姜冬梅 張志想 李世訪
摘要 :錦紫蘇又名彩葉草,是一種草本觀賞植物,可以被馬鈴薯紡錘塊莖類病毒科錦紫蘇類病毒屬的類病毒侵染。目前為止,共發(fā)現(xiàn)了6種錦紫蘇類病毒,分別為錦紫蘇類病毒1~錦紫蘇類病毒6(CbVd1~CbVd6),它們具有共同的中央保守區(qū)(CCR),存在廣泛的分子間重組,其嵌合體的發(fā)現(xiàn)為研究類病毒RNA重組提供了較為理想的試驗材料。本文系統(tǒng)綜述了錦紫蘇類病毒的分類地位及分子特征、檢測方法、與寄主互作等方面的研究進展,并對錦紫蘇類病毒研究中的熱點和難點問題進行了討論和展望。
關(guān)鍵詞 :類病毒; 錦紫蘇; RNA重組; 寄主
中圖分類號: S 432.4
文獻標(biāo)識碼: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020325
Research progress in coleus viroids
JIANG Dongmei1, ZHANG Zhixiang2, LI Shifang2*
(1. Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and
Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; 2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect
Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)
Abstract :Coleus (Coleus blumei) is an ornamental plant grown worldwide and can be infected by several viroids in the genus Coleviroid, family Pospiviroidae. Up to now, six viroids that infect coleus have been reported: Coleus blumei viroid1 to Coleus blumei viroid6 (CbVd1—CbVd6). They share a common central conserved region (CCR). Moreover, intermolecular recombination is common among them, and existence of chimeras provides an ideal experimental material for the study of RNA recombination in viroids. In this paper, the taxonomy, molecular characteristics, detection methods and the interactions between hosts and coleus viroids were reviewed. Furthermore, the focal and difficult problems in coleus viroids were prospected.
Key words :viroid; coleus; RNA recombination; host
類病毒(viroid)是一類單鏈共價閉合環(huán)狀的RNA分子,無蛋白外殼包裹,由246~435個核苷酸(nucleotide, nt)組成,是目前已知的最小植物病原物,可侵染許多重要的果樹、觀賞植物以及蔬菜等[1]。錦紫蘇又名彩葉草,是一種草本觀賞植物,起源于印度尼西亞。目前為止,共發(fā)現(xiàn)了6種錦紫蘇類病毒,分別命名為錦紫蘇類病毒1~錦紫蘇類病毒6(Coleus blumei viroid1~Coleus blumei viroid6, CbVd1~CbVd6)[1]。
1 分類及分子特征
6種錦紫蘇類病毒均屬于馬鈴薯紡錘形塊莖類病毒科Pospiviroidae錦紫蘇類病毒屬Coleviroid,其基因組大小各不相同,在248~364 nt之間[1](表1),能折疊成由一系列短的莖環(huán)組成的棒狀二級結(jié)構(gòu)(圖1),具有相同的中央保守區(qū)(central conserved region, CCR)。如圖1所示,錦紫蘇類病毒間存在明顯的重組現(xiàn)象,二級結(jié)構(gòu)中,CbVd1的左半部分與CbVd4的左半部分相同;CbVd2的左半部分與CbVd3、CbVd6的左半部分相同;而CbVd1與CbVd2,CbVd3與CbVd4,CbVd5與CbVd6的右半部分分別相同。因此,從二級結(jié)構(gòu)位置上而言,CbVd2與CbVd4是左右部分相反的兩個嵌合體多個錦紫蘇類病毒嵌合體的發(fā)現(xiàn)為類病毒分子間重組提供了直接確鑿的分子遺傳學(xué)證據(jù)[23]。
2 發(fā)現(xiàn)及分布
1981年,F(xiàn)onseca等從巴西的市售黃色錦紫蘇中發(fā)現(xiàn)了CbVd1[4],這是第一個被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錦紫蘇類病毒;1990年,Spieker等首次報道了CbVd1的全序列[5]。隨后,世界上很多國家包括加拿大、日本、中國、韓國、印度、馬來西亞、克羅地亞等,陸續(xù)對CbVd1在該國的首次發(fā)現(xiàn)進行了報道[612]。1996年,德國科學(xué)家首次報道了CbVd2[2],它是第一個被發(fā)現(xiàn)的自然界中存在的類病毒嵌合體,除德國之外,中國也報道了此類病毒[13]。1991年,德國科學(xué)家首次報道了CbVd3[14],中國[15]和克羅地亞[12]也相繼報道了此類病毒。CbVd4是1996年德國科學(xué)家人工構(gòu)建的已被證明具有生物學(xué)活性的嵌合體,目前未在自然寄主中發(fā)現(xiàn)[2]。CbVd5[16]和CbVd6[3]是中國科學(xué)家報道的兩個類病毒新種,自2009年首次報道以來,印度和印度尼西亞的錦紫蘇樣品中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了CbVd5[17];隨后,日本的錦紫蘇樣品中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了CbVd5[18];2018年,加拿大學(xué)者從市售錦紫蘇樣品中檢測到了CbVd5和CbVd6,并進一步驗證了CbVd1普遍存在于加拿大市售的不同品種錦紫蘇中[1920]。由此可見,目前除CbVd4未在自然寄主中發(fā)現(xiàn)以外,其他5種錦紫蘇類病毒均存在于自然寄主錦紫蘇中,且分布越來越廣泛(表1)。
[2] SPIEKER R L. In vitrogenerated ‘inverse chimeric Coleus blumei viroids evolve in vivo into infectious RNA replicons [J]. Journal of General Virology, 1996, 77(11): 28392846.
