孫文龍
【摘要】 目的:研究與觀察經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)對(duì)復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)的影響。方法:選取2017年10月-2019年7月本院收治的100例復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者為研究對(duì)象,將其依據(jù)治療方式的不同分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各50例。對(duì)照組采用開(kāi)放手術(shù),觀察組采用經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)。比較兩組的手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、結(jié)石清除率、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后不適感程度、手術(shù)前后的尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩組的手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組的術(shù)中出血量少于對(duì)照組,結(jié)石清除率高于對(duì)照組,住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后1、3 d的不適程度均輕于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=2.899、2.769,P=0.003、0.006)。觀察組術(shù)后的尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)在復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者中的應(yīng)用效果較好,且對(duì)尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)的影響更為積極,因此在復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù) 復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石 尿液炎癥 腎損傷
Study on the Influence of Holmium Laser with Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy for Urinary Inflammation and Renal Injury Indexes of Patients with Complex Renal Calculi/SUN Wenlong. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(05): 0-028
[Abstract] Objective: To study and observe the influence of holmium laser with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for urinary inflammation and renal injury indexes of patients with complex renal calculi. Method: A total of 100 patients with complex renal calculi from October 2017 to July 2019 were selected for the study, and they were divided into control group and observation group by the differences of treatment methods, 50 cases in each group. Open surgery was performed in the control group, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed in the observation group. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, stone removal rates, hospitalization time, postoperative discomfort degree after the operation, urinary inflammation and renal injury indexes before and after the operation of two groups were compared. Result: There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (P>0.05); the intraoperative blood loss of the observation group was less than that of the control group, the stone clearance rate was higher than that of the control group, and the hospital stay was shorter than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 d and 3 d after surgery, the degree of discomfort in the observation group were less than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (Z=2.899, 2.769, P=0.003, 0.006). The indexes of postoperative urinary inflammation and renal injury in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application effect of holmium laser with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the patients with patients with complex renal calculi is better, and the influence influence for urinary inflammation and renal injury indexes are more active, so its application value in the patients with complex renal calculi is higher.
[Key words] Holmium laser with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy Complex renal calculi Urinary inflammation Renal injury
First-authors address: Xingcheng Peoples Hospital, Xingcheng 125100, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.05.007
復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石的臨床治療難度相對(duì)更大,且治療過(guò)程對(duì)患者造成的影響也更為突出,不良影響主要為腎損傷,由此導(dǎo)致相關(guān)指標(biāo)的異常升高,同時(shí)本類(lèi)患者尿液中的炎癥指標(biāo)在術(shù)后一定時(shí)間內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)顯著升高的狀態(tài),且其表達(dá)水平與創(chuàng)傷程度及術(shù)后恢復(fù)效果密切相關(guān),因此是本類(lèi)手術(shù)患者的監(jiān)測(cè)重點(diǎn)方面[1-2]。本研究就經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)對(duì)復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)的影響進(jìn)行觀察與研究,并與傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹手術(shù)患者進(jìn)行比較,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2017年10月-2019年7月本院收治的100例復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者為研究對(duì)象,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):20~65歲;符合復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并泌尿系感染;腎功能不全;妊娠期及月經(jīng)期女性;精神病史;伴有認(rèn)知障礙。