方存明 伍超 胡學(xué)俊 劉冰
【摘要】 目的:探討不同途徑應(yīng)用替羅非班對急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術(shù)后炎癥因子及內(nèi)皮功能的影響。方法:選擇2018年1月-2019年3月本院心血管內(nèi)科收治的擬行PCI術(shù)的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者110例。按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為對照組55例和觀察組55例。對照組患者給予常規(guī)治療+替羅非班外周靜脈滴注,首次計(jì)量為10 μg/kg,再以0.15 μg/(kg·min)經(jīng)微量注射泵持續(xù)靜脈泵入24 h;觀察組患者常規(guī)治療+替羅非班經(jīng)冠狀動脈內(nèi)注射用藥,首次用藥劑量為10 μg/kg,再以0.15 μg/(kg·min)經(jīng)微量注射泵行持續(xù)靜脈注射24 h。比較兩組患者術(shù)后血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、NO、VEGF、vWF水平及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:術(shù)前及術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、NO、VEGF、vWF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、VEGF、vWF均明顯升高,血清NO濃度均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1周,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、VEGF、vWF均較術(shù)后1 d明顯下降,且觀察組均明顯低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1周,兩組血清NO均較術(shù)后1 d升高,且觀察組高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對照組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為18.2%,觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為18.2%,兩組患者治療期間的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:在常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上,替羅非班經(jīng)冠狀動脈內(nèi)注射用藥與外周靜脈用藥相比,可明顯降低急性心肌梗死患者PCI術(shù)后血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、vWF、VEGF濃度,提高血清NO濃度,且未增加不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 替羅非班 心肌梗死 炎癥因子
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of Tirofiban on inflammatory factors and endothelial function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Method: A total of 110 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who planned to undergo PCI were enrolled in the department of cardiology of our hospital from January 2018 to March 2019. According to random number table method, the patients were divided into control group 55 cases and observation group 55 cases. Control group was given conventional treatment + peripheral intravenous infusion of Tirofiban, the first dose was 10 μg/kg, and then 0.15 μg/ (kg·min) through microinjection pump for 24 h continuous intravenous infusion. Observation group was treated with routine therapy + Tirofiban intra-coronary injection, the first dose was 10 μg/kg, and then 0.15 μg/ (kg·min) through micro injection pump for continuous intravenous injection for 24 h. The levels of serum CyPA, hs-CRP, MMP-9, NO, VEGF, vWF and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups after operation. Result: Before and 1 d after surgery, there were no significant differences in serum CyPA, hs-CRP, MMP-9, NO, VEGF and VWF between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with preoperation, 1 d after operation, serum CyPA, hs-CRP, MMP-9, VEGF and vWF were significantly increased in both groups, while serum NO concentration were significantly decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
1 week after operation, the serum CyPA, hs-CRP, MMP-9, VEGF, vWF in both groups were significantly decreased compared with 1 d after operation, and the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 week after operation, serum NO in both groups were higher than those on 1 d after operation, and the observation group was higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 18.2%, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 18.2%, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of conventional treatment, Tirofiban intra-coronary injection compared with peripheral intravenous administration significantly reduced serum concentrations of CyPA, hs-CRP, MMP-9, vWF and VEGF in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI, increased serum NO concentration, and did not increase the occurrence of adverse reactions.
