王翔 張鵬 鄭麗純 王文梅 段寧 儲志娟
[摘要] 目的 研究分析牙周基礎(chǔ)治療聯(lián)合曲安奈德外用治療牙齦扁平苔蘚的臨床效果。 方法 選擇2019年1—9月于南京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院·南京市口腔醫(yī)院就診的牙齦扁平苔蘚并伴有慢性牙周炎的患者40例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為治療組和對照組,每組各20例。治療組牙周基礎(chǔ)治療聯(lián)合局部涂抹曲安奈德口腔軟膏進(jìn)行治療,對照組局部涂抹曲安奈德口腔軟膏進(jìn)行治療,兩組均用藥3個(gè)月。觀察兩組治療前后疼痛程度、病損面積及總有效率。 結(jié)果 不同時(shí)間、分組患者疼痛程度不同,且時(shí)間、分組存在交互作用,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。進(jìn)一步兩兩比較,組內(nèi)比較:兩組治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月疼痛程度低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);組間比較:治療后1周、2周,治療組疼痛程度低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。不同時(shí)間病損面積不同,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),時(shí)間、分組存在交互作用,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。進(jìn)一步兩兩比較,組內(nèi)比較:兩組治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月病損面積小于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);組間比較:治療后2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月治療組病損面積小于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月治療組的總有效率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 牙周基礎(chǔ)治療聯(lián)合曲安奈德口腔軟膏治療牙齦扁平苔蘚短期見效快,維持效果好,長期療效佳。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 口腔扁平苔蘚;曲安奈德;牙周基礎(chǔ)治療;臨床療效
[中圖分類號] R781.5? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)10(c)-0130-04
Analysis of clinical effects of initial periodontal treatment and Triamcinolone Acetonide oral ointment on gingival lichen planus
WANG Xiang1? ?ZHANG Peng2? ?ZHENG Lichun3? ?WANG Wenmei1? ?DUAN Ning1? ?CHU Zhijuan1
1.Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital? Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing? ?210008, China; 2.Department of Periodontal Disease Division, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital? Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing? ?210008, China; 3.Department of Preventive Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital? Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing? ?210008, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of periodontal therapy combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide for treatment of lichen planus gingiva. Methods From January to September in 2019, 40 patients affected with gingival lichen planus and chronic periodontitis diagnosed in the clinics of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University, according to the random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, with 20 patients in each group. The treatment group was treated with periodontal therapy combined with topical triamcinolone acetonide oral ointment, while the control group was treated with topical triamcinolone acetonide oral ointment. Both groups were given the drug for three months, the pain degree, lesion area and total effective rate before and after treatment were observed. Results The pain degree of patients in different time and groups was different, and there was interaction between time and groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further pair comparison and intra-group comparison: the pain degree of the two groups at one week, two weeks, one month and six months after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Comparison between groups: one week and two weeks after treatment, the pain degree of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The lesion area was different at different times, and the difference was statistically significants (P < 0.05); there was interaction between time and groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further pairwise comparison and intra-group comparison: the lesion area at one week, two weeks, one month and six months after treatment were smaller than that before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Two weeks, one month and six months after treatment, the lesion area of the treatment group were smaller than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group at one, two weeks, one month and six months after treatment were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Periodontal basic treatment combined with Triamcinolone Oral Ointment for lichen planus gingival has quick short-term effect, good maintenance effect and good long-term effect.
