陳剛 林芩
【摘要】 目的:研究全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)胎盤分泌功能的影響。方法:選擇2019年1月-2020年3月在筆者所在醫(yī)院進(jìn)行分娩的60例產(chǎn)婦,將其隨機(jī)分為未鎮(zhèn)痛組(Ⅰ組)和硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛組(Ⅱ組)。產(chǎn)婦于潛伏期宮口開(kāi)大1~2 cm(T1)、宮口開(kāi)大3~5 cm(T2)、宮口開(kāi)全時(shí)(T3)、胎兒娩出即刻(T4)分別檢測(cè)外周靜脈血、臍靜脈血及羊水中CRH、E2、Cor、P、PGE2的濃度。比較兩組VAS評(píng)分及產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、新生兒1、5 min Apgar評(píng)分。結(jié)果:兩組外周靜脈血各時(shí)點(diǎn)、臍靜脈血及羊水CRH、E2、P、PGE2濃度比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組T2、T3、T4時(shí)外周靜脈血PGE2濃度均較T1時(shí)顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與T1時(shí)比較,Ⅰ組T2、T3、T4時(shí)外周靜脈血Cor濃度均顯著增高,Ⅱ組明顯降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Ⅱ組T2、T3、T4時(shí)外周靜脈血Cor濃度均顯著低于Ⅰ組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Ⅱ組T2、T3、T4 VAS評(píng)分均顯著低于Ⅰ組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)程及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)胎盤分泌功能沒(méi)有明顯影響。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 全產(chǎn)程 硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛 內(nèi)分泌功能 胎盤
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.17.002 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)17-000-03
Effect of Epidural Labor Analgesia on Placental Secretion Function during Full Labor/CHEN Gang, LIN Qin. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(17): -5
[Abstract] Objective: To study the effect of epidural labor analgesia on placental secretion function during full labor. Method: A total of 60 parturients who gave birth in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into the non-analgesia group (group Ⅰ) and the epidural labor analgesia group (group Ⅱ). The concentrations of CRH, E2, Cor, P, and PGE2 in peripheral venous blood, umbilical venous blood, and amniotic fluid were measured at the incubation period, the opening of the uterine opening 1 to 2 cm (T1), the opening of the uterine opening 3 to 5 cm (T2), full opening of the uterine opening (T3), and immediately after labor (T4). The VAS score, labor process, Apgar score of 1 and 5 min in newborn were compared between the two groups. Result: There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of CRH, E2, P and PGE2 in peripheral venous blood at all time points, umbilical venous blood and amniotic fluid between the two groups (P>0.05). The concentrations of PGE2 in peripheral venous blood of both groups at T2, T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that at T1, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with T1, the concentrations of Cor in peripheral venous blood of group Ⅰ were significantly increased at T2, T3, T4, while group Ⅱ were significantly decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The concentrations of Cor in peripheral venous blood of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of group Ⅰ at T2, T3, T4, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score of the group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ at T2, T3, T4, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in labor process and Apgar score in newborn between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Full labor epidural labor analgesia has no significant effect on placental secretion function.
[Key words] Full labor Epidural labor analgesia Endocrine function Placental
First-authors address: Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