[3] HOU Wanying, LI Shifang, WU Zujian, et al. Coleus blumei viroid 6: a new tentative member of the genus Coleviroid derived from natural genome shuffling [J]. Archives of Virology, 2009, 154(6): 993997.
[4] FONSECA M E N. A viroid from Coleus species in Brazil [J]. Plant Disease, 1990, 74(1): 80.
[5] SPIEKER R L, HAAS B, CHARNG Y C, et al. Primary and secondary structure of a new viroid “species” (CbVd1) present in the Coleus blumei cultivar ‘Bienvenue [J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990, 18(13): 3998.
[6] SINGH R P, BOUCHER A. High incidence of transmission and occurrence of viroid in commercial seeds of Coleus in Canada [J]. Plant Disease, 1991, 75(2): 184187.
[7] ISHIGURO A, SANO T, HARADA Y. Nucleotide sequence and host range of a coleus viroid isolated from coleus (Coleus blumei Benth) in Japan [J]. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 1996, 62(1): 8486.
[8] LI Shifang, SU Qianfu, GUO Rui, et al. First report of Coleus blumei viroid from coleus in China [J]. Plant Pathology, 2006, 55: 565.
[9] CHUNG B M, CHOI G S. Incidence of Coleus blumei viroid 1 in seeds of commercial coleus in Korea [J]. The Plant Pathology Journal, 2008, 24(3): 305308.
[10]ADKARPURUSHOTHAMA C R. First report of Coleus blumei viroid infecting coleus in India [J]. Plant Disease, 2013, 97(1): 149.
[11]ROSLAN N N C, THANARAJOO S S, KADIR J, et al. First report of Coleus blumei viroid in Malaysia [J]. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017, 99(3): 800.
[12]KORIC'D, CˇERNI S, JEZERNIK K, et al. Molecular characterization of Coleus blumei viroids 1 and 3 in Plectranthus scutellarioides in Croatia [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019, 155: 731742.
[13]FU Fanghong, LI Shifang, JIANG Dongmei, et al. First report of Coleus blumei viroid 2 from commercial coleus in China [J]. Plant Disease, 2011, 95(4): 494.
[14]SPIEKER R L, MARINKOVIC S, SANGER H L. A new sequence variant of Coleus blumei viroid 3 from the Coleus blumei cultivar ‘Fairway Ruby [J]. Archives of Virology, 1996, 141(8): 13771386.
[15]JIANG Dongmei, LI Shifang, FU Fanghong, et al. First reported occurrence of Coleus blumei viroid 3 in China [J]. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011, 93(4): 82.
[16]HOU Wanying, SANO T, LI Shifang, et al. Identification and characterization of a new Coleviroid (CbVd5) [J]. Archives of Virology, 2009, 154: 315320.
[17]JIANG Dongmei, LI Shifang, FU Fanghong, et al. First report of Coleus blumei viroid 5 from Coleus blumei in India and Indonesia [J]. Plant Disease, 2013, 97(4): 561.
[18]TSUSHIMA T, SANO T. First report of Coleus blumei viroid 5 infection in vegetatively propagated clonal coleus cv. ‘Aurora black cherry in Japan [J]. New Disease Reports, 2015, 32: 7.
[19]SMITH R L, LAWRENCE J, SHUKLA M, et al. First report of Coleus blumei viroid 5 and molecular confirmation of Coleus blumei viroid 1 in commercial Coleus blumei in Canada [J]. Plant Disease, 2018, 102(9): 1862.
[20]SMITH R L, LAWRENCE J, SHUKLA M, et al. Occurrence of Coleus blumei viroid 6 in commercial Coleus blumei in CanadaThe first report outside of China [J]. Plant Disease, 2019, 103: 782.
[21]蘇前富, 郭瑞, 成卓敏, 等. 中國錦紫蘇類病毒的檢測及其分子生物學(xué)特征研究[J].植物病理學(xué)報, 2006, 36(3): 226231.
[22]ZHANG Yongjiang, YIN Jun, JIANG Dongmei, et al. Universal oligonucleotide microarray with a minimal number of probes for the detection and identification of viroids at the genus level [J/OL]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(5): e64474.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064474.
[23]JIANG Dongmei, WANG Meng, ZHANG Zhixiang, et al. Highthroughput sequencing analysis of small RNAs derived from Coleus blumei viroids [J/OL]. Viruses, 2019, 11(7): 619.DOI:10.3390/v11070619.
[24]JIANG Dongmei, WU Zujian, XIE Lianhui, et al. Sapdirect RTPCR for the rapid detection of Coleus blumei viroids of the genus Coleviroid from natural host plants [J]. Journal of Virological Methods, 2011, 174(12): 123127.
[25]JIANG Dongmei, HOU Wanying, SANO T, et al. Rapid detection and identification of viroids in the genus Coleviroid using a universal probe [J]. Journal of Virological Methods, 2013, 187(2): 321326.
[26]SPIEKER R L. A new sequence variant of Coleus blumei viroid 1 from the Coleus blumei cultivar “Rainbow Gold” [J]. Archives of Virology, 1996, 141(11): 21532161.
[27]JIANG Dongmei, GAO Rui, QIN Lü, et al. Infectious cDNA clones of four viroids in Coleus blumei and molecular characterization of their progeny [J]. Virus Research, 2014, 180: 97101.
[28]TSUSHIMA T, SANO T. A pointmutation of Coleus blumei viroid 1 switches the potential to transmit through seed [J]. Journal of General Virology, 2018, 99(3): 393401.
(責(zé)任編輯:田 喆)