[Key words] Oral lichen planus; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Initial periodontal treatment; Clinical effect
口腔扁平苔蘚(oral lichen planus,OLP)是口腔黏膜病中的常見病、多發(fā)病,患病率為0.1%~4.0%[1]。對于OLP的治療,國內(nèi)外均將局部使用糖皮質(zhì)激素作為一線治療方法[2]。曲安奈德是一種中效糖皮質(zhì)激素,其外用劑型可局部應(yīng)用于口腔黏膜病的治療[3],對OLP患者頰部或舌腹等非角化上皮病損具有較好療效[4-5],但其對牙齦或硬腭等角化上皮病損效果有限,且長期應(yīng)用可能耐藥,并產(chǎn)生一定的不良反應(yīng)[6]。
慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)是人類最常見的慢性感染性疾病之一,是成人缺失牙齒的主要原因[7]。CP的主要治療方法是牙周基礎(chǔ)治療。有研究[8-9]表明,OLP和CP具有一定的臨床和分子特征相關(guān)性。因此,本研究旨在觀察牙周基礎(chǔ)治療聯(lián)合曲安奈德口腔軟膏治療牙齦扁平苔蘚的療效,為臨床治療OLP提供新的思路和方法。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2019年1—9月于南京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院·南京市口腔醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)門診就診的OLP并伴有CP的患者40例,其中男14例,女26例;年齡30~65歲,平均(48.78±8.01)歲。治療組20例,男6例,女14例;平均年齡(48.00±9.44)歲;對照組20例,男8例,女12例;平均年齡(49.55±6.44)歲。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),批準(zhǔn)號:2014NL-002(KS),所有研究對象均知情同意。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患有牙齦扁平苔蘚[10];②患有輕中度CP[11]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患有血液疾病、自身免疫性疾病、腫瘤、心血管疾病和糖尿病等系統(tǒng)性疾病;②3個(gè)月內(nèi)經(jīng)過牙周基礎(chǔ)治療;③3個(gè)月內(nèi)服用過激素、抗生素和免疫抑制劑;④對曲安奈德藥物過敏史;⑤有其他口腔黏膜疾病;⑥有銀汞充填體、補(bǔ)物懸突及修復(fù)體等局部刺激因素;⑦3個(gè)月內(nèi)吸煙、嗜酒;⑧處于妊娠期、哺乳期的女性,研究期間有生育計(jì)劃的女性;⑨智力障礙、認(rèn)知障礙和精神疾患患者;⑩不能遵守醫(yī)囑用藥和定期復(fù)查的患者。
1.2 方法
按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為治療組和對照組。對照組:牙齦扁平苔蘚局部涂抹曲安奈德口腔軟膏(澳美制藥廠,曲安奈德含量0.1%,5 g),用量0.1 g/次,3次/d,連續(xù)3個(gè)月,并對患者進(jìn)行口腔衛(wèi)生宣教及飲食指導(dǎo)。治療組:入組當(dāng)日,患者接受牙周基礎(chǔ)治療(齦上潔治、齦下刮治和根面平整),所有操作均由同一位工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)10年以上的牙周??漆t(yī)師按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序完成。齦上潔治采用超聲潔牙機(jī)完成,齦下刮治使用P5多功能超聲治療儀,采用中低功率和側(cè)向輕壓力操作。齦下刮治后,手工根面平整使用Gracey刮治器。牙齦扁平苔蘚局部涂抹曲安奈德口腔軟膏(用量、用藥方法及療程同對照組),并進(jìn)行口腔衛(wèi)生宣教及飲食指導(dǎo)。
記錄所有入組患者的數(shù)據(jù),并在治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月對療效進(jìn)行評價(jià)。所有操作均由同一位醫(yī)生完成。
1.3 評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
本研究療效的判定是根據(jù)中華口腔醫(yī)學(xué)會口腔黏膜病專委會制訂的OLP療效評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及指南[12-13]。
1.3.1 主觀指標(biāo)? 采用直觀類比標(biāo)尺法(visual analogue scale,VAS),計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):3:重度疼痛(VAS:7~10分);2:中度疼痛(VAS:4~6分);1:輕度疼痛(VAS:1~3分);0:無疼痛(VAS:0分)[12]。
1.3.2 客觀指標(biāo)? 由觀察者測算患者病損面積的大小。計(jì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):5分:白色條紋伴糜爛面積≥1 cm2;4分:白色條紋伴糜爛面積<1 cm2;3分:白色條紋伴充血或萎縮面積≥1 cm2;2分:白色條紋伴充血或萎縮面積<1 cm2;1分:輕微白色條紋,無充血、萎縮或糜爛面積;0分:無損害[12-13]。
1.3.3 扁平苔蘚的療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? 顯效:充血及糜爛完全消失,白色條紋無或輕微,疼痛完全消失(體征記分為0或1;癥狀記為0);有效:充血及糜爛面積縮小,白色條紋減少,疼痛減輕(體征和癥狀記分均有所下降);無效:充血及糜爛無變化或增加,白色條紋無變化或增加,疼痛無減輕或加重(體征和癥狀記分不變或增加)[12-13]??傆行?(顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,重復(fù)測量資料,采用重復(fù)測量設(shè)計(jì)的方差分析。組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用例數(shù)和百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),兩組總有效率的比較采用連續(xù)矯正的χ2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher′s精確概率法檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組治療前后疼痛程度比較