將患者依據(jù)治療方式的不同分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各50例?;颊邔?duì)研究知情同意,該研究已經(jīng)本院倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 對(duì)照組采用開(kāi)放手術(shù)治療,患者全麻后,采用健側(cè)臥位進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,于12肋間做手術(shù)切口,依次分離各層組織,將腎臟進(jìn)行游離處理,切開(kāi)腎盂取出結(jié)石,較大結(jié)石可向腎竇內(nèi)延長(zhǎng),鹿角型者則可適當(dāng)切開(kāi)腎實(shí)質(zhì)取石,然后充分沖洗病灶,進(jìn)行其他后期處理。觀察組則采用經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)治療,患者麻醉后,取截石位,逆行插入導(dǎo)尿管,直至腎盂,成功后建立經(jīng)皮腎通道,擴(kuò)張,以腎鏡探查結(jié)石,以鈥激光逐層碎石,并沖洗,較大結(jié)石以鱷嘴鉗處理。兩組患者的其他治療均相同。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 比較兩組的手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、結(jié)石清除率(CT對(duì)雙腎進(jìn)行平掃,未發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)石)、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后不適感程度(VAS評(píng)分)、手術(shù)前后的尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)。(1)于術(shù)前及術(shù)后3、7 d采集兩組的尿液標(biāo)本進(jìn)行檢測(cè),檢測(cè)指標(biāo)為炎癥指標(biāo),包括IL-6、TNF-α及PGE2,另取上述時(shí)間的外周靜脈血,將血標(biāo)本離心后取血清進(jìn)行檢測(cè),檢測(cè)指標(biāo)為cys C、NGAL及β2-MG,上述指標(biāo)均分別以酶聯(lián)免疫法試劑盒進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè)。兩名檢驗(yàn)科工作人員嚴(yán)格按照每項(xiàng)試劑盒的說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行操作檢測(cè)。(2)于術(shù)后1、3 d評(píng)價(jià)兩組患者的不適感程度,采用VAS評(píng)分進(jìn)行評(píng)估,評(píng)分范圍0~10分,0分為無(wú)不適,隨著分值升高表示不適感增強(qiáng),≤3分、4~6分及7~10分分別表示輕度、中度及重度不適[3]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 22.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料的檢驗(yàn)采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較 對(duì)照組,男29例,女21例;年齡27~65歲,平均(50.2±7.0)歲;病灶直徑2.5~7.1 cm,平均(3.9±0.5)cm;病灶部位:左側(cè)22例,右側(cè)28例。觀察組,男30例,女20例;年齡28~65歲,平均(50.5±7.2)歲;病灶直徑2.6~7.2 cm,平均(3.8±0.7)cm;病灶部位:左側(cè)23例,右側(cè)27例。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、結(jié)石清除率及住院時(shí)間比較 兩組的手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組的術(shù)中出血量少于對(duì)照組,結(jié)石清除率高于對(duì)照組,住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 兩組術(shù)后不適程度比較 觀察組術(shù)后1、3 d的不適程度均輕于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=2.899、2.769,P=0.003、0.006),見(jiàn)表2。
2.4 兩組手術(shù)前后的尿液炎癥指標(biāo)比較 術(shù)前,兩組的尿液炎癥指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后3、7 d,觀察組的尿液炎癥指標(biāo)均顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.5 兩組手術(shù)前后的腎損傷指標(biāo)比較 術(shù)前,兩組的血清腎損傷指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后3、7 d,觀察組的腎損傷指標(biāo)均顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
3 討論
腎結(jié)石在臨床多見(jiàn),而復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石治療難度較大的同時(shí),手術(shù)導(dǎo)致的創(chuàng)傷也更大,因此對(duì)復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者進(jìn)行治療的過(guò)程中,對(duì)于手術(shù)性損傷的控制要求更高[4-6]。臨床中以經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)治療復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石的研究顯示,其相對(duì)于開(kāi)放式手術(shù)的創(chuàng)口相對(duì)較小,且在出血量控制方面也有一定優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)對(duì)于術(shù)后的康復(fù)效果與速度具有提升作用[7-8],但是與之相關(guān)的研究差異仍普遍存在,如有研究認(rèn)為,其在手術(shù)時(shí)間的控制方面仍存在不足,且對(duì)結(jié)石的清除效果仍有待提升等[9-11],因此與傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)放式手術(shù)效果的進(jìn)一步細(xì)致且全面的比較仍極為必要。另外,手術(shù)治療過(guò)程中的局部炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)作為反映腎臟受疾病與手術(shù)影響程度的重要指標(biāo)[12-15],在術(shù)后的變化監(jiān)測(cè)有助于了解患者的康復(fù)效果,同時(shí)對(duì)于手術(shù)方式的應(yīng)用可取程度具有反映效果,進(jìn)一步提升了監(jiān)測(cè)的意義。
本研究就經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)對(duì)復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)的影響進(jìn)行觀察,結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)的臨床應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)相對(duì)好于常規(guī)開(kāi)放式手術(shù),在手術(shù)時(shí)間方面與開(kāi)放手術(shù)無(wú)明顯差異,但在術(shù)中出血量、結(jié)石清除率、住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分方面相對(duì)更好,同時(shí)術(shù)后尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)相對(duì)較好,說(shuō)明經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)的綜合臨床應(yīng)用效果更好。分析原因,經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較小,同時(shí)術(shù)中出血控制較好等原因[16-17],均有效控制了機(jī)體的不良應(yīng)激,因此炎性反應(yīng)指標(biāo)與腎損傷均更小,同時(shí)炎性反應(yīng)指標(biāo)與腎損傷指標(biāo)又互為影響,兩者均有效控制的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)得以凸顯[18-20]。
綜上所述,經(jīng)皮腎鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)在復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石患者中的應(yīng)用效果較好,且對(duì)尿液炎癥及腎損傷指標(biāo)的影響更為積極,應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-04) (本文編輯:張爽)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年5期