文/孫杰
山東省農(nóng)科院作物所小麥遺傳育種團(tuán)隊(duì)宋健民研究員在做小麥雜交前的準(zhǔn)備工作。圖/李青Researcher Song Jianmin of the Wheat Genetics and Breeding Team, the Crop Research Institute, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, makes preparations for wheat hybridization.
“6000萬(wàn)第一次,6000萬(wàn)第二次,6000萬(wàn)第三次!”2021年10月31日,在山東省農(nóng)科院學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告樓禮堂,經(jīng)過(guò)15次激烈“交鋒”,起拍價(jià)為5300萬(wàn)元的布魯氏菌活疫苗(粗糙型)生產(chǎn)使用權(quán),最終以6000萬(wàn)元成交,成為山東省農(nóng)科院第二屆農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果秋季拍賣會(huì)的“標(biāo)王”。
這不是山東省農(nóng)科院第一次嘗試以拍賣的形式舉行成果拍賣。2020年10月,山東省農(nóng)科院在全國(guó)首創(chuàng)以拍賣會(huì)的形式來(lái)推廣科技成果,最終拍賣的24項(xiàng)新成果、新技術(shù)全部成交,成交總額達(dá)1.1億元,溢價(jià)率103.8%。而一年之后的第二屆農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果秋季拍賣會(huì)上,37項(xiàng)新成果最終拍出11165.8萬(wàn)元,無(wú)論是拍賣成果數(shù)量還是拍賣價(jià)格,均再創(chuàng)新高。
2013年,習(xí)近平總書記視察山東省農(nóng)科院時(shí)作出了“給農(nóng)業(yè)插上科技的翅膀”的重要指示?!跋胍o農(nóng)業(yè)插上科技的翅膀,就要大力推動(dòng)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化,讓更多的科技成果落地,產(chǎn)生社會(huì)價(jià)值?!鄙綎|省農(nóng)科院黨委書記李長(zhǎng)勝表示,通過(guò)創(chuàng)新成果交易方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)拍賣活動(dòng)的常態(tài)化、規(guī)范化,打造成果轉(zhuǎn)化品牌活動(dòng),可以提升成果轉(zhuǎn)化效率,促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新鏈和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈精準(zhǔn)對(duì)接,加快科研成果從樣品到產(chǎn)品再到商品的轉(zhuǎn)化,把科技成果充分應(yīng)用到田間地頭,把論文寫在大地上。
其實(shí),通過(guò)拍賣會(huì)推廣農(nóng)科成果只是山東省農(nóng)科院踐行“給農(nóng)業(yè)插上科技的翅膀”重要指示的一個(gè)縮影。近年來(lái),山東省農(nóng)科院先后實(shí)施全國(guó)首個(gè)省級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新工程,創(chuàng)建“三穩(wěn)一活”創(chuàng)新機(jī)制,堅(jiān)持自主選題、協(xié)同攻關(guān),解決山東農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展“卡脖子”技術(shù)問(wèn)題。圍繞習(xí)近平總書記提及的13個(gè)特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和區(qū)域優(yōu)勢(shì)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè),與地方政府和農(nóng)業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)建設(shè)79家產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)研究院,實(shí)現(xiàn)全省優(yōu)勢(shì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)全覆蓋。整合省市科研力量,聯(lián)合省市縣農(nóng)技推廣中心,共同打造農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范縣(市)、示范園區(qū)、示范基地,實(shí)現(xiàn)科研創(chuàng)新試驗(yàn)田、技術(shù)推廣示范田、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展樣板田“三田合一”。
