閆麗娟 吉昂
[摘要]目的:探討眶隔脂肪重置聯(lián)合睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合術(shù)治療退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻的療效。方法:本組共56例(74只眼)退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻患者,分為AB兩組,A組40只眼,單純行眼瞼皮膚眼輪匝肌切除+睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合術(shù),B組34只眼,行眼瞼皮膚眼輪匝肌切除+睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合術(shù)+眶脂肪重置術(shù),觀察術(shù)后1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月、1年治愈率,復(fù)發(fā)率,有無(wú)過(guò)矯及瞼外翻現(xiàn)象。結(jié)果:術(shù)后1個(gè)月,3個(gè)月治愈率及未愈率組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1年B組治愈率高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:眶脂肪重置術(shù)聯(lián)合睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合術(shù)治療退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻,遠(yuǎn)期復(fù)發(fā)率較低,對(duì)于有瞼袋或相關(guān)美容需求患者更為合適。
[關(guān)鍵詞]眶隔脂肪;退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻;翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合;眼輪匝肌切除術(shù);治愈率;遠(yuǎn)期療效
[中圖分類號(hào)]R622? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2021)01-0009-03
The Effect of Orbital Septum Fat Replacement Combined with Infraciliary Rotation Sutures in the Treatment of Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion
YAN Li-juan,JI Ang
(Department of Ophthalmology,Beijing Haidian Hospital,Beijing 100080,China)
Abstract: Objective? To evaluate the technique of orbital septum fat replacement combined with infraciliary rotation sutures for correction involutional lower eyelid entropion. Methods? There were 56 patients (74 eyes) with involutional lower eyelid entropion. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A had 40 eyes, executed eyelid skin blepharosphincterectomy and infraciliary rotation sutures. Group B had 34 eyes, combined eyelid skin blepharosphincterectomy and infraciliary rotation sutures with orbital septum fat replacement. One month, 3 months and one year after operation, the cure rate, recurrence rate, overcorrection and ectropion were observed. Results? There was no significant difference in the cure rate and non cure rate between the two groups at one month and 3 months after operation(P>0.05). One year after operation, the cure rate of group B was higher than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion? Orbital septum fat replacement and infraciliary rotation sutures for correction involutional lower eyelid entropion had lower recurrence rate, suited for obvious eyelid pouch and cosmetic requirement patients.
Key words: orbital septal fat; involutional lower eyelid entropion; rotation sutures; orbicularis oculi muscle resection; cure rate; long-term efficacy
瞼內(nèi)翻指眼瞼,特別是瞼緣向眼球方向翻轉(zhuǎn)的異常狀態(tài),瞼內(nèi)翻使睫毛刺激眼球引起異物感、疼痛、流淚等癥狀,嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致角膜上皮脫落和潰瘍。退行性瞼內(nèi)翻又稱為老年性瞼內(nèi)翻,常見于下瞼,影響因素包括眼瞼水平方向松弛,眼瞼縮肌變細(xì)或斷裂而致下瞼縮肌無(wú)力,眶隔前眼輪匝肌跨越[1],是眼科常見的退行性外眼疾病。臨床上退行性瞼內(nèi)翻多采用眼輪匝肌切除術(shù)、眼輪匝肌折疊縮短術(shù)、部分瞼板切斷術(shù)、下瞼縮肌腱膜縫合法、睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合等手術(shù)治療,術(shù)式多樣[2-7]。退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻患者常常合并瞼袋,而瞼內(nèi)翻手術(shù)同時(shí)矯正并存的瞼袋,會(huì)增加手術(shù)成功率,同時(shí)獲得外觀改善[8-9]。既往瞼袋手術(shù)多采取眶脂肪切除術(shù),會(huì)導(dǎo)致下瞼的支撐力更加減弱,后期眼眶凹陷等問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重,過(guò)矯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大[10]。本研究對(duì)目前常用的睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合,聯(lián)合眶脂肪重置術(shù)治療退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻,進(jìn)行了近期及遠(yuǎn)期治愈率、復(fù)發(fā)率和過(guò)矯情況的臨床觀察。
