楊金玲 林霜 曹陽 李亞平 劉蘭英
[摘要] 目的 探討首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者血漿促炎細胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α與抑郁癥狀的關(guān)系。方法 選擇浙江省立同德醫(yī)院(浙江省精神衛(wèi)生中心)2017年10月~2018年12月診治的首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者100例為精神分裂癥組;選擇同期該地區(qū)社會招募的健康人群80例為對照組。采用陽性和陰性癥狀量表(Positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)評估患者的精神癥狀,采用卡爾加里精神分裂癥抑郁量表(Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia,CDSS)評估患者抑郁癥狀的嚴重程度。采用雙抗體夾心ABC-ELISA法檢測所有受試者血漿IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α濃度。根據(jù)CDSS評分將精神分裂癥患者分為伴抑郁癥狀組(CDSS≥7分)和不伴抑郁癥狀組(CDSS<7分)。分析促炎細胞因子水平與精神分裂癥抑郁癥狀的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 精神分裂癥患者血漿IL-6水平顯著高于健康對照組(t=6.341,P<0.001);精神分裂癥伴抑郁癥狀組PANSS總分、陰性癥狀因子分和一般精神病性癥狀因子分均高于不伴抑郁癥狀組(P<0.05)。伴抑郁癥狀組血漿IL-6水平明顯高于不伴抑郁癥狀組或健康對照組(Bonferroni校正后P<0.001);而不伴隨抑郁癥狀組與對照組IL-6水平無顯著差異(Bonferroni校正后P>0.05)。相關(guān)性分析顯示,精神分裂癥患者血漿IL-6水平與抑郁癥狀呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.294,P<0.001)。結(jié)論 首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者外周高水平的IL-6與抑郁癥狀的發(fā)生有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 精神分裂癥;抑郁癥狀;細胞因子;白介素6
[中圖分類號] R749.3 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)21-0006-05
Correlation between plasma IL-6 levels and depressive symptoms in unmedicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia
YANG Jinling1 LIN Shuang1 CAO Yang2 LI Yaping3 LIU Lanying2
1.Department of General Internal Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou 311100, China; 2.Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou 311100, China; 3.Department of Science and Education, Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311103, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between the plasma proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2(IL-2), IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α and the depressive symptoms in unmedicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Methods A total of 100 unmedicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia(Schizophrenia group) and 80 healthy controls(control group) were selected from Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital from October 2017 to December 2018. The patient's psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), and the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia(CDSS). The plasma IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were measured in all subjects by double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA. The patients with schizophrenia were divided into a group with depressive symptoms(CDSS≥7 points) and a group without depression(CDSS<7 points) according to the CDSS score. The correlation between the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia was analyzed. Results It was found that the plasma IL-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(t=6.341, P<0.001). The total score of PANSS, negative symptom factor score and general psychotic symptom factor score in the group with depressive symptoms were higher than those in the group without depressive symptoms(P<0.05). It was further discovered that the plasma IL-6 level in the group with depressive symptoms was significantly higher than that in the group without depressive symptoms and the healthy controls(P<0.001 after Bonferroni correction), and there was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between the two groups(P>0.05 after Ponferroni correction). It was found by correlation analysis that the plasma IL-6 levels were significantly and positively correlated with the depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia(r=0.294, P<0.001). Conclusion High peripheral levels of IL-6 in unmedicated patients first- episode schizophrenia are associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms.