山東省農(nóng)科院自主研發(fā)的“濟(jì)麥22”連續(xù)9年種植面積全國(guó)第一,累計(jì)超過(guò)3億畝,增產(chǎn)小麥270億斤;“矮杰”甜櫻桃矮化砧木新品種以1250萬(wàn)元的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)讓,創(chuàng)中國(guó)果樹(shù)品種轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi)紀(jì)錄;花生單粒精播技術(shù),創(chuàng)畝產(chǎn)782.6公斤的世界紀(jì)錄;山東省農(nóng)科院作物研究所研究員徐冉培育出的耐鹽堿大豆品種“齊黃34”,先后以畝產(chǎn)353.45公斤、302.6公斤創(chuàng)中國(guó)夏大豆高產(chǎn)紀(jì)錄和鹽堿地單產(chǎn)紀(jì)錄。
除了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,山東省農(nóng)科院還結(jié)合自身的人才優(yōu)勢(shì),探索出科技聯(lián)結(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)、科研院所聯(lián)結(jié)農(nóng)村、科技專家聯(lián)結(jié)農(nóng)民,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)智慧化、優(yōu)質(zhì)化、品牌化的農(nóng)科“三聯(lián)三化”模式,這種模式也被確定為山東省鄉(xiāng)村振興齊魯樣板七大模式之一?!叭齻€(gè)突破”戰(zhàn)略便是從這種模式中演變而來(lái)。
2020年,山東省農(nóng)科院?jiǎn)?dòng)了“三個(gè)突破”戰(zhàn)略:選擇東部的煙臺(tái)招遠(yuǎn)、中部的臨沂費(fèi)縣、西部的菏澤鄆城為三個(gè)樣板點(diǎn),利用3年時(shí)間,選派300名科研人員,打造鄉(xiāng)村振興科技引領(lǐng)型齊魯樣板示范縣(市)和若干單體示范模式。截至2021年11月24日,山東省農(nóng)科院已累計(jì)向三個(gè)縣派出兩批348人的掛職隊(duì)伍,這些人中既有專家學(xué)者,也有新引進(jìn)的技術(shù)人才等。
山東省農(nóng)科院趙振東院士(左三)與小麥團(tuán)隊(duì)在田間作物所進(jìn)行研究。圖/李青Academician Zhao Zhendong (the third from the left) of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the wheat team conduct a research at the Field Crop Institute.
費(fèi)縣農(nóng)民賈理昌是山東省農(nóng)科院“三個(gè)突破”戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施的受益者之一。2019年,已經(jīng)是當(dāng)?shù)赜忻姆N棗大戶的賈理昌,在新聞上看到大棚里種的脆棗掙錢,便突發(fā)奇想,照著從各種資料上學(xué)來(lái)的知識(shí),劃出一片棗樹(shù),建起了4個(gè)大棚。令他沒(méi)想到的是,一年之后,4 個(gè)大棚里的幾百棵棗樹(shù)上,只結(jié)出了一顆棗。自嘲的賈理昌將一張手托著這顆棗的照片發(fā)到朋友圈里,準(zhǔn)備5萬(wàn)元將它“拍賣”。
山東省農(nóng)科院聚焦科研難題,解決生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問(wèn)題。圖為針管收集蔬菜香氣風(fēng)味物質(zhì),為品質(zhì)育種奠定基礎(chǔ)。圖/孟紹娟The Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences focuses on scientific research difficulties, and solves practical production problems. The picture depicts the scene of collecting vegetable flavor substances with needle tubing, laying a foundation for quality breeding.