大量文獻(xiàn)已證實(shí)硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛能安全有效地減輕產(chǎn)婦疼痛[1-3]。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為在潛伏期行硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛會(huì)延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)程[4-5],而有學(xué)者認(rèn)為其進(jìn)一步減輕產(chǎn)婦疼痛的同時(shí)并不延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)程[6]。研究表明,胎盤實(shí)際上是一個(gè)重要的內(nèi)分泌器官,其分泌的大量激素是分娩順利進(jìn)行的決定因素[7]。共同促進(jìn)了分娩的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及完成,對(duì)產(chǎn)程起決定作用。本研究擬在潛伏期行硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛,探討全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)胎盤分泌功能的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2019年1月-2020年3月在筆者所在醫(yī)院進(jìn)行分娩的60例產(chǎn)婦,胎兒發(fā)育狀況均良好,年齡20~35歲,身高155~170 cm,體重55~80 kg。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)ASAⅠ或Ⅱ級(jí)初產(chǎn)婦;(2)均為單胎、足月、頭位。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)產(chǎn)道異常等產(chǎn)科嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥;(2)重要臟器功能不全。本研究已獲得筆者所在醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者簽署相關(guān)知情同意書。應(yīng)用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其隨機(jī)分為未鎮(zhèn)痛組(Ⅰ組),全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛組(Ⅱ組),每組30例。兩組產(chǎn)婦一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。
1.2 方法
Ⅰ組產(chǎn)婦采用自然分娩方式,不采取鎮(zhèn)痛,分娩過(guò)程中時(shí)刻監(jiān)測(cè)產(chǎn)婦的血壓、心率及胎心率等指標(biāo),確保胎兒順利娩出。
Ⅱ組產(chǎn)婦于潛伏期,宮口開(kāi)大1~2 cm時(shí),由麻醉科醫(yī)生在常規(guī)消毒鋪巾后,于腰椎3~4間隙進(jìn)行硬膜外穿刺,回抽無(wú)腦脊液及局麻藥中毒癥狀,頭向置管4 cm,成功后注入1.2%鹽酸利多卡因(湖北天圣藥業(yè)有限公司,批號(hào):20191139)4 ml,觀察5 min,固定導(dǎo)管,接自控鎮(zhèn)痛泵,1%羅哌卡因10 ml(宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20103552)+舒芬太尼50 μg(宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20054172)用0.9%氯化鈉注射液稀釋至100 ml,首劑量6~8 ml,持續(xù)泵入量6~8 ml/h,鎮(zhèn)痛泵沖擊劑量設(shè)為3 ml,鎖定時(shí)間15 min,產(chǎn)婦鎮(zhèn)痛不滿意時(shí),可按微量泵入鍵給藥,麻醉平面控制在T10以下。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
產(chǎn)婦于潛伏期,宮口開(kāi)大1~2 cm(T1)、宮口開(kāi)3~5 cm(T2)、宮口開(kāi)全時(shí)(T3)、胎兒娩出即刻(T4)抽取母體靜脈血12 ml,胎兒娩出后留取無(wú)菌羊水12 ml,抽取12 ml臍靜脈血,按檢測(cè)說(shuō)明書要求收集并儲(chǔ)存在-70 ℃冰箱待檢。采用ELSA法分別檢測(cè)促皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素(CRH)、雌激素(E2)、皮質(zhì)醇(Cor)、孕激素(P)、前列腺素(PGE2)在臍靜脈血、外周靜脈血及羊水中的濃度,所有操作均嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行。分別記錄兩組產(chǎn)婦視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分(VAS):使用一條長(zhǎng)約10 cm的標(biāo)尺,標(biāo)有10個(gè)刻度,兩端分別為“0”分端和“10”分端,總分為0~10分。0分表示無(wú)痛,10分代表最劇烈的疼痛,產(chǎn)婦根據(jù)自己的疼痛進(jìn)行打分。記錄產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、新生兒1、5 min Apgar評(píng)分。Apgar評(píng)分:0~3分,嚴(yán)重窒息;4~7分,中度窒息,但心率正常;8~10分,正常新生兒。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組VAS評(píng)分比較
Ⅱ組T2、T3、T4時(shí)VAS評(píng)分均顯著低于Ⅰ組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 兩組產(chǎn)程及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較
兩組產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)程及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.3 兩組外周靜脈血中激素濃度比較
與T1時(shí)比較,T2、T3、T4時(shí)Ⅰ組外周靜脈血Cor濃度明顯增高(P<0.05),Ⅱ組明顯降低(P<0.05)。Ⅱ組T2、T3、T4時(shí)外周靜脈血Cor濃度顯著低于Ⅰ組(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4時(shí)兩組外周靜脈血PGE2濃度均較T1時(shí)顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組各時(shí)點(diǎn)外周靜脈血CRH、PGE2、P及E2濃度比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.4 兩組臍靜脈血清及羊水中激素濃度比較
兩組臍靜脈血清及羊水中激素濃度指標(biāo)比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表5。
3 討論
胎盤合成及分泌的CRH,與分娩啟動(dòng)關(guān)系密切[8],是決定分娩啟動(dòng)的因素之一。其既可通過(guò)旁分泌途徑刺激胎盤滋養(yǎng)葉細(xì)胞合成釋放P和E2[9],刺激PGE2釋放,間接加強(qiáng)子宮收縮,還可直接作用于子宮平滑肌細(xì)胞的CRH受體,促進(jìn)子宮收縮。本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨分娩進(jìn)程,兩組產(chǎn)婦外周靜脈血各時(shí)點(diǎn),臍靜脈血及羊水CRH濃度比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),說(shuō)明全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛,并沒(méi)有影響胎盤對(duì)CRH的分泌。同時(shí)也證明,對(duì)胎盤分泌P和E2也沒(méi)有影響。
Cor是主要的反映應(yīng)激水平的激素之一。當(dāng)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)時(shí),Cor會(huì)明顯升高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與T1時(shí)比較,T2、T3、T4時(shí)Ⅰ組產(chǎn)婦外周靜脈血Cor濃度顯著增高(P<0.05),Ⅱ組明顯降低(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4時(shí)Ⅱ組外周靜脈血Cor濃度顯著均低于Ⅰ組(P<0.05),但兩組Cor濃度在臍靜脈血及羊水中比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。表明全產(chǎn)程硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛,顯著減輕了產(chǎn)婦分娩過(guò)程中的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度。兩組臍靜脈血及羊水中Cor濃度比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明外周靜脈血Cor濃度的變化并沒(méi)有影響胎盤組織的Cor濃度,推測(cè)可能的原因是:胎兒的分泌是胎盤組織Cor的主要來(lái)源。