徐文虎 趙鵬 孟素玉 馬雅寧 曹麗莎
[摘要]目的:探討重組堿性成纖維細胞生長因子(Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor,rbFGF)+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植修復大面積燒傷深部創(chuàng)面的效果。方法:回顧性分析2017年10月-2020年10月在筆者醫(yī)院進行治療的116例大面積燒傷患者一般臨床資料,根據(jù)患者治療方式進行分組,將采用rbFGF+自體超薄皮片修復者納入對照組(n=55),將采用rbFGF+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植修復者納入實驗組(n=61),探討不同治療方式對患者深部創(chuàng)面的影響。結果:兩組創(chuàng)面愈合后療效比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(95.08% vs 90.91%,P>0.05),但實驗組肉芽生長評分明顯高于對照組,創(chuàng)面無滲出液時間、結痂時間、創(chuàng)面愈合時間、住院時間均明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后實驗組色澤、柔軟度、厚度、血管分布評分均明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)水平均顯著降低,且實驗組均明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)、表皮細胞生長因子(EGF)水平均顯著升高,且實驗組均明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組琥珀酸脫氫酶(SDH)、組織液氧分壓水平均顯著升高,乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)降低,且實驗組治療后SDH、組織液氧分壓水平明顯高于對照組,LDH低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:rbFGF+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植在修復大面積燒傷深部創(chuàng)面中應用較佳,創(chuàng)面修復效果良好,抗炎效果較佳,可有效促進肉芽組織生長成熟,縮短創(chuàng)面愈合時間,值得在臨床推廣應用。
[關鍵詞]rbFGF;脫細胞異體真皮;自體超薄皮片;移植修復;大面積燒傷;深部創(chuàng)面
[中圖分類號]R644? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2021)10-0032-05
Effects of rbFGF Combined with Acellular Allogeneic Dermis and Autologous Ultra-thin Skin Composite Graft in Repairing Deep Wounds of Extensive Burns
XU Wen-hu,ZHAO Peng,MENG Su-yu,MA Ya-ning,CAO Li-sha
(Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery,the Fifth Hospital of Xingtai,Xingtai 054000,Hebei,China)
Abstract: Objective? This research aims to investigate the effects of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor combined with acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous ultra-thin skin composite graft in repairing deep wounds of extensive burns. Methods? The general clinical data of 116 patients with extensive burns treated in the hospital from October 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment method, the patients were divided into the control group (rbFGF+autologous ultra-thin skin repair, n=55) and the experimental group (rbFGF+acellular allogeneic dermis+autologous ultra-thin skin composite graft, n=61). Effect of different treatment methods on deep wounds was discussed. Results? There was no significant difference in curative effect between the two groups(95.08% vs 90.91%, P>0.05). The granulation growth score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the time of no exudation, scab formation, wound healing and hospital stay in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of color, softness, thickness and vascular distribution in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in the two groups, and the levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of VEGF and EGF increased significantly in two groups, the levels o in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of SDH and tissue liquid oxygen partial pressure increased significantly and LDH decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of SDH and tissue liquid oxygen partial pressure in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and LDH was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? Applying combined with acellular allogeneic dermis and autologous ultra-thin skin composite graft in repairing deep wounds of extensive burns can achieve good repairing effects,and the anti-inflammatory effect is better.It can effectively promote the growth and maturity of granulation.
