呂德剛 張辰光 侯征東
摘 要:針對無刷直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動問題,提出了一種與換相重疊法相結(jié)合的電流預(yù)測控制方法來抑制換相轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動。在分析換相轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動產(chǎn)生的原因的基礎(chǔ)上,采用電流預(yù)測控制方法同ON_PWM導(dǎo)通方式相結(jié)合,對電機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。在換相期間對關(guān)斷相和非換相相采用同步的PWM進(jìn)行調(diào)制,確保在換相期間開通相的電流上升率和關(guān)斷相電流的下降率相同,從而使非換相相電流在換相期間平穩(wěn)過度,進(jìn)而減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動。在電流預(yù)測控制的基礎(chǔ)上,通過消除直流母線負(fù)續(xù)流,進(jìn)一步抑制轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,本文提出的方法可在中低速范圍內(nèi)明顯的減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動,驗(yàn)證了該控制策略的正確性;消除直流母線負(fù)續(xù)流,轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動得到進(jìn)一步抑制。
關(guān)鍵詞:無刷直流電機(jī);轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動;重疊換相;直流母線負(fù)續(xù)流;電流預(yù)測
Abstract:Aiming at the torque ripple problem of brushless DC motor, a current predictive control method combined with commutation overlap method is proposed to suppress the commutation torque ripple. Based on the analysis of the cause of the commutation torque ripple, the current prediction control method is combined with the ON_PWM conduction mode to control the motor. During the commutation phase, the off-phase and non-commutation phase are modulated by synchronous PWM, ensuring that the current rise rate of the turn-on phase during commutation was the same as the turn-off phase current drop rate. Thus the non-commutated phase current was smoothly over-transformed during commutation, which in turn reduces torque ripple. On the basis of the current prediction control, the torque ripple was further suppressed by eliminating the negative current of the DC bus. Experiments show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the torque ripple in full speed range, verify the correctness of the control strategy, eliminate the DC bus negative freewheeling, and further suppress the torque ripple.
Keywords:BLDCM; torque ripple; overlap commutation; DC bus negative freewheeling; current prediction
0 引 言
由于存在轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動,使得無刷直流電機(jī)很難應(yīng)用于高精度高穩(wěn)定性場合[1],為了解決該問題,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者做了大量的研究[2-5]。所以,如何減小電機(jī)換相時的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。
目前,在無刷直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動抑制方面,學(xué)術(shù)界已有很多研究成果[6-16]。文[6]通過對電機(jī)的換相時間進(jìn)行控制,減慢換相期間電流的變化率,使開通相與關(guān)斷相電流變化率保持一致,從而達(dá)到抑制轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動的效果。但該方法需要明確電機(jī)運(yùn)行于高速還是低速,再結(jié)合不同的控制策略,其實(shí)現(xiàn)過程比較復(fù)雜。文[7]采用PWM_ON_PWM的調(diào)制方式,雖然可以消除換相時非導(dǎo)通相上的續(xù)流,但對換相時間長短不能很好的確定。文[8-9]采用滯環(huán)控制方法來抑制非換相相電流在換相期間的脈動。但這種方法只解決了電機(jī)在高速運(yùn)行下的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動,低速時,抑制效果不理想。文[10-13]指出給直流母線加入DC-DC變換器,通過改變直流母線電壓的大小來平衡換相期間電流的變化,但這種方法受到DC-DC變換器響應(yīng)速度的影響,且受電機(jī)參數(shù)影響較大,動態(tài)性能不理想。文[14]通過硬件電路檢測電流來判斷換相時刻,但這種方法用到了6個運(yùn)放電路,成本很高。文[15]采用脈寬調(diào)制的方法,將每個脈寬分為三段調(diào)制,使電機(jī)換相時間可控,但其參數(shù)較多,計(jì)算量比較大。文[16]采用直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制,將給定轉(zhuǎn)矩和反饋轉(zhuǎn)矩進(jìn)行比較。但該方法對硬件電路要求比較高,需要同時采集每相電流,反電動勢和轉(zhuǎn)速,且容易受到外界因素干擾。
針對以上問題,本文提出了一種與換相重疊法相結(jié)合的電流預(yù)測控制策略。在換相期間,關(guān)斷相延遲一段時間關(guān)斷,這樣在換相期間就會有三個開關(guān)管同時導(dǎo)通,且關(guān)斷相和非換相相進(jìn)行同步的PWM調(diào)制,其PWM占空比根據(jù)電流預(yù)測控制法得到。通過這種方法使電機(jī)的非換相相電流在換相期間保持恒定。同時,對該方法進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化,消除換相期間直流母線負(fù)續(xù)流,使轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動得到進(jìn)一步抑制。最后,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。
1 換相電流預(yù)測
1.1 換相電流預(yù)測控制分析
以電機(jī)運(yùn)行于高速狀態(tài)下為例進(jìn)行分析。AC換相到BC,A為關(guān)斷相,設(shè)其占空比為DA。由于電機(jī)采用ON_PWM調(diào)制,所以B為開通相,占空比為1,C為非換相相,且處于PWM(ON)狀態(tài)。在換相期間有:eA=eB=E,eC=-E,設(shè)相電流的幅值為i,|iC|=i。則有:
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(編輯:溫澤宇)