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椎板成形術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)腫瘤的臨床應(yīng)用研究

2020-08-21 08:52張占閱張安龍梅小龍侯曉峰趙志軍張春陽
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2020年17期
關(guān)鍵詞:感染手術(shù)

張占閱 張安龍 梅小龍 侯曉峰 趙志軍 張春陽

[摘要] 目的 探討椎管內(nèi)腫瘤切除術(shù)中行椎板成形術(shù)的療效。 方法 回顧性分析在我院2013年1月~2017年1月行椎管內(nèi)腫瘤手術(shù)患者的病例,其中椎板成形組15例,非椎板成形組(全椎板切除)25例,比較兩組術(shù)式的手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后平均住院時間、術(shù)后脊柱不穩(wěn)、術(shù)后神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)程度及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。 結(jié)果 兩組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時間對比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組在術(shù)后并發(fā)癥方面,在腦脊液漏發(fā)生率、術(shù)后感染發(fā)生率比較未見明顯差異(P>0.05)。但術(shù)后脊柱不穩(wěn)發(fā)生率對比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);椎板成形組和非椎板成形組術(shù)后JOA(日本骨科學(xué)會,Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)評分均比術(shù)前有明顯改善。但椎板成形組術(shù)后JOA評分改善率比非椎板成形組高。 結(jié)論 椎板成形術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)腫瘤實現(xiàn)了脊柱的解剖復(fù)位,相對地確保了脊柱的完整性,在一定程度上減少了脊柱不穩(wěn)的發(fā)生。同時椎板成形組的術(shù)后JOA評分改善率也比非椎板成形組的高,故椎板成形術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)腫瘤值得臨床推廣。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 椎管腫瘤;椎板成形;脊柱不穩(wěn);手術(shù);腦脊液漏;感染

[中圖分類號] R739.42? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)17-0008-03

A study of the clinical application of laminoplasty in the treatment of intraspinal tumors

ZHANG Zhanyue1, 2? ?ZHANG Anlong1, 2? ?MEI Xiaolong1, 2? ?HOU Xiaofeng1, 2? ?ZHAO Zhijun1, 2? ?ZHANG Chunyang1, 2

1.The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China; 2.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Bone Tissue Regeneration and Injury Repair Engineering Technology Center, Baotou? ?014010, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of laminoplasty in the resection of intraspinal tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the cases of patients undergoing intraspinal tumor operation in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2017, including 15 cases in the laminoplasty group and 25 cases in the non-laminoplasty group(total laminectomy). The operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative average hospitalization time, postoperative spinal instability, postoperative neurological function recovery degree and postoperative complications of the two groups undergoing different operations were compared. Results There was no statistically significant difference in operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage and hospitalization time between the two groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and of postoperative infection between the two groups in terms of postoperative complications(P>0.05). However, the incidence of postoperative spinal instability was different between the two groups with statistical significance(P<0.05). The postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA) scores of the laminoplasty group and the non-laminoplasty group were significantly improved when compared with those before operation, and the improvement rate of postoperative JOA scores in the laminoplasty group was higher than that in the non-laminoplasty group. Conclusion Laminoplasty for the treatment of intraspinal tumors can achieve anatomical reduction of the spine and relatively ensure the integrity of the spine, thus reducing the occurrence of spinal instability to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the improvement rate of postoperative JOA scores in laminoplasty group is higher than that in non-laminoplasty group. Laminoplasty for the treatment of intraspinal tumors is worthy of clinical promotion.

本組病例先全椎板切除,以便充分暴露腫瘤及周邊組織,保證術(shù)中切除腫瘤的安全性。嚴(yán)密縫合硬膜,使椎管內(nèi)膜性組織盡量恢復(fù)完整性,達到減少腦脊液漏發(fā)生的目的。減少顱內(nèi)感染的風(fēng)險及皮膚傷口的愈合。然后以鈦板、鈦釘固定去除的棘突和椎板,解剖復(fù)位,保證骨性的完整性。這有利于骨組織及軟組織的修復(fù),避免發(fā)生醫(yī)源性椎管狹窄的并發(fā)癥[16]。最后縫合椎管外軟組織,尤其是肌肉、韌帶及筋膜組織。本組例數(shù)尚少,對于單節(jié)段與多節(jié)段的術(shù)后效果需進一步研究證實。

綜上所述,椎板成形術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)腫瘤實現(xiàn)了脊柱的解剖復(fù)位,相對地確保了脊柱的完整性,在一定程度上減少了脊柱不穩(wěn)的發(fā)生。同時椎板成形組的術(shù)后JOA評分改善率也比非椎板成形組的高。椎板成形術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)腫瘤值得臨床推廣。

[參考文獻]

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(收稿日期:2020-03-27)

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