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殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎的臨床療效分析

2020-08-06 14:27劉少曉賴曉珺林雪芳
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2020年16期
關(guān)鍵詞:臨床療效

劉少曉 賴曉珺 林雪芳

[摘要] 目的 研究殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎的臨床療效。 方法 2018年2月~2019年3月選取非淋菌性宮頸炎患者92例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分為兩組,每組46例。觀察組應(yīng)用殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療,對(duì)照組應(yīng)用多西環(huán)素單純治療,均治療8周,對(duì)比兩組的治療效果、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率、T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群及患者治療滿意度。 結(jié)果 觀察組治療總有效率為95.65%,明顯高于對(duì)照組(69.57%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組惡心嘔吐、納差、腹瀉、發(fā)熱等不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率為8.68%,明顯低于對(duì)照組(28.25%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者滿意度為97.83%,明顯高于對(duì)照組(76.09%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療前,兩組患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后兩組患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+均明顯升高,而CD4+/CD8+明顯降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中觀察組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+明顯高于對(duì)照組,而CD4+/CD8+明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎的臨床療效顯著,值得推廣應(yīng)用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜;多西環(huán)素;非淋菌性宮頸炎;臨床療效

[中圖分類號(hào)] R711.32? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)16-0047-04

Clinical efficacy analysis of chitosan cervical antibacterial membrane combined with doxycycline in the treatment of non-gonococcal cervicitis

LIU Shaoxiao? ?LAI Xiaojun? ?LIN Xuefang

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lishui People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui? ?323000,China

[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical effect of chitosan cervical antibacterial membrane combined with doxycycline on non-gonococcal cervicitis. Methods From February 2018 to March 2019, 92 patients with nongonococcal cervicitis were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number rule, 46 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with chitosan cervical antibacterial membrane combined with doxycycline, while the control group was treated with doxycycline alone for 8 weeks. Then the therapeutic effect, incidence of adverse reactions, T lymphocyte subsets and treatment satisfaction were compared. Results the total effective rate of the observation group was 95.65%, significantly higher than that of the control group(69.57%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). the incidence rate of adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea and fever in the observation group was 8.68%, significantly lower than that of the control group(28.25%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group was 97.83%, significantly higher than that of the control group(76.09%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ in the two groups were significantly increased, while CD4+/CD8+ was significantly decreased, with significant difference(P<0.05). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while CD4+/CD8+ was significantly lower than that in the control group, with significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Chitosan cervical antibacterial membrane combined with doxycycline had a significant clinical effect in the treatment of nongonococcal cervicitis, which was worthy of further promotion and application.

[Key words] Chitosan cervical antibacterial membrane; Doxycycline; Non-gonococcal cervicitis; Clinical efficacy

非淋菌性宮頸炎是一種臨床常見的婦科疾病,具有一定的傳染性,且容易復(fù)發(fā),對(duì)患者的身體健康和生活質(zhì)量都有較大影響[1]。非淋菌性宮頸炎主要由支原體和沙眼衣原體感染導(dǎo)致,但由于臨床相關(guān)藥物使用過多,細(xì)菌耐藥性較高,故單一用藥療效較差,無法滿足患者需求[2]。根據(jù)相關(guān)研究,殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎臨床效果較好,且不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生較少[3]。本研究也針對(duì)殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎的臨床療效進(jìn)行分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 臨床資料

選擇2018年2月~2019年3月麗水市人民醫(yī)院收治的92例非淋菌性宮頸炎患者,根據(jù)不同治療方式將患者分為兩組,見表1。其中觀察組46例,年齡21~47歲,平均年齡(33.16±1.09)歲,平均病程(4.16±0.34)個(gè)月;對(duì)照組46例,年齡20~46歲,平均年齡(33.12±1.07)歲,平均病程(4.21±0.31)個(gè)月。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:符合非淋菌性宮頸炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),同意本次研究并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]:合并其他婦科疾病,合并嚴(yán)重心、肺、腎疾病,對(duì)本次研究所使用的藥物過敏,不能配合治療,有較嚴(yán)重的精神疾病史。兩組患者一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)展開。

表1? ?兩組患者一般資料比較

1.2 方法

對(duì)照組患者進(jìn)行單一多西環(huán)素(廣州柏賽羅藥業(yè)有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20013375,規(guī)格:100 mg)治療,每天2次,每次100 mg,口服,共治療8周。觀察組患者使用殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜[浙江三創(chuàng)生物科技有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):浙食藥監(jiān)械(準(zhǔn))字2013第2640564號(hào),規(guī)格:C-M型1/1]聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療,多西環(huán)素藥品及治療方式與對(duì)照組相同。殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜使用需調(diào)整患者體位,充分暴露宮頸,用干棉球擦拭宮頸表面及陰道內(nèi)部的分泌物,再將殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜放置在宮頸管內(nèi)或者宮頸表面,停留10 s待藥物完全貼合后用紗球?qū)λ幬镞M(jìn)行固定,留置藥物24 h后可以將紗球取出,每周治療1次,共治療8周。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

觀察比較兩組患者的滿意度、有效率、不良反應(yīng)及T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群。