Key words: rbFGF; acellular allogeneic dermis; autologous ultra-thin skin; graft repair; extensive burns; deep wound
火焰、蒸汽、熱液均會引起皮膚組織燒傷,嚴重者會導致皮下組織損傷,且燒傷會導致創(chuàng)面缺血、滲出液、水腫,一旦出現(xiàn)感染則會影響創(chuàng)面愈合,且燒傷創(chuàng)面的恢復需要經(jīng)歷體液滲出期、急性感染期、修復期、康復期,前兩個時期是影響愈合的主要階段[1]。為防止大面積燒傷患者出現(xiàn)感染,多采用手術植皮修復創(chuàng)面,另外燒傷后瘢痕攣縮也會影響部分器官功能,導致美學缺陷,手術治療原則是切除瘢痕、松懈痙攣,并取皮覆蓋創(chuàng)面,但皮源有限,部分患者因燒傷面積較大,自身皮源應用面積有限,因此如何應用較少的自體皮膚覆蓋燒傷創(chuàng)面是當前臨床較為重視的問題[2-3]。近年來,采用郵票皮植皮、Meek植皮、異體皮移植均有一定臨床療效,但不同植皮方式療效及安全性均有不同[4]。大面積燒傷患者在進行植皮治療后往往需要采用輔助藥物促進燒傷創(chuàng)面愈合、恢復。重組堿性成纖維細胞生長因子(Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor,rbFGF)是多功能細胞生長因子,且在急性感染期會刺激血管內皮細胞及成纖維細胞,在康復期、修復期可有效促進成纖維細胞及毛細血管生長,進一步改善創(chuàng)面微循環(huán)[5]。近年來,rbFGF逐漸應用在創(chuàng)傷、燒傷中。本研究擬分析rbFGF+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植在大面積燒傷創(chuàng)面中的應用價值,旨在為臨床美容修復提供有效依據(jù)。
1? 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:回顧性分析2017年10月-2020年10月在筆者醫(yī)院進行治療的116例大面積燒傷患者一般臨床資料,根據(jù)患者治療方式進行分組,將采用rbFGF+自體超薄皮片修復者納入對照組(n=55),將采用rbFGF+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植修復者納入實驗組(n=61),兩組一般資料有可比性(P>0.05),見表1。
1.2 納入及排除標準:納入標準:①所有患者均診斷為Ⅱ度燒傷[6];②患者及家屬均知情同意;③均需進行植皮治療者;④均簽署醫(yī)院倫理委員會出具的知情同意書。排除標準:①合并嚴重心、肝、腎器質性疾病者;②創(chuàng)面存在大面積出血者。
1.3 方法:對照組采用rbFGF+自體超薄皮片移植修復:給予全身麻醉,電凝止血,根據(jù)自身皮源選擇側胸、大腿、上臂外側、背部的真皮,并用電動取皮刀在供皮區(qū)取超薄皮片覆蓋創(chuàng)面,絲線固定,并采用1~4支rbFGF與溶媒混合后均勻噴灑在紗布上,采用石膏固定功能部位,2~3周拆線。
實驗組采用rbFGF+脫細胞異體真皮+自體超薄皮片復合移植修復:給予全身麻醉,電凝止血,采用無菌液洗脫細胞異體真皮3次,在移植時確保異體真皮粗糙面朝下貼敷創(chuàng)面,光潔基底膜面朝上,并確保異體真皮與創(chuàng)面無褶皺、氣泡、滲液,開放網(wǎng)眼,使用絲線間斷縫合固定異體真皮在創(chuàng)面邊緣,并在絲線固定后于上層覆蓋自體超薄皮片進行復合移植,采用絲線固定后紗布加壓包扎,并采用1~4支rbFGF與溶媒混合后均勻噴灑在紗布上,采用石膏固定功能部位,2~3周拆線。兩組均定期更換敷料,積極行抗感染治療。
1.4 觀察指標:①依據(jù)文獻[7]比較兩組療效,痊愈:創(chuàng)面愈合率在90%及以上;顯效:創(chuàng)面面積明顯縮小,且肉芽組織新鮮紅色上皮爬行良好,無壞死組織及膿苔無浸潤,創(chuàng)面愈合率60%~89%;有效:創(chuàng)面面積縮小,肉芽組織存在輕度水腫,伴隨少量膿苔及壞死組織,創(chuàng)面愈合率30%~59%;無效:創(chuàng)面無明顯好轉,創(chuàng)面愈合率在30%以下;治療有效率為痊愈、顯效、有效例數(shù);②記錄兩組肉芽生長評分、創(chuàng)面無滲出液時間、結痂時間、創(chuàng)面愈合時間、住院時間:其中肉芽生長評分:0分(有明顯肉芽組織生長,且覆蓋面積在1/4以下)、1分(肉芽組織生長且覆蓋創(chuàng)面1/4~1/2)、2分(肉芽組織生長較好且覆蓋創(chuàng)面1/2以上,顏色鮮紅)、3分(肉芽組織生長較好,覆蓋全部創(chuàng)面,鮮紅色);③采用溫哥華瘢痕量表((Vancouver scar scale,VSS)對患者愈后創(chuàng)面瘢痕進行評分,主要包括色澤、血管分布、厚度、柔軟度,色澤評分:瘢痕皮膚顏色與其他部位顏色接近記0分,瘢痕色澤變淺記1分,瘢痕色澤混合記2分,瘢痕色澤變深記3分;血管分布評分:血管分布與其他部位相近記0分,血管偏粉色記1分,血管偏紅色記2分,血管呈現(xiàn)紫色記3分;柔軟度評分:柔軟度正常記0分,柔軟度有較小阻力導致皮膚變形記1分,在壓力下皮膚出現(xiàn)變形記2分,瘢痕處皮膚呈硬塊記3分;厚度評分:瘢痕厚度正常記0分,瘢痕厚度為1mm記1分,瘢痕厚度1~2mm記2分,瘢痕厚度2~4mm記3分,瘢痕厚度>4mm記4分;④在治療前及治療結束時將殘留藥物及分泌物清除干凈后選取創(chuàng)面基底部組織,并采用眼科剪取少許創(chuàng)面組織,充分碾碎后制成勻漿,離心后取上清液保存待檢,采用ELISA法檢測患者治療前后血管內皮生長因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、表皮細胞生長因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)及炎癥因子水平,炎癥因子包含超敏C反應蛋白(High sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α);⑤在治療前后清洗創(chuàng)面,并夾閉引流管后采用肝素濕潤的注射器抽取0.5~1.0ml組織新鮮滲出液,并采用血氣分析儀檢測組織液氧分壓,并于創(chuàng)面處取出肉芽組織,融化后加入PBS液,離心后采用ELISA法檢測乳酸脫氫酶(Lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、琥珀酸脫氫酶(Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)。
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[收稿日期]2021-03-16
本文引用格式:徐文虎,趙鵬,孟素玉,等.rbFGF聯(lián)合脫細胞異體真皮和自體超薄皮片復合移植修復大面積燒傷創(chuàng)面[J].中國美容醫(yī)學,2021,30(10):32-36.