1? 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:本組共56例(74只眼)患者退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻手術(shù),年齡55~90歲,平均74.73歲,其中有6例為復(fù)發(fā)性下瞼內(nèi)翻,分為AB兩組,A組40只眼,單純行眼瞼皮膚眼輪匝肌部分切除+睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合,B組34只眼,為有明顯瞼袋或患者要求聯(lián)合行瞼袋術(shù)者,行眼瞼皮膚眼輪匝肌部分切除+睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合+眶脂肪重置術(shù)。雙眼手術(shù)患者行相同術(shù)式,所有手術(shù)均由同一位術(shù)者操作。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
1.2.1 A組:用2%利多卡因加適量0.1%腎上腺素作下瞼皮下浸潤(rùn)麻醉,平行于下瞼緣于睫毛下2mm做水平切口,直達(dá)外眥角部,然后以120°角轉(zhuǎn)向外眥角外下方,順“魚尾紋”方向延伸約8mm。切除少量多余皮膚及瞼部眼輪匝肌,用6-0可吸收線從切口上緣皮下眼輪匝肌入針,穿過(guò)下方瞼板從切口下緣眼輪匝肌出針,行4~5對(duì)褥式縫合,使瞼緣向外翻轉(zhuǎn),余皮膚用6-0尼龍線帶瞼板下緣淺筋膜間斷縫合。
1.2.2 B組:在淚溝及眶區(qū)凹陷需要填充部位畫線標(biāo)記,切口同上,下瞼及眶下緣皮下浸潤(rùn)麻醉,在眼輪匝肌肌皮瓣下向眶下緣分離直至弓狀緣下10mm,打開下方眶隔,充分釋放眶脂肪,5-0尼龍線將眶脂肪縫合固定于標(biāo)記區(qū)眶下緣骨膜表面,6-0可吸收線將眶隔向下覆蓋縫合。囑患者向上方看,向顳上方輕輕提拉皮瓣,去除下瞼多余松弛皮膚,用6-0可吸收線從切口上緣皮下眼輪匝肌入針,穿過(guò)下方瞼板從切口下緣眼輪匝肌出針,行3對(duì)褥式縫合,使瞼緣向外翻轉(zhuǎn),余皮膚對(duì)位間斷縫合。
1.3 療效觀察:療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①治愈:無(wú)角結(jié)膜刺激癥狀,下瞼緣位置及弧度良好,緊貼眼球表面,睫毛向前方伸展,不與眼球接觸;②復(fù)發(fā):全部或部分眼瞼內(nèi)翻或內(nèi)卷,睫毛接觸眼球,癥狀未改善或稍有緩解;③過(guò)矯:瞼緣外翻,球結(jié)膜暴露,瞼球分離,或下淚小點(diǎn)有外翻。
術(shù)后1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月、1年復(fù)查,觀察治愈率,復(fù)發(fā)率,有無(wú)過(guò)矯及瞼外翻現(xiàn)象。早期過(guò)矯通過(guò)按摩觀察,多數(shù)可恢復(fù)。
2? 結(jié)果
兩組共74只眼全部術(shù)中一次矯正成功,下瞼緣位置恢復(fù)正常,術(shù)后1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月及術(shù)后1年統(tǒng)計(jì)治愈、復(fù)發(fā)及過(guò)矯眼數(shù),行χ2檢驗(yàn),因部分理論值小于1,將復(fù)發(fā)和過(guò)矯患者歸于未愈組。由表1可知,術(shù)后1個(gè)月,3個(gè)月治愈率及未愈率組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1年B組治愈率高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。且A組治愈率早期較高,晚期逐漸降低;B組早期治愈率較低,晚期逐漸升高超過(guò)A組,見圖1。未愈率呈相反趨勢(shì),見圖2。兩組典型病例見圖3~4。
3? 討論
對(duì)退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻,較早的皮膚眼輪匝肌切除術(shù)手術(shù)操作簡(jiǎn)單,但術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率較高[4],本次手術(shù)患者中有1例90歲高齡患者,近40年來(lái)先后在各家醫(yī)院行4次瞼內(nèi)翻手術(shù)。高復(fù)發(fā)率給患者及醫(yī)生帶來(lái)諸多困擾。由于構(gòu)成因素復(fù)雜,目前沒有一種術(shù)式可以完全矯正退行性瞼內(nèi)翻所有解剖異常,因而針對(duì)不同患者進(jìn)行個(gè)體化設(shè)計(jì)手術(shù)方案,才能獲得遠(yuǎn)期最大手術(shù)成功率,及最小復(fù)發(fā)率。針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)狀,目前存在多種術(shù)式的研究[2-8]。
睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合最早由韓國(guó)學(xué)者Kyung In Woo[11]提出,手術(shù)操作相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,術(shù)后恢復(fù)快,但復(fù)發(fā)率較高,在本文中單純采取該術(shù)式A組,1年復(fù)發(fā)率高達(dá)17.5%,為此國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者多主張進(jìn)行聯(lián)合手術(shù)以解決多個(gè)退行性瞼內(nèi)翻解剖異常[6-7,12]。退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻患者由于眼瞼皮膚及眼輪匝肌、眶隔組織松弛,眶脂肪膨出,常合并明顯的瞼袋,施行目前較為提倡的眶脂肪重置術(shù)[13-14],可加強(qiáng)下瞼支撐力,填充淚溝,從外觀和解剖生理上更易于瞼內(nèi)翻手術(shù)效果的長(zhǎng)久維持,降低復(fù)發(fā)率。
聯(lián)合手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì):①通過(guò)眶脂肪重置,加強(qiáng)下瞼支撐力,收緊眶隔,顳上方提拉皮膚,聯(lián)合睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合,可以在水平和垂直方向收緊眼瞼,使瞼內(nèi)翻矯正療效更持久,降低復(fù)發(fā)率;②通過(guò)填充淚溝及面中部,改善外觀,使面部年輕化,增加患者滿意度。聯(lián)合手術(shù)缺點(diǎn):手術(shù)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),術(shù)后短期內(nèi)局部出血水腫明顯,瞼外翻風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。手術(shù)注意事項(xiàng):細(xì)致止血,精細(xì)操作,控制下瞼皮膚切除量以避免瞼外翻的發(fā)生。如果出現(xiàn)術(shù)后外翻,術(shù)后早期冰敷,后期可按摩,一般于術(shù)后3個(gè)月內(nèi)可恢復(fù)。
眶脂肪重置術(shù)聯(lián)合睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合術(shù)治療退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻,遠(yuǎn)期復(fù)發(fā)率較低,對(duì)于有明顯瞼袋或相關(guān)美容需求患者更為合適。
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[收稿日期]2020-01-16
本文引用格式:閆麗娟,吉昂.眶隔脂肪重置聯(lián)合睫毛下翻轉(zhuǎn)縫合治療退行性下瞼內(nèi)翻療效探討[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2021,30(1):9-11.