陳雪芬

一、英語的五個簡單句

1. 主謂

She smiled.

2. 主謂賓

I have finished my homework.

3. 主系表

His job is to train swimmers.

4. 主謂 +間賓+直賓

My mother told us a story.

5. 主謂+賓+賓補

He noticed a man enter the room.

He told me not to eat too much.

五個簡單句是英語作文的寫作之基，但是一篇作文如果都是簡單句就會在句式的高級和豐富性方面沒有達到五檔作文的要求，而如果一篇作文都是復雜句，又會給讀者一個“為賦新詞強說愁”的造作感。本文通過高考范文中的句子思考擴句的方法。借助高考作文題，嘗試用非謂語升級句子，并總結(jié)解題方法。

二、使用非謂語升級簡單句

常用的英語句子并不都像基本句型這樣簡短， 除了基本句型的成分不變外， 通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語，即增加定語或狀語。這些修飾語可以是單詞、短語 （主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）或從句。下面我們僅談使用非謂語來升級簡單句。

[例1]（2012全國Ⅰ卷，申請信：參加夏令營）

原文：The other day I happened to read your advertisement on the Internet. It says that you are holding a summer camp for students from around the world， and Im interested to participate in it.

改寫：The other day I happened to read your advertisement on the Internet， saying that you are holding a summer camp for students from around the world， and Im interested to participate in it.

方法分析：使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞短語saying that...補充說明前句中your advertisement的內(nèi)容，句子也因此變得更加生動。

[例 2]（2015全國Ⅰ卷，約稿函：校報約稿）

原文：It carries articles. The articles are written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.

改寫：It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.

方法分析：使用動詞的過去分詞短語written by foreign friends充當articles的定語，既能避免使用復合句的厚重，又能使原句“不簡單”。

[例 3]（2010新課標卷，邀請信：邀請外教做比賽評委）

原文：Im writing to you. I want to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest. The contest is to be held in our school on June 1st.

改寫：Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 1st.

方法分析：使用動詞不定式短語to invite you to be a judge充當Im writing的目的狀語，用不定式短語to be held in our school on June 1st做English speech contest 的后置定語，使句式變得更簡潔，也更高級。

三、高考真題訓練

1. 句子改寫 請用非謂語改寫劃線句子，注意標點符號。

（1）（2015年重慶，申請信：參加圖書分享）

原文：I know that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide. I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

（2）Im Li Hua， a Chinese student. I am taking summer courses in your university.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

（3）（2011年山東，求助信：演講比賽寫稿）

原文：I am confused by spoken and written English. I am often laughed at in public.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

（4）（2010年重慶，求助信：尋物啟事）

原文：Its mid-sized and black. And my name Li Hua is written on the top of it.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

（5）（2014年四川，書信：高考介紹）

原文：I want to have an excellent performance. I am making full preparations for it.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

（6）（2013年江西，報道：登山活動）

原文：Our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10th. The activity would? encourage the students to take outdoor exercise.

改寫：___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2. 句子翻譯 請用非謂語翻譯下列高考作文截取的寫作內(nèi)容。

（1）我寫信給你邀請你和我一起去參加音樂節(jié)。（2019年全國Ⅲ卷，邀請信：參加音樂節(jié)）

（2）我寫信給你是讓你知道我們會有一場排球賽。這場球賽即將在7月8日早上在我校體育館舉行。（2019年全國Ⅱ卷，告知信：參加排球賽）

（3）我是李華，一個外向的男孩。我現(xiàn)在倫敦學習。聽說有個中國畫展覽即將在倫敦舉行，我寫信來申請成為你們的隊伍的志愿者。（2019年全國Ⅰ卷，申請信：做志愿者）

參考答案

1. 句子改寫

（1）Knowing that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide， I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.

（2）Im Li Hua， a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.

（3）Confused by spoken and written English， I am often laughed at in public.

（4）Its mid-sized and black with my name Li Hua written on the top of it.

（5）To have an excellent performance， I am making full preparations for it.

（6）In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise， our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10th.

2. 句子翻譯

（1）I am writing to you to invite you to participate in the Music Festival with me.

（2）Im writing to you to let you know we will have a volleyball match， to be held in our school gym on the morning of July 8.

（3）Im Li Hua， an outgoing boy， studying in London. Having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in this local city， Im writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team.

責任編輯 蔣小青