1.3.1 護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)價(jià)? 采取調(diào)查問卷的方式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集,調(diào)查的內(nèi)容包括對(duì)護(hù)理人員的態(tài)度,藥物以及醫(yī)療常識(shí)問答等10項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,每一項(xiàng)為10分,整個(gè)調(diào)查表分值為100分,通過調(diào)查了解到患者對(duì)護(hù)理的評(píng)價(jià),如果調(diào)查分?jǐn)?shù)≥80分代表滿意,分?jǐn)?shù)60~79分代表一般滿意,分?jǐn)?shù)<60分為代表不滿意。護(hù)理滿意度=(滿意例數(shù)+一般滿意例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%[5]。

1.3.2 治療有效率評(píng)價(jià)? 顯效:患者臨床癥狀消失,身體恢復(fù)健康。有效:患者臨床癥狀有所緩解,身體健康有所保證。無效:患者臨床癥狀無變化,身體康復(fù)速度慢[6]??傆行?(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.3.3 藥物不良反應(yīng)[7]? 參照《常見嚴(yán)重藥品不良反應(yīng)技術(shù)規(guī)范及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者在治療過程中的惡心嘔吐、納差、腹瀉及發(fā)熱等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。

1.3.4 T淋巴細(xì)胞檢測(cè)? 取100 μL抗凝血細(xì)胞懸液置入流式細(xì)胞檢測(cè)管中,加入熒光素標(biāo)記單抗混勻,室溫孕育20 min,加入細(xì)胞裂解液,離心后丟棄上清,PBS洗滌一次,然后重懸于700 μL的PBS中,置于流式細(xì)胞儀上,選定淋巴細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)CD3+、CD4+、CD8+各T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群[8]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

使用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料用%表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者治療有效率比較

觀察組治療總有效率為95.65%,明顯高于對(duì)照組(69.57%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.2 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較

觀察組患者的惡心嘔吐、納差、腹瀉、發(fā)熱等不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率為8.68%,明顯低于對(duì)照組(28.25%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

2.3兩組患者治療滿意度比較

觀察組患者滿意度為97.83%,明顯高于對(duì)照組患者滿意度(76.09%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。

2.4兩組患者治療前后T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群水平比較

治療前,兩組患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+均明顯升高,而CD4+/CD8+明顯降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中觀察組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+明顯高于對(duì)照組,而CD4+/CD8+明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表5。

3討論

非淋菌性宮頸炎主要是通過性傳播導(dǎo)致,且臨床發(fā)病率較高,傳染性較強(qiáng)。導(dǎo)致非淋菌性宮頸炎的主要病因?yàn)樯逞垡略w和解脲支原體[9]及純型皰疹病毒和白念珠菌等,導(dǎo)致非淋菌性宮頸炎的病菌多種多樣,需要提高臨床重視[10-13]。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果表明,多西環(huán)素能夠?qū)β菪w、支原體、非典型分枝桿菌、衣原體、多立克次體屬等病菌起到有效的抑制作用,所以臨床大量使用多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎,由于目前臨床應(yīng)用抗生素的數(shù)量和范圍較高,導(dǎo)致相關(guān)病菌對(duì)抗生素的耐藥性增強(qiáng),因此單純用藥在臨床中的療效較差,不能達(dá)到治療的目的,而且不良反應(yīng)較多,長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用會(huì)對(duì)患者身體產(chǎn)生不良影響,因此需要聯(lián)合用藥[14-15]。本研究提示,利用殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素,能有效治療非淋菌性宮頸炎,且殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜安全性高,對(duì)患者宮頸創(chuàng)面產(chǎn)生的刺激較少,不易發(fā)生過敏及耐藥性。另外,殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜屬于一種凸型的結(jié)構(gòu),在附著宮頸面之后能嵌入宮頸管內(nèi),接觸到分泌物等液體之后,藥物可以迅速軟化緊貼在宮頸部位,保證藥物不會(huì)輕易脫落,不僅能夠?qū)m頸表面進(jìn)行藥物治療,還能夠?qū)m頸管內(nèi)進(jìn)行有效治療,提高治療效果[16]。另外患者也可以聯(lián)合片劑栓塞劑或普通栓塞劑進(jìn)行治療,這樣能夠防止藥物溶解或者患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后所導(dǎo)致的藥物移位或脫落,進(jìn)一步提高了藥物使用的安全性[17]。本研究中,觀察組的治療有效率95.65%,對(duì)照組的治療有效率69.57%,觀察組的療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組的惡心嘔吐、納差、腹瀉、發(fā)熱等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為8.68%,對(duì)照組的惡心嘔吐、納差、腹瀉、發(fā)熱等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為28.25%,觀察組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組的治療滿意度(97.83%)高于對(duì)照組(76.09%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

T淋巴細(xì)胞(CD3+)可以分為輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞(CD4+)和抑制性T淋巴細(xì)胞(CD8+)[18],研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在宮頸炎急性期CD4+和CD8+升高,而CD4+/CD8+比值下降[19],經(jīng)過治療后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+比值均會(huì)明顯高于治療前[20],提示宮頸炎的發(fā)生與細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài)紊亂相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果提示,治療前兩組患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后兩組患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+均明顯升高,而CD4+/CD8+明顯降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中觀察組CD3+、CD4+、CD8+明顯高于對(duì)照組,而CD4+/CD8+明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

綜上所述,殼聚糖宮頸抗菌膜聯(lián)合多西環(huán)素治療非淋菌性宮頸炎的臨床療效顯著,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生降低,臨床治療效果提高,治療時(shí)間縮短,安全度提高,且能提高患者的免疫力,可以進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期使用,值得在臨床進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用推廣。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-19)

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