[Key words] Schizophrenia; Depressive symptoms; Cytokines; Interleukin-6
抑郁癥狀是精神分裂的常見癥狀之一,可出現(xiàn)在精神分裂癥病程中的任何時期,尤其是急性期,其發(fā)生率高達25%~81%[1]。抑郁癥狀的出現(xiàn)可導(dǎo)致患者預(yù)后不良和社會功能受損加重[2],嚴重時可增加患者的自殺風(fēng)險[3-4]。因此及早識別精神分裂癥患者的抑郁癥狀,探討抑郁癥狀發(fā)生的生物學(xué)機制,對促進患者預(yù)后、降低自殺行為的發(fā)生具有重要意義。近年來,精神分裂癥的神經(jīng)免疫機制受到極大關(guān)注。神經(jīng)發(fā)育假說認為,母親免疫感染可增加子代罹患精神分裂癥的風(fēng)險[5]。然而由于精神分裂癥存在多維度臨床癥狀(陽性癥狀、陰性癥狀、認知障礙、情感癥狀等),有學(xué)者認為精神分裂癥免疫炎癥可能與特定的臨床癥狀維度相關(guān)[6]。白細胞介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、IL-6、IL-8、腫瘤壞死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)作為重要的促炎細胞因子,其異常水平在既往精神分裂癥和抑郁癥患者中均有報道[7]。本研究旨在探討首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者的抑郁癥狀與血漿促炎細胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇浙江省立同德醫(yī)院(浙江省精神衛(wèi)生中心)2017年10月~2018年12月診治的首發(fā)未服藥精神分裂癥患者100例為精神分裂癥組。納入標準:患者由兩名精神科醫(yī)師分別進行獨立診斷,均符合DSM-IV精神分裂癥診斷標準[8];年齡18~40歲;漢族;首次表現(xiàn)出精神病性癥狀且總病程≤1年;發(fā)病以來未使用抗精神病藥物或用抗精神病藥物治療時長≤2周;陽性和陰性癥狀量表(Positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)總分≥60分;自愿參與此項研究并簽署知情同意書。排除標準:符合精神分裂癥以外的其他DSM-IV軸I精神障礙的診斷;屬于軀體疾病、腦器質(zhì)性疾病所致精神障礙者;近1個月內(nèi)服用免疫炎癥藥物(如治療自身免疫性疾病、感染或其他炎癥疾病的藥物)的患者;孕婦或哺乳期婦女;酒依賴或精神活性物質(zhì)使用者。
選擇同期該地區(qū)社會招募的健康人群80例為對照組。納入標準:年齡18~40歲;漢族;自愿參加本項研究并簽署知情同意書。排除標準:根據(jù)DSM-Ⅳ標準,既往或目前被診斷為具有精神障礙者;精神疾病患者近親屬;酒依賴或精神活性物質(zhì)使用者;嚴重軀體疾病患者;近1個月內(nèi)服用免疫炎癥藥物(如治療自身免疫性疾病、感染或其他炎癥疾病的藥物)的患者;孕婦或哺乳期婦女;酒依賴或精神活性物質(zhì)使用者。
1.2 方法
(1)一般資料及臨床信息收集:收集所有受試者的一般資料,包括年齡、性別、受教育年限、體重指數(shù)(Body mass idex,BMI)、婚姻狀況、吸煙和飲酒情況等;收集精神分裂癥患者的發(fā)病年齡、精神疾病家族史等。(2)精神癥狀評估:采用陽性和陰性癥狀量表(Positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)[9]評估患者的精神癥狀,該量表包括陽性癥狀分、陰性癥狀分、一般精神病理癥狀分、量表總分為評估指標,總分為30~210分。(3)抑郁癥狀評估:采用卡爾加里精神分裂癥抑郁量表(Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia,CDSS)評估精神分裂癥患者抑郁癥狀的嚴重程度,該量表由加拿大卡爾加里大學(xué)的D.Addington和J.Addington教授等[10]編制而成,中文版由北京大學(xué)精神衛(wèi)生研究所張鴻燕教授等翻譯,總分0~27分,在中國人群中具有良好的信效度。參照既往文獻[11],本研究以CDSS-C總分≥7分作為有抑郁癥狀的判斷標準,據(jù)此將100例患者分為伴抑郁癥狀組41例(≥7分)和不伴抑郁癥狀組59例(<7分)。以上量表在患者入組當天由2名經(jīng)過一致性培訓(xùn)的精神病學(xué)??漆t(yī)生獨立評估,2名評估員組內(nèi)相關(guān)系數(shù)(The interclass correlation coefficient,ICC)>0.80。(4)血漿IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平檢測:所有研究對象于早晨抽取空腹靜脈血5 mL,置于10%EDTA采血管中,輕搖混勻防止血液凝固,然后將血樣轉(zhuǎn)移至含抑蛋白酶肽的離心管中,輕搖混勻,4℃ 1600 r/min離心15 min,分離血漿于-80℃冰箱中保存?zhèn)溆?。采用雙抗體夾心ABC-ELISA法檢測血漿IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α濃度,試劑準備和檢測程序嚴格遵守相應(yīng)試劑盒(上海派成繞生物科技有限公司)說明書,使用Muhiskan MK3酶標儀(Thermo Electro Corportation,美國)完成實驗操作。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用Epidata3.1進行數(shù)據(jù)雙錄入,使用SPSS 23.0進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。計量資料以(x±s)或中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)表示。組間分類資料采用χ2檢驗;計量資料比較采用兩獨立樣本t檢驗(正態(tài))、非參數(shù)檢驗采用曼-惠特尼U測試(非正態(tài))、協(xié)方差分析控制潛在混雜因素以比較各組之間IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的差異,并采用Bonferroni進行多重校正。血清免疫炎癥因子水平與臨床癥狀的相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析。所有統(tǒng)計檢驗均為雙側(cè)檢驗,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料及血清免疫炎癥因子水平比較
精神分裂癥組:男43例、女57例;年齡(23.89±6.04)歲;受教育年限(12.66±3.04)年;BMI(24.30±3.64)kg/m2;婚姻狀況(未婚70例、已婚18例、離婚12例);吸煙狀況(吸煙12例、從不吸煙88例);飲酒習(xí)慣(飲酒17例、從不飲酒83例);血漿IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平分別為(72.51±11.25)pg/mL、(8.56±1.55)pg/mL、(2.54±0.34)pg/mL、(8.12±3.08)pg/mL。對照組:男32例、女48例;年齡(23.94±5.59)歲;受教育年限(12.64±3.02)年;BMI(24.32±3.90)kg/m2;婚姻狀況(未婚55例、已婚15例、離婚10例);吸煙狀況(吸煙8例、從不吸煙72例);飲酒習(xí)慣(飲酒14例、從不飲酒66例);血漿IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平分別為(72.02±8.43)pg/mL、(7.44±1.42)pg/mL、(2.57±0.32)pg/mL、(8.49±2.97)pg/mL。兩組的年齡、性別、受教育程度、BMI、婚姻狀況、吸煙、飲酒習(xí)慣比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。精神分裂癥組血漿IL-6水平顯著高于對照組(t=6.341,P<0.001),控制年齡、性別及BMI因素后,兩組之間的差異仍有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。見表1。
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(收稿日期:2019-08-05)