王秀鳳
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本常識(shí)
1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:本身有一定的詞義,但要與行為動(dòng)詞一起使用,增添情態(tài)色彩,表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。
2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有三類(lèi):
1)只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有:can,could,may,might,must, will, would, shall, should.
2)可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有:need和dare.
3)具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征(半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的有:have,has to, be able to, unable to, be going to, had better.
3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征:
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原型;
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化;
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有原型和過(guò)去式兩種形式;
4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能和其他的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
幾組情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need用法:
1)用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化”。
need + do sth.
變否定句:needn’t + do sth ;
變疑問(wèn)句:Need sb + do sth?
2)用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞“有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)”的變化。
a)need + to do sth.
變否定句:don’t /doesn’t /didn’t + need to do sth.
變疑問(wèn)句:—Do / Does /Did sb + need to do sth?
—Yes, sb do/does / did.
—No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
b)need不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),可以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):
Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done.
The table needs painting. =The table needs to be painted.
2.半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better用法:
1)had better + 動(dòng)詞原形 = It’s best to do sth
You had better stay at home. = It’s best to stay at home.
2)had better not +動(dòng)詞原形
We had better not play the computer games.
3. must 與have to用法
1)一般情況下,兩者可互換。 must = have to。
2)must “必須,應(yīng)該”,表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法,即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為必須干某事。(內(nèi)在原因)
have to “必須,不得不”,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·中考版2021年2期