鐘佳佳

1. commit vt. 承諾;保證 vi. 忠于;全心全意投入（工作、活動(dòng)等）

【經(jīng)典例句】

Most crimes are committed by young men. 多數(shù)罪行都是年輕人犯下的。

I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working on Sundays. 我建議大家慎重考慮一下答應(yīng)周日工作的問(wèn)題。

Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. 雙方承諾和平解決爭(zhēng)端。

【思維拓展】

commit v. 犯（罪或錯(cuò)等）;承諾;保證;commit sb. / sth. to sb. 將某人/某事交給某人;commit sb. / oneself to sth. / doing sth. 承諾（做）某事;commit sth. to （doing） sth. 投入

【派生詞】

commitment n. 承諾;交托;信奉;committed adj. 盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)信的;堅(jiān)定的;committee n. 委員會(huì)

2. acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等）;（公開(kāi)）感謝

【經(jīng)典例句】

Do you acknowledge that youve been wrong？ 你承不承認(rèn)你錯(cuò)了？

He is acknowledged as one of the greatest pianists. 他被認(rèn)為是最杰出的鋼琴家之一。

We wish to acknowledge the support of the university. 我們希望對(duì)這所大學(xué)所提供的支持表示感謝。

I was standing right next to him， but he didnt even acknowledge me. 我就站在他邊上，可他連個(gè)招呼都不跟我打。

【思維拓展】

acknowledge doing sth. 承認(rèn)做了某事;Its universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公認(rèn)的;acknowledge sb. / sth. to be / as...承認(rèn)某人/某物是……;認(rèn)為……是……;acknowledge sb. with sth. 以……感謝某人

【派生詞】

acknowledgement n. 承認(rèn);感謝

3. defeat vt. 擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝n. 失敗;挫敗

【經(jīng)典例句】

The Brazil national football team suffered a defeat in the World Cup. 巴西國(guó)家足球隊(duì)在世界杯上被擊敗了。

Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. 我們隊(duì)在決賽中惜敗。

Dont let your arms relax as that would defeat the purpose of the exercise. 不要放松手臂，那樣會(huì)達(dá)不到鍛煉的目的。

【易混辨析】

defeat， beat與win

defeat意為擊敗，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程和結(jié)果，賓語(yǔ)是對(duì)手;beat意為打敗;（連續(xù)）擊打，賓語(yǔ)是對(duì)手;win意為贏得;獲勝，賓語(yǔ)是game或prize等。

4. insist vi. & vt. 堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求

【經(jīng)典例句】

He insisted that he was right. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是對(duì)的。

Tu Yoyo and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的隊(duì)友們甚至堅(jiān)持在自己身上試驗(yàn)這種藥，以確保它是安全的。

He insisted that the problem （should） be discussed at the meeting. 他執(zhí)意要求在會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

【思維拓展】

insist on sth. 堅(jiān)決要求某事;堅(jiān)持說(shuō)某事;insist on / upon doing sth. 堅(jiān)持要做某事;insist on / upon ones doing sth. 堅(jiān)持要求某人做某事

【溫馨提示】

insist表示“堅(jiān)持”和“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：insist that... （should） do sth.;而表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”和“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，that從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

5. conclusion n. 結(jié)論;推論

【經(jīng)典例句】

Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for this job. 我斷定他不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。

New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong. 根據(jù)新的證據(jù)可能會(huì)推斷我們是錯(cuò)的。

When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion， his teacher invited the rest of the class to congratulate him. 當(dāng)他圓滿地結(jié)束演講時(shí)，他的老師邀請(qǐng)班上其他同學(xué)祝賀他。

【思維拓展】

make a conclusion下結(jié)論;come to / draw / arrive at / reach a / the conclusion得出結(jié)論;in conclusion（=to conclude） 最后;總之（常作插入語(yǔ)）

【派生詞】

conclude vt. & vi. 結(jié)束;推斷出;conclude from從……推斷出/斷定;conclude sth. with /by以……結(jié)束/終止;conclude... （to be）... 斷定……（是）……

6. pay attention to注意

【經(jīng)典例句】

Please pay attention to what I am saying. 請(qǐng)注意聽(tīng)我講的話。

Newspapers should pay less attention to media celebrities and more attention to our national heroes. 報(bào)紙應(yīng)該少關(guān)注媒體名人，多關(guān)注我們的民族英雄。

More attention will be paid to wildlife protection. 野生生物保護(hù)將得到更多的關(guān)注。

【思維拓展】

give / pay attention to+n. / doing... 注意……;catch / attract ones attention 引起某人的注意;draw / call ones attention to sth. 使某人注意某事（物）;fix ones attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中在某事（物）上