[Key words] Tirofiban Myocardial infarction Inflammatory factors
First-authors address: The Peoples Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng 242000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.11.016
急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死是在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化基礎(chǔ)下斑塊破裂,誘導(dǎo)血小板聚集、血栓形成,導(dǎo)致持續(xù)冠脈閉塞引起心肌梗死,是冠心病嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥之一。經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)(PCI)能迅速開通閉塞冠脈,是恢復(fù)冠脈血流、改善心肌供血最有效的方法[1]。然而PCI術(shù)后球囊擴(kuò)張、支架植入及冠脈再灌注損傷內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、激活冠脈局部炎癥聯(lián)級擴(kuò)大,是PCI術(shù)后支架內(nèi)再狹窄的重要因素[2-3]。替羅非班(Tirofiban)是一種血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa拮抗劑,具有強(qiáng)效抗血小板聚集作用,預(yù)防急性血栓形成,廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床[4],但給藥途徑仍有爭議。本研究旨在探討替羅非班不同給藥途徑對急診PCI術(shù)后患者內(nèi)皮功能及炎癥因子的影響,為急性心肌梗死臨床治療提供依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選擇2018年1月-2019年3月本院心血管內(nèi)科收治的擬行PCI術(shù)的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者110例,男65例,女45例;年齡52~78歲,平均(63.2±2.1)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會心血管病學(xué)分會《急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死診斷和治療》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5];(2)經(jīng)冠狀動脈造影證實(shí)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能障礙;嚴(yán)重凝血機(jī)制異常;惡性腫瘤;近期有其他活動性出血病史如消化性潰瘍等并發(fā)癥;近期重大外傷、腦出血、腦梗死病史;心源性休克、自身免疫性疾病;嚴(yán)重的全身其他系統(tǒng)疾病。按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為對照組55例和觀察組55例。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核通過,所有患者均簽署了知情同意書。
1.2 方法 兩組確診后均予以嚼服阿司匹林腸溶片(生產(chǎn)廠家:拜耳醫(yī)藥保健有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字J20171021,規(guī)格:100 mg/片),300 mg+硫酸氫氯比格雷片(生產(chǎn)廠家:賽諾菲制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字J20180029,規(guī)格:75 mg/片)
300 mg,口服阿托伐他汀片(生產(chǎn)廠家:輝瑞制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20051408,規(guī)格:20 mg/片)20 mg。對照組術(shù)中立即予以替羅非班注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:魯南貝特制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20090328,規(guī)格:50 mL︰
12.5 mg)外周靜脈滴注,首次計(jì)量為10 μg/kg,再以0.15 μg/(kg·min)經(jīng)微量注射泵持續(xù)靜脈泵入24 h;觀察組于術(shù)中予以替羅非班經(jīng)冠狀動脈內(nèi)注射用藥,首次用藥劑量為10 μg/kg,再以
0.15 μg/(kg·min)經(jīng)微量注射泵行持續(xù)靜脈注射24 h,術(shù)后常規(guī)予以低分子肝素注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:齊魯制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20030428,規(guī)格:0.2 mL︰2 500 IU)抗凝治療。術(shù)后第1天開始口服阿司匹林腸溶片100 mg,1次/d,阿托伐他汀鈣片20 mg,每晚1次;硫酸氫氯比格雷片75 mg,1次/d,根據(jù)患者病情需要給予血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶抑制劑(ACEI)、β受體阻滯、硝酸酯類藥。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察兩組患者術(shù)后1 d和術(shù)后1周的CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、NO、vWF、VEGF水平及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。采用日立全自動生化分析儀以酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(ELISA)法檢測CyPA、MMP-9、
hs-CRP、VEGF、vWF,試劑盒購自上海亞培生物科技有限公司,采用硝酸還原酶比色法檢測NO,試劑盒均購自深圳晶美生物工程有限公司。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 19.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者的基線資料比較 兩組患者的性別、年齡、吸煙史等基線資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 兩組手術(shù)前后血清炎癥因子水平比較 術(shù)前及術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9均明顯升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后1周,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9均較術(shù)后1 d明顯下降,且觀察組均明顯低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組手術(shù)前后內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)比
