劉秋蘭 杜良琴 吳茂鋒
摘要:隨著基因檢測的普及,基因指導下個體化精準治療成為進一步提高靶向治療療效的有效途徑。培唑帕尼是一種多靶點酪氨酸激酶抑制劑,其療效與不良反應的差異與相關基因多態(tài)性的關系日益受到關注。本文就培唑帕尼相關酶的基因多態(tài)性與其療效及所致不良反應的關系進行綜述。
關鍵詞:培唑帕尼;酪氨酸激酶抑制劑;基因多態(tài)性
【中圖分類號】R-0 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2107-2306(2020)01-156-02
[Abstract] With the popularization of gene testing, personalized and precise treatment under the guidance of genes has become an effective way to further improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.Pazopanib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor.In this paper, the genetic polymorphisms of various enzymes related to pazopanib and their effects on therapeutic effect and adverse reaction were reviewed.
[Keywords] pazopanib;Tyrosine kinase inhibitors;Gene polymorphism
培唑帕尼,又名帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)是一種新型的小分子多靶點酪氨酸激酶抑制劑。于2017年3月獲得中國CFDA批準用于晚期腎細胞癌(RCC)的治療,培唑帕尼是FDA批準用于治療多種不同組織學亞型軟組織肉瘤(STS)的第一個也是唯一一個酪氨酸激酶抑制劑[1]。本文就基因多態(tài)性檢測用于評估培唑帕尼臨床應用的療效和不良反應發(fā)生情況進行綜述。
1 基因多態(tài)性與療效
1.1 VEGFA、FGFR2基因
Bianconi M等[2]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)VEGFA 的SNPs與mRCC患者培唑帕尼治療應答率及結局相關;Xu CF等[3]發(fā)現(xiàn): VEGFA -1498位點CC型RCC客觀緩解率33%低于TT型患者的51%。Vanmechelen M等[4]研究表明成纖維細胞生長因子受體2 (FGFR2)中的SNP與培唑帕尼治療RCC療效有關。
1.2 KDR、IL-8基因
KDR基因rs34231037位點為AG型的腎細胞癌患者培唑帕尼治療的應答率低于AA型的患者[5]。IL-8基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性與轉移性透明細胞癌(ccRCC)獲得性耐藥機制相關,IL-8(rs1126647, rs4073)基因多態(tài)性與總生存率(OS)顯著相關[6]。
1.3 HIF1A、FLT4基因
HIF-1的過表達與腎細胞癌(RCC)的發(fā)病機制有關,結果提示HIF1A基因多態(tài)性與腎細胞癌的復發(fā)和生存預后相關[7]。西班牙的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)培唑帕尼的療效以及患者的生存期可能與FLT4基因有關[8]。
1.4自噬基因(ATGs)
Santoni M等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)細胞自噬基因SNPs與患者的無進展生存期(PFS)相關。
2基因多態(tài)性與不良反應
2.1 HFE基因
Xu CF等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)HFE基因rs2858996/rs707889位點純合突變TT型的腎細胞癌的患者肝損傷的風險增加。
2.2 HLA-B、HLA-D基因
Xu CF等[11]研究表明HLA-B基因多態(tài)性與培唑帕尼引起的肝損有關,Xiang Q等[12]的分析顯示, HLA-DQA1*02:01、 HLA-DQB1*02:02、 HLA-DRB1*07:01基因型的患者肝損傷風險增加。
2.3 UGTs基因
Motzer RJ 等[13]研究顯示: UGT1A1基因純合子突變型(UGT1A1*28*28)的腎細胞癌患者培唑帕尼治療后高膽紅素血癥的風險增加。
2.4 ABCG2基因
ABCG2轉運蛋白rs2231142位點的多態(tài)性與培唑帕尼聯(lián)合辛伐他汀治療引起的肝損傷相關,突變型(TT與GT)的癌癥患者肝損傷的可能性加大。
3總結與展望
通過基因多態(tài)性檢測來預測癌癥患者對培唑帕尼的療效和不良反應是臨床實施個體化治療及劑量調整的有效手段。由于現(xiàn)有的基因多態(tài)性檢測方法是比較復雜且價格相對昂貴,需要建立快速簡便準確的基因分型方法,使其適用于臨床眾多的患者或受試者進行基因突變的檢測;同時對大量受試者的篩查,獲得基因突變類型大數(shù)據(jù),建立培唑帕尼療效及不良反應與基因多態(tài)性關系的數(shù)據(jù)庫,指導臨床個體化用藥。
參考文獻
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(廣州醫(yī)科大學附屬第六醫(yī)院/清遠市人民醫(yī)院,檢驗科,廣東清遠 511518)