姚琴
1. elect [I?lekt] vt.
? 選舉;推選
elect sb. as / to be... 選某人擔(dān)任……
He was elected chair of the city council. 他當(dāng)選為市議會主席。
He was elected as MP for Oxford East. 他被選為牛津東區(qū)的議員。
? 選擇;決定(做某事)
Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇在家上班。
易混辨析
elect, select, choose與pick
這些動詞均含“挑選”之意。elect指按照一定的規(guī)章或法律,用投票等方式進(jìn)行的認(rèn)真而慎重的選擇;也指選擇做某事,通常后接動詞不定式;select為較正式用詞,指經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮后,從很多的人或物中精選出最好的、最中意的,有時具有莊嚴(yán)、正式的感情色彩;choose指根據(jù)個人意愿和判斷從眾多的對象中進(jìn)行挑選,側(cè)重于被選者的優(yōu)點或優(yōu)良特性;pick多指從個人角度仔細(xì)挑選,可以是隨意或慎重地進(jìn)行選擇,常用于口語。
【試題鏈接】
Employees from each department will
___ a representative.
Key: elect
2. boom [bu:m]
? vi. 發(fā)出隆隆聲;快速發(fā)展;繁榮;激增
Business is booming. 商業(yè)正日趨繁榮。
The tower clock boomed out twelve. 塔樓上的大鐘敲了十二下。
? vt. 使繁榮;使迅速發(fā)展
Foreign investments boomed the city. 國外投資使這個城市迅速繁榮起來。
? n. 隆隆聲;繁榮;激增
This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country. 而成人教育熱反過來又促進(jìn)了整個國家文化水平的提高。
The boom of the 1980s led to a taste for petrol-guzzling cars. 20世紀(jì)80年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮促使人們喜歡上高油耗的汽車。
【試題鏈接】
Thunder ___ in the sky overhead just now.
Key: boomed
3. occur [??k?:]
? vi. 發(fā)生;存在;出現(xiàn)
Frosts often occur in November. 十一月份經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)霜凍。
There will come a time when the crisis will occur. 危機(jī)總有一天會爆發(fā)。
occur to被想起
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. 我想到可以讓人把書寄給我。
The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth. 伊麗莎白也想到了這個主意。
易混辨析
occur, happen與take place
這些動詞均含“發(fā)生”之意,都是不及物動詞或短語,不能用于被動語態(tài)。occur為較正式用詞,可指意外地發(fā)生,也可指意料中的發(fā)生;happen常指具體事件的發(fā)生,特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見事件的發(fā)生;take place通常指某事按計劃進(jìn)行或按計劃發(fā)生。
【試題鏈接】
The evening party will ___ on New Year’s Eve.
Key: take place
4. indicate [?IndIkeIt]
? vi. 表明;顯示
Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy. 零售市場上有史以來的最高利潤顯示出經(jīng)濟(jì)的突飛猛進(jìn)。
? vt. 象征;暗示
A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈紅色往往預(yù)兆第二天天氣晴朗。
Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power. 早期的結(jié)果預(yù)示這個政府將重新執(zhí)政。
? vt. 指示;暗示;間接提及;示意
She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. 她拿出一張地圖,給我們指出最快捷的路線。
He indicated where the furniture was to go. 他指示家具要如何擺放。
易混辨析
indicate, mean, imply, represent, denote與signify
這些動詞均含“表示……的意思”之意。indicate 指明顯的表示;mean為最普通用詞。指文字或符號等所表示的各種明確的或含蓄的意義;imply 側(cè)重用文字或符號表示的聯(lián)想,暗示;represent 指體現(xiàn)或代表;denote 指某一詞字面或狹義的意思,或指某些符號或跡象的特指含義;signify 指用文字、說話或表情等表示單純的意思。
【試題鏈接】
Our vote ___ a change in United States policy yesterday.
