国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

快速康復(fù)模式在腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期的效果觀察

2020-08-06 14:27李麗馮海洋陳秀云傅萍萍
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2020年16期
關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)直腸癌圍手術(shù)期臨床效果

李麗 馮海洋 陳秀云 傅萍萍

[摘要] 目的 探討快速康復(fù)模式在腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期的效果。 方法 選取2018年5月~2019年5月在我院結(jié)直腸外科行腹腔鏡手術(shù)的結(jié)直腸癌患者96例,按照隨機數(shù)字表法分為實驗組和對照組,各48例,實驗組患者在圍手術(shù)期間給予快速康復(fù)模式進行干預(yù),對照組患者在圍手術(shù)期間給予常規(guī)干預(yù)。比較兩組患者的手術(shù)完成情況,如麻醉時間、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量;及術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況,如術(shù)后排氣時間、下床活動時間、住院時間。兩組患者均在術(shù)后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h采用疼痛數(shù)字評分法(NRS)進行疼痛評分,記錄兩組患者的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果 兩組患者手術(shù)麻醉時間、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);實驗組患者經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后術(shù)后排氣時間、下床活動時間及住院時間均較對照組明顯縮短(P<0.01);實驗組患者經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后在術(shù)后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h時間點NRS評分均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);實驗組經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率為10.43%,明顯低于對照組的27.09%(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 快速康復(fù)模式應(yīng)用于腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期可明顯促進患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,使有限的醫(yī)療資源得以充分利用,可在臨床推廣使用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 快速康復(fù)模式;腹腔鏡;結(jié)直腸癌;圍手術(shù)期;臨床效果

[中圖分類號] R735.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)16-0088-04

Observation of the effect of rapid rehabilitation model on perioperative period of patients with laparoscopic colorectal cancer

LI Li? ?FENG Haiyang? ?CHEN Xiuyun? ?FU Pingping

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou? ?310000,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of rapid rehabilitation model on perioperative period of laparoscopic colorectal cancer patients. Methods 96 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the department of colorectal surgery in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were divided into the experimental group(n=48) and the control group(n=48), according to the random number table method. Patients in the experimental group underwent rapid rehabilitation model for intervention during the perioperative period. Patients in the control group were given routine intervention during the perioperative period. The operation completion status such as anesthesia time, operation time and intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative recovery conditions such as postoperative exhaust time, time to get out of bed, hospitalization time between the two groups were compared. The pain scores in both groups were scored using the NRS(Numerical Pain Scoring Method) at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the time of anesthesia, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05). After the rapid rehabilitation mode intervention, the patients in the experimental group had significantly shorter postoperative exhaust time, time to get out of bed, and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.01). The NRS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group at the postoperative 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after rapid rehabilitation intervention mode(P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group after rapid rehabilitation model intervention was 10.41%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group(27.09%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The rapid rehabilitation model applied during the perioperative period in laparoscopic colorectal cancer patients can significantly promote the postoperative recovery of patients, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, make the limited medical resources be fully utilized, and can be used in clinical promotion.

[Key words] Rapid rehabilitation model; Laparoscopy; Colorectal cancer; Perioperative period; Clinical effect

結(jié)直腸癌又稱為大腸癌,包括結(jié)腸癌和直腸癌,是消化系統(tǒng)常見的惡性腫瘤?;颊咴缙跓o明顯癥狀,隨著腫瘤的逐漸發(fā)展可表現(xiàn)為腹痛、大便習(xí)慣改變、便血,并伴有貧血、發(fā)熱等全身癥狀,患者根據(jù)發(fā)病部位的不同而表現(xiàn)出不同的臨床癥狀[1-2]。近年來隨著人類壽命的延長,結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病率逐年上升,且死亡率僅次于胃癌和肺癌,對人們的生命健康帶來嚴(yán)重威脅[1]。目前結(jié)直腸癌的治療主要以根治性手術(shù)為主,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)科技的不斷發(fā)展,腹腔鏡手術(shù)已成為結(jié)直腸癌的主要治療方式,其具有創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快、出血量低等優(yōu)點,已在臨床得到廣泛應(yīng)用[3]。快速康復(fù)理念是在90年代中期首次被提出,其主要是依據(jù)循證醫(yī)學(xué),為加快手術(shù)患者術(shù)后康復(fù)、減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、降低患者死亡率等而采用的一種圍手術(shù)期優(yōu)化處理措施[4]。已有研究證實快速康復(fù)模式在結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)圍手術(shù)期的應(yīng)用可減少手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷及應(yīng)激反應(yīng),且安全有效[5]。因此本研究旨在分析快速康復(fù)模式在腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期的效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。