7. other than除……以外

【經(jīng)典例句】

He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan. 除了日本之外，他訪問(wèn)了所有的亞洲國(guó)家。

I have not studied foreign languages other than English. 除了英語(yǔ)外，我沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)其他外語(yǔ)。

We are going away in June but other than that Ill be here all summer. 我們六月份外出，除此之外，我整個(gè)夏天都會(huì)在這里。

【思維拓展】

rather than意為“而不是，而沒(méi)有”，側(cè)重客觀上的差別，還可以表示“與其……，倒不如……”，前后兩端所連接的詞性是一致的，側(cè)重句子主語(yǔ)或說(shuō)話人主觀上的選擇。句中rather than前后一般應(yīng)為名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)，甚至分句等，有時(shí)可用介詞短語(yǔ)instead of替代。

【易混辨析】

other than， except， except for， except that， apart from與besides / in addition to

other than相當(dāng)于except，意為“除了……以外”，除去的部分不在整體之內(nèi);except for “除了……以外”，從細(xì)節(jié)方面對(duì)整體進(jìn)行修正，除去的部分與整體一般不是同一類事物;except that“除了……以外（都）”。that 引導(dǎo)從句，有時(shí)可省略;apart from相當(dāng)于besides 和 in addition to，它還可表示“除了……以外”，用于所言不包括的人或事物前，相當(dāng)于except;besides / in addition to 除了……以外（還有），除去的部分包含在整體之內(nèi)。

8. manage to do設(shè)法做成;努力完成

【經(jīng)典例句】

How did you manage to steer by that difficult question？ 你是怎樣成功回避了那個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題的？

We managed to fulfill the task ahead of time. 我們成功地提前完成了任務(wù)。

We finally managed to get there in time. 最后我們及時(shí)趕到了。

【思維拓展】

manage to 設(shè)法做（成功做到了）某事=succeed in doing sth;manage sth. 經(jīng)營(yíng)/管理……; manage it 能做到;manage sb. 設(shè)法對(duì)付某人;attempt to do嘗試做某事

【易混辨析】

manage to do與try to do

manage to do指設(shè)法做成（完成）某事，含有成功之義，相當(dāng)于succeed in doing sth.;try to do 指爭(zhēng)取做成某事，但不一定成功。例如：

He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)并順利通過(guò)了考試。

He tried to pass the exam， but failed because of laziness. 他試圖想通過(guò)考試，但是由于懶惰而最終失敗了。

9. sum up總結(jié);概括

【經(jīng)典例句】

To sum up， for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. 總之，想要心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)并戒煙。

His speech summed up the present situation of politics. 他的演講概括了目前的政治局勢(shì)。

She quickly summed up the situation and took control. 她很快就判斷出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。

【思維拓展】

in sum總而言之;do / work / make sums / a sum計(jì)算;做算術(shù)題

10. put forward提出;撥快;將……提前;推薦

【經(jīng)典例句】

Who put forward a theory about black holes？ 誰(shuí)提出了黑洞理論？

We have put forward the ceremony by one week. 我們已把典禮提前了一周。

I had no idea who put him forward for this position. 我不知道是誰(shuí)推薦他任這個(gè)職位。

【思維拓展】

put up with忍受;put aside擱置;不理睬;儲(chǔ)蓄;put away把……收起來(lái);儲(chǔ)蓄;put off? 推遲;延期;put through使經(jīng)受;接通（電話）;put out熄滅;出版;生產(chǎn);put back將……放回原處;推遲;put up舉起;張貼;建造;為……提供住宿;推薦;提出

【鞏固訓(xùn)練】

根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子，每空一詞。

1. How did you ____ ____ （設(shè)法） persuade him as he was such a stubborn man.

2. They? ____ ____ ____ ____ （堅(jiān)持被告知） the details of the accident.

3. The new measures ____ ____ ____ ____ （還沒(méi)有被提出） to protect the endangered animals in this area.

4. The President __? _ _? __ ____ （承諾要） reforming health care when he came to power.

5. Their team ____ ____ ____ （惜?。?in the first round of the playoffs.

6. Much attention should ____ ____ ____ （注意） the air pollution in the downtown.

7. I havent learned any musical instrument ____ ____ （除了） the guitar.

8. ____ ____ ____ ____ （是大家公認(rèn)的） he is the best football player in the world.

9. We can safely ____ ____ ____ （得出一些結(jié)論） from our discussion.

10. ____ ____ ____ （概括地說(shuō)）， you will make great progress as long as you devote yourself to learning English.