胡珊珊
附加疑問句,是置于陳述句之后的短問句,通常用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、詢問等,是高中英語中重要的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一,也是高考英語的一個(gè)命題熱點(diǎn)。對(duì)此,筆者就附加疑問句的常見考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了剖析,以期能夠幫助同學(xué)們牢固掌握。
考點(diǎn)之一:祈使句后的附加疑問句
祈使句后的附加疑問句是高考英語高頻考點(diǎn)之一。對(duì)于祈使句后的附加疑問句,一般而言,若祈使句為肯定形式,附加疑問句可以用will you,也可以用won't you;但若祈使句為否定形式,則附加疑問句只能用will you。如:①Please give me a hand, will/won't you?(請(qǐng)幫個(gè)忙,好嗎?)②Don't smoke in the meeting-room, will you ?(不要在會(huì)議室抽煙,好嗎?)
需要注意的是,對(duì)于let us引導(dǎo)的祈使句,附加疑問句用will you;但對(duì)于let's引導(dǎo)的祈使句,附加疑問句則用shall we。如:①Let us go to the garden to make us feel better, will you?(讓我們到公園里去散散心,好嗎?)②Let's go and get some fresh air, shall we?(咱們出去呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣,好嗎?)
【例1】①Switch on the light because it is too dark, ________?
A.will youB.do youC.can youD.shall we
②Wow! Super! Let's go down the pub and push the boat out, ________?
A.don't weB.won't we C.shall we D.will you
解析:上述兩題均考查祈使句后的附加疑問句。①句意是:太暗了,把燈打開,好嗎?陳述句為肯定形式,附加疑問句可以用will you或won't you,故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。②句意是:哇!太好了!讓我們?nèi)ゾ频陸c祝一下,好嗎?在let’s引導(dǎo)的祈使句中,附加疑問句則用shall we,不能用will you,故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)之二:含否定詞或否定前綴(后綴)的附加疑問句
在英語中,若陳述句部分含有few、never、seldom等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),其附加疑問句部分的動(dòng)詞往往用肯定形式。如:①She never achieved anything, did she?(她從未取得任何成就,是嗎?)②He seldom watches TV, does he?(他很少看電視,是嗎?)
然而,若是陳述句部分含有帶前綴或后綴的否定詞時(shí),該陳述句仍被視作肯定句,所以其附加疑問句部分的動(dòng)詞則用否定形式。如:①He and his friend jack were unsuccessful in getting a job, weren't they?(他和他的朋友杰克沒有找到工作,是嗎?)
【例2】①The writer was guilty of bias and inaccuracy, ________?
A.was he B.wasn't he C.did heD.didn't he
②You deal with customers on the phone and rarely meet them face-to-face,________?
A.do you B.don't you C.do they D.don't they
解析:上述兩題考查含否定詞或否定前綴(后綴)的附加疑問句。①句意是這位作者有失偏頗,且敘述不實(shí),是不是?該句陳述部分中的“inaccuracy(不準(zhǔn)確的)”為帶有前綴的否定詞,所以附加疑問句部分的動(dòng)詞則用否定形式,故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。②句意是:你用電話和客戶打交道,很少和他們見面,是嗎?陳述部分含有“rarely”這一否定詞,所以附加疑問句部分的動(dòng)詞則用肯定形式,故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)之三:含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的附加疑問句
在英語中,當(dāng)陳述句部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示“必須、必要”時(shí),其附加疑問句部分用mustn't或needn't。如:①We must do our homework at home, mustn't we?(我們必須在家里寫作業(yè),是不是?)②The children must wear a uniform, needn't they?(孩子們得穿制服,是不是?)
但是,如果陳述句部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示“推測(cè)”時(shí),其附加疑問句部分則不用mustn't,而是與陳述部分謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致。一般地,若陳述部分謂語為“must+have+done”,且句中有具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,其附加疑問句用一般過去時(shí);若無表過去的時(shí)間狀語時(shí),其附加疑問部分要用haven't;若陳述部分謂語動(dòng)詞是“must be”,其附加疑問部分要be動(dòng)詞的否定形式。如:You must have seen that film last year, didn't you?去年你一定看過那部電影,是不是?
【例3】①You must have been to the Great Wall,________?
A.must you B.aren't you
C. mustn't youD.haven't you
②Parents must be firm with their children,________?
A.must theyB.mustn't they
C.are theyD.aren't they
解析:上述兩題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的附加疑問句。①句意是:你一定去過長城,是不是?結(jié)合句意,可知是對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè),且無明確的過去時(shí)間狀語,其附加疑問句動(dòng)詞用haven’t,故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。②句意是:父母必須對(duì)子女嚴(yán)格,是不是?根據(jù)語境和句意,此處的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示必須,其附加疑問句動(dòng)詞用mustn't或needn't,故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
總之,同學(xué)們?cè)鷮?shí)學(xué)習(xí),注意夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),了解命題特點(diǎn),掌握做題技巧,自然就不難突破附加疑問句題。
(作者單位:南京師范大學(xué)鹽城實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校)