1 對象與方法

1.1 研究對象

選取2018年5月~2019年5月在我院普外科行腹腔鏡手術(shù)的結(jié)直腸癌患者96例為研究對象。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①所有患者均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會腫瘤學(xué)分會制定的關(guān)于結(jié)直腸癌的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6];②年齡30~75歲,均行腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù);③所有患者均未進行化療和放療;④術(shù)前均無梗阻,系原發(fā)病例;⑤腹部B超或CT未發(fā)現(xiàn)其他臟器轉(zhuǎn)移;⑥患者及家屬知情并簽署同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①低位直腸癌者;②術(shù)中行腹腔鏡根治性手術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)開腹者;③患者術(shù)前有腹部手術(shù)和外傷史者;④合并心肝腎嚴(yán)重功能障礙者;⑤患有先天性精神障礙無法溝通交流者;⑥有腹腔鏡手術(shù)禁忌證者。根據(jù)干預(yù)模式的不同將患者分為實驗組48例和對照組48例,其中實驗組男27例,女21例,年齡30~75歲,平均(55.26±4.39)歲,病程5~12個月,平均(10.32±2.11)個月,結(jié)腸癌36例、直腸癌12例;對照組男25例,女23例,年齡30~73歲,平均(55.17±4.52)歲,病程5~11個月,平均(9.87±1.65)個月,結(jié)腸癌33例、直腸癌15例,兩組患者的性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 干預(yù)方法

實驗組患者在圍手術(shù)期間給予快速康復(fù)模式進行干預(yù),對照組患者在圍手術(shù)期間給予常規(guī)干預(yù),兩組均給予相應(yīng)的措施干預(yù)至術(shù)后7 d。

對照組:術(shù)前1 d晚上10點禁食禁飲,予復(fù)方聚乙二醇電解質(zhì)散口服進行導(dǎo)泄;手術(shù)當(dāng)天在術(shù)前留置鼻胃管,術(shù)中常規(guī)放置腹腔引流管,常規(guī)縫合傷口;術(shù)后使用鎮(zhèn)痛泵48 h,待腸功能恢復(fù)后,拔除胃管;開始進水和食物;術(shù)后3~5 d拔尿管;術(shù)后鼓勵患者盡早翻身、下床活動。

實驗組:入院后即開始向患者及家屬宣教有關(guān)快速康復(fù)的內(nèi)容,同時提供針對性的指導(dǎo),增加患者信任感和安全感,建立良好的醫(yī)患關(guān)系;加強心理指導(dǎo),同時向患者解釋麻醉清醒前后出現(xiàn)的不適感,安撫患者焦慮恐懼、悲觀等不良情緒,介紹治療成功的病例,樹立患者戰(zhàn)勝疾病的信心。術(shù)前使用無損傷性剃毛刀進行備皮;術(shù)前1 d口服聚乙二醇電解質(zhì)散+2000 mL溫水導(dǎo)瀉;手術(shù)前夜服用鎮(zhèn)靜睡眠藥物幫助睡眠;術(shù)前2 h予患者口服葡萄糖溶液200~400 mL,不插胃管;術(shù)中采用全身麻醉+持續(xù)硬膜外麻醉,手術(shù)室溫度22℃~25℃,濕度50%~60%,注意保溫,腹腔沖洗液加溫到37℃后沖洗腹腔;術(shù)中避免過多輸液,膠體溶液和結(jié)晶溶液分別限制在500 mL和1500 mL,輸液速度不宜過快;根據(jù)術(shù)中情況放置引流管。術(shù)后72 h采用阿片類+非阿片類藥物持續(xù)硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛;術(shù)后1 d開始進流質(zhì)飲食,而不是待排氣排便后再進食,5~7 d逐漸過渡到正常飲食;隨意咀嚼口香糖;均在術(shù)后1 d后拔除尿管,術(shù)后2~3 d拔除引流管。根據(jù)患者病情恢復(fù)情況制定康復(fù)計劃,早期可教會患者時常變換體位以促進血液循環(huán)和腸蠕動,疾病恢復(fù)后協(xié)助患者盡早下床活動,防治褥瘡,促進患者腸胃功能恢復(fù)。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)

①記錄兩組患者手術(shù)完成情況,如麻醉時間、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量;術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況,如術(shù)后排氣時間、下床活動時間、住院時間。②兩組患者均在術(shù)后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h采用疼痛數(shù)字評分法(Numerical rating scale,NRS)[7]進行疼痛評分。③記錄兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

采用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行分析,計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者術(shù)中情況比較