不同時(shí)間、分組患者VAS評分不同,且時(shí)間、分組存在交互作用,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。進(jìn)一步兩兩比較,組內(nèi)比較:治療組或?qū)φ战M治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月VAS評分低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);組間比較:治療前,兩組VAS評分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),治療后1、2周,治療組VAS評分低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),治療后1、6個(gè)月,兩組VAS評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組治療前后病損面積比較
不同時(shí)間病損面積不同,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),時(shí)間、分組存在交互作用,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。進(jìn)一步兩兩比較,組內(nèi)比較:治療組或?qū)φ战M治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月病損面積小于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);組間比較:治療前和治療后1周,兩組病損面積比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),治療后2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月治療組病損面積小于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。治療組代表性病例經(jīng)牙齦基礎(chǔ)治療及曲安奈德口腔軟膏治療后2周,牙齦白紋病損面積明顯縮小,充血面消退。見圖1。
2.3 兩組治療前后總有效率比較
治療后1周、2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月,治療組總有效率均高于對照組(P < 0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
CP是以菌斑為始動(dòng)因子的牙周支持組織的慢性感染性疾病。大量研究[14-16]表明,CP與OLP有臨床和分子相關(guān)性,發(fā)病機(jī)制和危險(xiǎn)因素可能相關(guān)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療組在治療后1、2周疼痛程度明顯低于對照組,提示牙結(jié)石和菌斑等微生物局部刺激因素的徹底清除可快速消退牙齦炎癥,從而有助于快速減輕炎癥引發(fā)的疼痛癥狀,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)果是一致的[17-18]。而兩組在治療后1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月疼痛程度無明顯差異,該結(jié)果提示,雖然曲安奈德口腔軟膏具有牙齦局部消炎作用,但是起效過慢,究其原因,可能與病原微生物導(dǎo)致的慢性感染和炎癥有關(guān)[19]。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,治療后2周、1個(gè)月和6個(gè)月治療組病損面積顯著小于對照組,而治療后1周兩組無明顯差異,該結(jié)果提示OLP病損局部淋巴細(xì)胞的聚集和炎癥反應(yīng)的形成是緩慢發(fā)生發(fā)展的。牙周炎始動(dòng)因素牙結(jié)石和菌斑病原微生物感染源的去除,可能無法消退長期持續(xù)的慢性炎癥,尚需曲安奈德的消除炎癥作用。糖皮質(zhì)激素通過對多種細(xì)胞因子的抑制作用,可迅速減輕炎癥反應(yīng),緩解OLP的急性癥狀[20]。CP和OLP病損區(qū)分享了病理性的微生態(tài)環(huán)境,且共有炎癥性組織微環(huán)境,兩者都存在免疫功能障礙的基礎(chǔ)[21-24]。CP局部的始動(dòng)感染因素的刺激促進(jìn)了OLP發(fā)展,反過來CP的基礎(chǔ)治療又影響了OLP的局部微生態(tài)和炎癥微環(huán)境[25]。在對CP治療后局部刺激因素消除,使得OLP的治療的進(jìn)程得以加快。隨著疼痛癥狀的快速減輕,患者的生活質(zhì)量得到明顯提高,對治療的效果及預(yù)后增加了信心,有助于提高治療依從性[8]。
本研究結(jié)果為提高OLP臨床療效提供了新思路,特別是對于牙齦扁平苔蘚患者,藥物聯(lián)合牙周基礎(chǔ)治療是必要的,有助于快速增加療效,并維持長期效果。
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(收稿日期:2020-03-23)
[基金項(xiàng)目] 國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81870767、815709 78);江蘇省青年醫(yī)學(xué)重點(diǎn)人才項(xiàng)目(QNRC2016118);江蘇省衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)科研課題(Y2015004);南京市衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委醫(yī)學(xué)科技發(fā)展項(xiàng)目(ZKX17033、YKK16162)。
[作者簡介] 王翔(1979.12-),男,博士;研究方向:口腔黏膜病學(xué)。
[通訊作者] 張鵬(1978.8-),男,碩士;研究方向:牙周病學(xué)。