周旋

1. mental adj. 精神的;思想的

【經(jīng)典例句】

Do you have a mental picture of what it will look like？ 在你腦子里它會(huì)是什么樣子？

The experience has affected both her mental and physical health. 這段經(jīng)歷損害了她的身心健康。

The hospital cares for some fifty mental patients. 這家醫(yī)院照料五十名左右精神病患者。

【歸納拓展】

mentally adv. 精神上;精神地;mental development 智力發(fā)展;mental health / illness / problems 心理健康 / 疾病 / 問題;physical and mental health 身心健康;physical and mental conditions 身心狀況

2. signal vt. & vi. 標(biāo)志;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號(hào)

n. 信號(hào);標(biāo)志

【經(jīng)典例句】

She signalled it was time to leave. 她示意該走了。

The white flowers signal the arrival of spring. 白色的鮮花標(biāo)志著春天的來臨。

The signal changed from green to red. 信號(hào)燈從綠色變成紅色。

【歸納拓展】

signal to sb. 示意某人;向某人發(fā)信號(hào);signal to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事;send out a signal 發(fā)出信號(hào);a danger signal 危險(xiǎn)信號(hào);a warning signal 警告信號(hào);an alarm signal 報(bào)警信號(hào);a clear signal 清晰的信號(hào);receive / pick up a signal 接收信號(hào)

【易混辨析】

signal， sign， symbol與mark的辨析：

這組詞都有“標(biāo)記，標(biāo)志”之意。 signal表示“信號(hào)”，常指約定俗成，用于傳達(dá)某些信息的信號(hào)，也指燈光，聲音或信號(hào)標(biāo)志;sign表示“記號(hào)，標(biāo)記”，用法最廣，可指符號(hào)（裝置），也可指情緒、性格的直觀顯示，還指具體的用于識(shí)別或指示的標(biāo)志，如指標(biāo)牌、卡片等。借喻時(shí)講作“征兆，跡象”;symbol表示“象征，符號(hào)”，指被人們選出的物體或圖案，用來代表另一事物，并作為該事物的標(biāo)記或象征;mark表示“標(biāo)志，標(biāo)記”，含義廣泛，指事物留下的深刻印跡或某物上用于辨別該物品的附屬物，比sign更側(cè)重于區(qū)別性或揭示性的標(biāo)志，有時(shí)不一定十分直觀或明顯。

3. determine vt. 查明;確定;決定

【經(jīng)典例句】

The investigation will determine what really happened. 調(diào)查會(huì)查明到底發(fā)生了什么事情。

They determined to start early. 他們決定早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。

Testing needs to be done to determine the long-term effects on humans. 需要進(jìn)行檢測以確定其對(duì)人的長期影響。

【歸納拓展】

determination n. 決心;決定;determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的;有決心的;with determination 堅(jiān)決地;be determined to do sth. 決心做某事;be determined that... 決心……;determine to do sth. 決定/決心做某事;determine on （doing） sth. 決定（做）某事;determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下決心做某事

4. disappointed adj. 失望的;沮喪的

【經(jīng)典例句】

I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. 這酒的質(zhì)量令我失望。

He was disappointed at not getting the job， but hell get over it. 他沒得到這份工作非常失望，不過他會(huì)想得開的。

She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。

【歸納拓展】

disappoint vt. 使……失望;disappointing adj. 令人失望的;disappointment n. 失望;to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是;be disappointed in / with sb. 對(duì)某人失望;be disappointed at /about sth. 對(duì)某事失望;be disappointed to do sth. 對(duì)做某事感到失望

5. argue vt. & vi. 論證;爭辯;爭論

【經(jīng)典例句】

He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 他提出理由說明他們需要更多的時(shí)間來完成該項(xiàng)目。

He argued that she should not go. 他爭辯說她不該去。

I argued with him the whole day but failed to convince him. 我和他爭論了一整天，但是沒能說服他。

【歸納拓展】

argument n. 爭論;辯論;have an argument with sb. 與某人爭論/爭吵;have an argument about / over sth. 為某事爭論/爭吵;an argument for / against... 支持/反對(duì)……的論據(jù)/理由;argue with sb. about / over sth. 與某人爭論某事;argue for 為支持……而爭辯;argue against 為反對(duì)……而爭辯;不贊成;argue sb. into / out of doing sth. 說服某人做某事 / 不做某事;argue that... 爭辯……;認(rèn)為……

【易混辨析】

argue與debate的辨析：

argue側(cè)重“說理”“論證”和“企圖說服”;debate側(cè)重“雙方各抒己見”，內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思。

6. run out用光，耗盡

【經(jīng)典例句】

If you eat， you will get thirsty and your water will run out soon. 如果你吃東西，你就會(huì)感到口渴，你的水很快就會(huì)用光。

Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。

His patience has completely run out. 他已經(jīng)完全沒有耐心了。

【歸納拓展】

run across 偶然遇見，跑著穿過;run after 追捕，跟蹤;run into 跑進(jìn)，（使）撞，偶然遇到;run away 逃跑;run for競選

【易混辨析】

run out與run out of的辨析：

這兩個(gè)短語都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，常以物作主語，表示“被用完;被耗盡;（人）把東西用完（或花光）”，其主語通常是時(shí)間、金錢、食物等無生命名詞;run out of則是及物短語，主語只能是人。

7. make sure 確保;查明;弄清楚

【經(jīng)典例句】

Make sure the wires dont touch. 一定不要讓金屬線搭在一起。

She shook it to make sure there was nothing inside. 她把它晃了晃，以確定里面沒有東西。

Check your car before you drive to make sure that your lights are working. 開車前要檢查一下，燈一定都要亮。

【歸納拓展】

make a decision做出決定;make a difference 起作用;有關(guān)系;make an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議;make an apology道歉;make an effort努力;make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象;make into制成;做成;make it 及時(shí)到達(dá);取得成功;做到;make ones way 前進(jìn);行進(jìn);make out 理解;辨認(rèn);看清楚;make progress 取得進(jìn)步;make sense 有意義;講得通;make the best of 充分利用;make up 化裝;打扮;編造;組成;make up for補(bǔ)充;補(bǔ)償

8. carry on 繼續(xù)做;堅(jiān)持做

【經(jīng)典例句】

Youll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard. 你要是繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，身體會(huì)吃不消的。

Rachael Carr intends to carry on teaching. 雷切爾·卡爾打算繼續(xù)教書。

Well carry on a conversation with her tomorrow. 我們將于明天與她會(huì)談。

【歸納拓展】

carry on sth. 從事某事;carry on with sth. 繼續(xù)某事;carry on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事;carry out 進(jìn)行;貫徹;執(zhí)行;實(shí)施;carry through順利實(shí)現(xiàn);carry off 贏得;成功地對(duì)付;carry forward 成功地進(jìn)行

9. lead to引起;導(dǎo)致;通向

【經(jīng)典例句】

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用過多的糖會(huì)引起健康問題。

His careless driving led to the traffic accident. 他粗心的駕駛導(dǎo)致了這場事故。

Different opinions among young people can sometimes lead to quarreling with each other. 有時(shí)，年輕人往往因不同觀點(diǎn)引起互相爭吵。

【歸納拓展】

lead to中的to 是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。像這樣的短語還有devote oneself to專心于，獻(xiàn)身于;get down to開始認(rèn)真（做某事）;give ones life to獻(xiàn)身于;pay attention to注意;stick to堅(jiān)持;look forward to期盼;see to注意（某事），照顧（某人）;up to從事，忙于;be used to習(xí)慣于;turn to求助于，致力于;object to反對(duì);refer to提到，涉及;thanks to幸虧;listen to聽;get close to接近;be addicted to沉溺于;attach... to... 認(rèn)為有（重要性），連接;adapt to適應(yīng);be accustomed to習(xí)慣于;in addition to除……之外（還有……）;when it comes to當(dāng)提到

10. figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;計(jì)算出

【經(jīng)典例句】

Theyre trying to figure out whats going on. 他們?cè)噲D搞清楚發(fā)生了什么事。

It took him a couple of days to figure out what had happened. 他花了好幾天才弄明白到底發(fā)生了什么。

I cant figure out how to do this. 我弄不懂怎樣做這件事。

【歸納拓展】

figure out后面可接名詞、代詞作賓語，也可接“疑問詞+ 動(dòng)詞不定式”或賓語從句。

【短語歸納】

break out （戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難等）爆發(fā);發(fā)生;bring out 使顯示;出版;生產(chǎn);give out 分發(fā);公布;用完;耗盡;come out 出現(xiàn);出版;結(jié)果是;make out 勉強(qiáng)看見、聽出;理解;弄清楚;look out / watch out 當(dāng)心;留神;turn out 制造;生產(chǎn);原來是;結(jié)果是;work out 算出;想出;制定出;鍛煉;解決

【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】

根據(jù)所給漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。

1. His working hard ___ ___ （導(dǎo)致） passing the exam.

2. I come to ___ ___ ___ ___ （為……道歉） keeping you waiting.

3. It is interesting to watch a childs ___

___ （心智發(fā)展）.

4. The policeman ___ ___ ___ （向他示意） to pull over.

5. He ___ ___ ___ （決定） stay for a long time.

6. Her bravery has given him the will to ___ ___ ___ （繼續(xù)） his life and his work.

7. We ___ ___ ___ （用完） water， and had to buy.

8. It took them about one month to ___

___ （弄明白） how to start the equipment.

9. He ___ ___ ___ （很失望） hear the news.

10. I ___ ___ ___ ___ （與……爭論） my parents over my marriage.