兩組患者手術(shù)麻醉時間、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

2.2兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)速度比較

實驗組患者經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后,術(shù)后排氣時間、下床活動時間及住院時間均較對照組明顯縮短(P<0.01)。見表2。

2.3 兩組患者術(shù)后各時間點VAS評分比較

實驗組患者經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后在術(shù)后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h時間點NRS評分均明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

2.4兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較

實驗組經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率為10.41%,明顯低于對照組的27.09%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。

3 討論

近年來腹腔鏡手術(shù)因創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快及并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)點在臨床廣泛應(yīng)用,雖屬于微創(chuàng)手術(shù)但仍不可避免的會對機體產(chǎn)生明顯的應(yīng)激性刺激,大多數(shù)并發(fā)癥和器官功能障礙均與手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷密切相關(guān),術(shù)后疼痛可不同程度刺激機體,導(dǎo)致胃腸道功能恢復(fù)及住院時間延長[8-9]。因此對于進行腹腔鏡手術(shù)的患者,對圍手術(shù)期間創(chuàng)傷因子進行干預(yù),能夠明顯促進患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。

快速康復(fù)模式是近年來興起的一種協(xié)同治療體系,其是將外科學(xué)、麻醉學(xué)、心理學(xué)等多個學(xué)科整合在一起,同時需要醫(yī)護人員及患者之間的共同配合,在總結(jié)各種不利于患者圍手術(shù)期恢復(fù)因素的基礎(chǔ)上,以最大限度的減輕手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷和各種應(yīng)激反應(yīng)對機體的傷害為目的,加快患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)速度,目前已應(yīng)用于胃腸外科、胸心外科、泌尿外科等多個領(lǐng)域[10-11]??焖倏祻?fù)模式理論是安全有效的,結(jié)合到結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)中其措施是可行的,具體為:①術(shù)前進行充分的溝通和心理干預(yù),有效溝通可緩解患者緊張恐懼心理,減輕患者生理應(yīng)激反應(yīng),使患者樹立積極地心態(tài)面對癌癥,配合醫(yī)生治療,能使患者擁有良好的心態(tài)面對手術(shù)[12-13]。②術(shù)前飲食及胃腸道準(zhǔn)備,常規(guī)康復(fù)模式常要求患者在術(shù)前12 h絕對禁食及胃腸道準(zhǔn)備,為降低術(shù)后切口感染的發(fā)生率,但有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)中過早禁食可增加患者術(shù)中血糖血壓降低的風(fēng)險,對患者灌腸可增加患者術(shù)后吻合口瘺的發(fā)生率??焖倏祻?fù)模式認(rèn)為縮短患者術(shù)前禁食時間可減輕患者胰島素抵抗,增加舒適度,減少術(shù)后惡心嘔吐的發(fā)生[14]。③術(shù)中保溫及補液:既往術(shù)中因考慮患者術(shù)前禁飲及術(shù)中失血等原因,術(shù)中補液較多,導(dǎo)致患者血漿膠體滲透壓下降,腸壁水腫加重,術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)慢[15-16];在快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)中使用保溫措施,并限制性補液,可有效減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)展,促進胃腸功能的恢復(fù)。④術(shù)后飲食:既往一般要求患者術(shù)后肛門排氣后進食,但手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷可使患者處于負(fù)氮平衡狀態(tài),應(yīng)及時給予營養(yǎng)支持[17];快速康復(fù)模式提倡患者術(shù)后4 h給予流質(zhì)飲食,不僅可促進胃腸蠕動保護腸黏膜功能,還可減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早期經(jīng)口進食可刺激腸道蠕動,降低腸麻痹、腸管淤積、吻合口瘺等不良事件的發(fā)生率[18-19]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,實驗組患者經(jīng)快速康復(fù)模式干預(yù)后術(shù)后排氣時間、下床活動時間及住院時間均較對照組明顯縮短(P<0.05);實驗組患者術(shù)后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h時間點NRS評分均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05),且實驗組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,提示快速康復(fù)模式在腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期中應(yīng)用效果顯著,減輕疼痛帶來的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),加快術(shù)后恢復(fù)速度,且安全有效。

綜上所述,快速康復(fù)模式應(yīng)用于腹腔鏡結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期可明顯促進患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,使有限的醫(yī)療資源得以充分利用,可在臨床推廣使用。

[參考文獻]

[1] Long AG,Lundsmith ET,Hamilton KE.Inflammation and colorectal cancer[J]. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports,2017,13(4):341-351.

[2] Safauldeen AAD,F(xiàn)aris HAL.Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in iraq[J].Gulf? Journal of Oncology,2018,1(26):23-26.