Key: indicated
5. slip [slIp]
? vi. 滑;倒;滑落;滑離
She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. 她在冰上滑倒把腿摔斷了。
The fish slipped out of my hand. 魚從我手里溜掉了。
The child slipped from his grasp and ran off. 他一把沒抓牢,讓那孩子跑掉了。
The ship slipped into the harbor at night. 船在夜間悄然進(jìn)港。
? vi. 無意中說出;被泄露
His secret has slipped out. 他的秘密被無意中說了出來。
? n. [C] 失誤;口誤;過錯;過失;疏漏
Because of a slip by a fellow agent, he was arrested. 因他的伙伴疏忽大意,他遭到逮捕。
There mustn’t be the slightest slip. 不能有一星半點差錯。
? n. [C] 事故;意外
There’s many a slip. 意外事情很多。
Everyone was expecting a slip-up. 每個人都認(rèn)為會有意外產(chǎn)生。
易混辨析
slip, glide, slide與skid
這些動詞均含“滑動”之意。slip 指不自覺地、偶然地滑動;glide 指自由、順暢地流動,也指不費(fèi)力、無聲響地滑動;slide 通常多指與光滑表面保持接觸并且迅速地連續(xù)滑動;skid 側(cè)重指不自主地或失去控制地滑動,特指車輪在結(jié)冰或潮濕路面上的滑動,常暗含有危險存在的意味。
【試題鏈接】
Don’t let the good chance ___.
Key: slip
6. hire [?haI?]
? vt. 雇用
Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organizers. 有16名參賽者已經(jīng)請了律師,正在起訴主辦方。
? vt. (短期)租用
To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence. 要想租車,你必須出示護(hù)照及有效駕照。
? n. 租賃(業(yè));出租(業(yè)務(wù))
They booked our hotel, and organized car hire. 他們?yōu)槲覀冇喓昧寺灭^并安排了租車事宜。
? n. 可供出租
Fishing tackle is available for hire. 有釣具可供出租。
易混辨析
hire, rent與employ
這些動詞均含“租用;雇用”之意。hire指按工作量或時間雇用人或租用物;rent指長期租賃土地、房屋等;employ指商店或公司長期雇傭人。
【試題鏈接】
These firms ___ 90 million people worldwide last year.
Key: employed
7. nowhere [?n??we?]
? adv. 任何地方都不(not anywhere)
I’m going nowhere until you are back. 你回來之前我哪兒都不去。
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place. 世界上再沒有這樣優(yōu)美、恬靜的地方了。
? n. 無處
We could find nowhere to park the car. 我們找不到地方停車。
from / out of nowhere 不知來自哪里
He came from out of nowhere into national fame. 他從默默無聞一下子變成舉國聞名。
get / lead nowhere沒有結(jié)果
Such methods will get you nowhere. 這些方法將不會產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。
【試題鏈接】
This animal is found in Australia, and
___ else.
Key: nowhere
8. reform [rI?f?:m]
? vt. & vi. 改革;改過自新
The criminal has promised to reform. 這名罪犯許諾要改過自新。
? n. [C] & [U] 改革;改造
She later fought for women’s rights and social reform. 她后來為了婦女權(quán)利和社會改革而奮斗。
派生詞
? reformer n. 改革家
He is a militant reformer. 他是一名激進(jìn)的改革家。
? reformation n. 改進(jìn);革新
He devoted his energies to the reformation of science. 他致力于科學(xué)的革新。
易混辨析
reform 和 transform
這兩個動詞均含“改革;改變;改造”之意。reform指除惡揚(yáng)善、棄舊圖新,使變得完美,多用于社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,如體制、法律、機(jī)構(gòu)等的改革;transform 指既改變外部形體,又改
變內(nèi)部性質(zhì)或功能。
【試題鏈接】
These ___ were in the best interests of local government.
Key: reforms <P:\ts02\2021\《考試與評價》高二???021年第4期\文章角標(biāo).tif>
1. What room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors?
2. What is smaller than an insect’s mouth?
3. What large instrument do you carry in your ears?
4. What’s too much for one, just right for two, but nothing at all for three?
5. What person tried to make you smile most of the time?
6. What can hear you without ears and can answer you without a mouth?
7. What question can you never answer “yes” to?
Key:
1. A mushroom.
2. Anything it eats.
3. Drums, that is eardrums.
4. A secret.
5. A photographer.
6. An echo.
7. Are you asleep?