賈理昌的“遭遇”驚動(dòng)了準(zhǔn)備前往費(fèi)縣報(bào)到的山東省農(nóng)科院果樹(shù)所棗樹(shù)項(xiàng)目組博士王中堂。正式報(bào)到前,他專門協(xié)調(diào)省農(nóng)科院8個(gè)所22名專家,在賈理昌的大棚里來(lái)了一場(chǎng)“會(huì)診”。最終,確定導(dǎo)致棗樹(shù)嚴(yán)重減產(chǎn)的原因是大棚未留放風(fēng)口,未配置加濕裝置,花期溫度過(guò)高,濕度過(guò)低,不具備棗花坐果的環(huán)境條件;還有就是綠盲蝽蟲害較重,破壞花器,影響坐果。對(duì)此,王中堂聯(lián)合農(nóng)科院其他相關(guān)所研發(fā)了低殘高效精準(zhǔn)藥劑+性誘劑捕殺綜合防治技術(shù),并對(duì)大棚進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)改造。第二年,賈理昌的大棚里脆棗便掛滿枝頭。在王中堂的鼓勵(lì)下,賈理昌和妻子又貸款將大棚數(shù)量增加至19個(gè)。賈理昌說(shuō),由于大棚脆棗比露地提早成熟近一個(gè)月,所以價(jià)格是露地栽培的3—4倍,能達(dá)到一斤30元左右,照這樣算,建19個(gè)大棚的成本基本當(dāng)年就能收回來(lái)。
值得注意的是,受益的不僅是賈理昌這樣的農(nóng)戶,還有雙塔粉絲、華寶食品這樣的行業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)。目前,“三個(gè)突破”工作組已經(jīng)圍繞糧食、蔬菜、果樹(shù)、畜牧、家禽、食用菌等24個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈部署實(shí)施“鏈長(zhǎng)制”。山東省農(nóng)科院“三個(gè)突破”辦公室副主任楊萍介紹說(shuō),經(jīng)過(guò)一年多的實(shí)踐,工作組已累計(jì)協(xié)助地方爭(zhēng)取項(xiàng)目15個(gè),資金2.98億元;協(xié)助地方引進(jìn)招商引資項(xiàng)目16個(gè),合同金額10.97億元;已初步探索出整縣域打造科技引領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)村振興的農(nóng)科模式,以及鏈長(zhǎng)制模式、利益共同體模式、科教興村模式、產(chǎn)業(yè)興鎮(zhèn)模式、“科技+”模式、農(nóng)業(yè)科技社會(huì)化服務(wù)模式、科研轉(zhuǎn)化推廣一體化模式等“1+N”模式。
鯤鵬展翅,一翼千里。山東省農(nóng)科院黨委書記李長(zhǎng)勝介紹說(shuō),站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上,山東省農(nóng)科院將以“給農(nóng)業(yè)插上科技的翅膀”為總戰(zhàn)略、以“推倒四面墻、迎來(lái)八面風(fēng)”為總基調(diào)、以“實(shí)干興院”為總要求、以“農(nóng)業(yè)科技現(xiàn)代化”為總目標(biāo),牢記囑托再出發(fā),讓農(nóng)民挑上農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的“金扁擔(dān)”,讓農(nóng)業(yè)和鄉(xiāng)村借助科技的翅膀騰飛起來(lái)、振興起來(lái)。
培育科技人才要從娃娃抓起,農(nóng)業(yè)科普進(jìn)校園,有利于廣大中小學(xué)生增進(jìn)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科技知識(shí)的了解。圖/李云芝The cultivation of scientific and technological talents should start from children. Agricultural science popularization in schools helps primary and secondary students to enhance their understanding of agricultural science and technology knowledge.
On November 27, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, held a symposium on agricultural science and technology, and gave the important instruction of “Adding the Wings of Science and Technology to Agriculture”. Now, keeping General Secretary Xi’s important instruction in mind, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has achieved remarkable results in the aspects of scientific and technological innovation, talent introduction and cultivation, achievement transformation and popularization, etc., and provided strong scientific and technological support for Shandong’s agricultural development.
In October 2020, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences took the lead in China in spreading scientific and technological achievements in an auction form. At the Second Autumn Auction of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture one year later, 37 new achievements were finally auctioned at the price of RMB 11,165.80. The number of auctioned achievements and the auction price both hit new highs.
In recent years, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has implemented China’s first provincial agricultural science and technology innovation project, established the “Three Steady and One Flexible” innovation mechanism, and insisted on independent subject selection and coordinated tackling of problems, with a number of technologies leading the country.
In addition to technological innovation, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has explored an agricultural science mode of linking science & technology with agriculture, research institutes with rural areas, scientific & technological experts with peasants, and gradually achieving intelligent, quality and branded agriculture based on its talent advantage. Besides, the strategy of “Three Breakthroughs” evolved from the mode.
In 2020, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences launched the strategy of “Three Breakthroughs”: choosing Zhaoyuan, Yantai in eastern Shandong, Fei County, Linyi in central Shandong, and Yuncheng, Heze in western Shandong as three model sites, and selecting 300 researchers over three years to build a number of individual demonstration models. The implementation of the strategy has benefited not only peasants, but also industry-leading enterprises like Shuangta Starch Noodles and Huabao Food.