[3] Bruintjes MH,Van Helden EV,Braat? AE,et al.Deep neuromuscular block to optimize surgical space conditions during laparoscopic surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Bja British Journal of Anaesthesia,2017,118(6):834-842.

[4] Tyson G,Morgan KA,Patrick D,et al.Evaluation of the US army? special? forces? tactical human? optimization,rapid Rehabilitation,and reconditioning? program[J].Journal of Special Operations Medicine A Peer Reviewed Journal for Sof Medical Professionals,2018,18(2):42-48.

[5] Randi WA,Lise AH,Evelien PM,et al.Who among patients with acquired brain injury returned to work after occupational rehabilitation? The rapid-return-to-work-cohort-study[J].Disability & Rehabilitation,2017,40(21):1-10.

[6] 中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會醫(yī)政醫(yī)管局,中華醫(yī)學(xué)會腫瘤學(xué)分會.結(jié)直腸癌診療規(guī)范(2015年版)[J].中華外科雜志,2015,53(12):881-894.

[7] Van Berckel MM,Bosma NH,Hageman MG, et al.The? correlation? between a? numerical rating? scale of? patient? satisfaction with? current? management of an? upper extremity disorder and a? general? measure of? satisfaction? with the? medical visit[J]. Hand,2017,12(2):202-207.

[8] Chubak J,Boudreau DM,Rulyak SJ,et al.Colorectal cancer risk in relation to antidepressant medication use[J]. International? Journal of Cancer,2018,128(1):227-232.

[9] Kang MK,Jae GK,Beatrice CHS,et al.Early experiences with ultra-Fast-Track extubation after surgery for congenital heart disease at a single center[J].Korean Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery,2018,51(4):247-253.

[10] Joel Joshi O,Olivier D,Maurice YM.Fast-track orthognathic surgery:An evidence-based review[J].Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery,2017,7(2):166-175.

[11] Ru Cheng.Application of rapid bowel rehabilitation programme in radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder[J].Translational Andrology & Urology,2017,6(S3):AB044-AB044.

[12] Stam D,F(xiàn)ernandez J.Robotic gait assistive technology as means to aggressive mobilization strategy in acute rehabilitation following severe diffuse axonal injury:A case study[J]. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology,2017,12(5):543-549.

[13] Attri JP,Singh M,Bhatt H,et al.Application of? discharge? criteria for? home? readiness using? bispectral and supraglottic airway devices in day-care surgery without using muscle relaxants[J].Anesth Essays Res,2017, 11(4):816-820.

[14] Efstratios Z,Theodoros L,Anastasios M,et al.Fast-Track Pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Elderly[J].Am Surg,2017, 83(3):239-249.

[15] Giorgi G.Chronic patient and a circular care-related prevention-treatment-rehabilitation model[J]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon,2018,40(1):6-21.

[16] Bowker MA,Antoninka AJ.Rapid exsitu culture of N-fixing soil lichens and biocrusts is enhanced by complementarity[J]. Plant and Soil, 2016, 408:1-2.

[17] Nikitina? AV, Sukhinov? AI,? Ugolnitsky GA,et al.Optimal control of sustainable development in the biological rehabilitation of the Azov sea[J].Mathematical Models & Computer Simulations,2017,9(1):101-107.

[18] Schoener ER,Hunter S,Howe L.Development of a rapid HRM qPCR for the diagnosis of the four most prevalent? plasmodium lineages in New Zealand[J].Parasitology Research,2017,116(8):1-11.

[19] Louise B,Anthony S,Larry D.The global need for lived experience leadership[J].Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,2018,41(1):76-79.

(收稿日期:2020-02-11)

猜你喜歡
結(jié)直腸癌圍手術(shù)期臨床效果
氬氦刀冷凍消融聯(lián)合FOLFIRI方案治療結(jié)直腸癌術(shù)后肝轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床觀察
結(jié)直腸癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)再手術(shù)治療近期效果及隨訪結(jié)果分析
對比腹腔鏡與開腹手術(shù)治療結(jié)直腸癌的臨床療效與安全性
快速康復(fù)外科對結(jié)直腸癌患者圍術(shù)期護理的指導(dǎo)意義分析
創(chuàng)傷骨科下肢骨折手術(shù)圍手術(shù)期深靜脈血栓形成的預(yù)防與護理
蘭索拉唑聯(lián)合抗生素三聯(lián)療法治療胃潰瘍的臨床療效觀察
替米沙坦不同給藥時間治療高血壓的療效分析研究
觀察不同劑量阿托伐他汀治療腦梗死的臨床效果
成人腹腔鏡疝修補術(shù)92例臨床分析