較 術(shù)前及術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清NO、VEGF、vWF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清NO濃度均明顯下降,血清VEGF、vWF濃度均明顯上升,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后1周,兩組血清NO均較術(shù)后1 d升高,且觀察組高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后1周,兩組血清VEGF、vWF均較術(shù)后1 d下降,且觀察組均低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 治療期間對照組患者出現(xiàn)頭暈4例、食欲不振3例、皮疹1例、其他2例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為18.2%;觀察組患者出現(xiàn)頭暈5例、食欲不振2例、皮疹2例、其他1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為18.2%。兩組患者治療期間的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
3 討論
急診PCI術(shù)是開通罪犯血管,改善冠狀動脈供血,降低死亡率和改善預(yù)后最直接、最有效的方法[5]。但是PCI術(shù)中球囊擴(kuò)展、支架植入等原因損傷內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、擴(kuò)大冠狀動脈局部炎癥聯(lián)級反應(yīng),致使多種炎癥因子及黏附分子表達(dá)是最終造成支架內(nèi)再狹窄的重要原因[6-7]。因此改善PCI術(shù)后內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能、抑制炎癥反應(yīng),對PCI術(shù)后患者預(yù)后至關(guān)重要。
大量研究表明,氧化應(yīng)激產(chǎn)生活性氧(ROS)誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞分泌的CyPA,兩者相互影響形成放大效應(yīng),誘導(dǎo)炎癥細(xì)胞釋放多種炎癥因子、促進(jìn)平滑肌細(xì)胞增生和遷移,參與冠心病發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程[8];hs-CRP是炎癥反應(yīng)的非特異性標(biāo)記物,參與冠心病發(fā)展的病理生理過程,PCI術(shù)后冠狀動脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損失、局部炎癥因子聯(lián)級反應(yīng),誘導(dǎo)hs-CRP大量分泌,促進(jìn)支架內(nèi)內(nèi)膜增生,是PCI術(shù)后再狹窄重要因素[9];炎癥細(xì)胞分泌MMP-9能降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(ECM),誘導(dǎo)粥樣斑塊內(nèi)血管的生成、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞遷移、炎癥細(xì)胞聚集,促進(jìn)冠狀動脈斑塊增長和破裂[10];血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞釋放NO具有擴(kuò)張血管、抑制炎癥細(xì)胞黏附、血小板聚集,保證冠狀動脈灌注和微循環(huán),PCI術(shù)后內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能受損,NO分泌不足,致血管痙攣,加重心肌缺血[11-12];血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞缺血、缺氧狀況下分泌大量VEGF,可誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生、新生血管形成,改善缺血心肌供血,與心肌缺血程度成正相關(guān)[13-17];vWF由血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞合成并存儲于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞之中,血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞受損后分泌到血液中參與血栓形成,是血管內(nèi)皮損傷的特異性標(biāo)志物之一[18-22]。
替羅非班血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑,具有高特異性,可以有效抑制血小板聚集、減輕炎癥反應(yīng)及改善內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能。本研究結(jié)果顯示與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后1 d,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、VEGF、vWF均明顯升高,血清NO濃度均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示急性心肌梗死心肌缺血、急診PCI術(shù)中球囊擴(kuò)張、支架植入、再灌注損傷等因素誘發(fā)冠狀動脈局部炎癥反應(yīng)擴(kuò)大,內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能受損。
術(shù)后1周,兩組血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、VEGF、vWF均較術(shù)后1 d明顯下降,血清NO濃度均較術(shù)后1 d升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示替羅非班能抑制血小板聚集、改善冠狀動脈微循環(huán)、抑制冠狀動脈局部炎癥反應(yīng),改善內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能。術(shù)后1周,觀察組與對照組相比,血清CyPA、hs-CRP、MMP-9、vWF、VEGF下降更明顯,血清NO濃度明顯上升,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示經(jīng)冠狀動脈內(nèi)途徑注入替羅非班較外周靜脈途徑注入替羅非班更能改善急診PCI術(shù)后冠狀動脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能、抑制冠狀動脈局部炎癥反應(yīng)、改善心臟微循環(huán)。
綜上所述,經(jīng)冠狀動脈內(nèi)途徑注入替羅非班更能改善急診PCI術(shù)后冠狀動脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能、抑制炎癥反應(yīng),改善患者預(yù)后,但本研究樣本量較少,此結(jié)論有待大樣本,多中心進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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(收稿日期:2020-07-27) (本文編輯:姬思雨)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年11期