, accelerate the construction of intelligent ranches, digital breeding and regulatory traceability, epidemic prevention and control, processing system of dead livestock and poultry and excrement, advance the integration of industry supervision and monitoring and ensure the safety of animal husbandry industry and products.
山東累計(jì)培育畜禽品種24個(gè),其中魯西黑頭羊生產(chǎn)性能居國內(nèi)外領(lǐng)先水平。圖/趙廣學(xué)Shandong has cultivated a total of 24 livestock and poultry breeds, among which the production performance of Luxi black head sheep takes a leading position at home and abroad.