【摘要】語(yǔ)音教學(xué)是小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容之一。在譯林版《英語(yǔ)》三下Unit 8 We are twins(Fun time & Sound time)一課的教學(xué)中,教師重構(gòu)語(yǔ)音板塊,讓語(yǔ)音教學(xué)與自主閱讀同步進(jìn)行,從而讓學(xué)生在故事情境中學(xué)習(xí)、內(nèi)化、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)音知識(shí),并以拼讀促閱讀。
【關(guān)鍵詞】小學(xué)英語(yǔ);語(yǔ)音教學(xué);自主閱讀;教學(xué)課例
【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】G623.31【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A【文章編號(hào)】1005-6009(2020)41-0057-05
【作者簡(jiǎn)介】朱曉芳,江蘇省蘇州市金閶外國(guó)語(yǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校(江蘇蘇州,215008)校長(zhǎng),高級(jí)教師,江蘇省英語(yǔ)特級(jí)教師。
語(yǔ)音教學(xué)是小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容之一。《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)小學(xué)生的語(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)給出了明確要求:正確讀出26個(gè)英文字母;了解簡(jiǎn)單的拼讀規(guī)律等。譯林版《英語(yǔ)》是一套以三年級(jí)為起點(diǎn)的教材,Letter time板塊編排在三上教材中,Sound time板塊分布于三下至六下教材中,前后共編排了26個(gè)字母和17個(gè)字母組合在單詞中的基本讀音,此外還涉及一些句子的重讀、連讀及語(yǔ)調(diào)等,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)的練習(xí)。
雖然譯林版《英語(yǔ)》教材以三年級(jí)為起點(diǎn),但不少地區(qū)從一年級(jí)就開(kāi)始教英語(yǔ),到了三年級(jí),學(xué)生已經(jīng)具備一定的單詞拼讀能力和初步的文本閱讀能力。因此,在這些區(qū)域,小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音教學(xué)不僅要基于現(xiàn)行教材,更要基于課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)教材中的Letter time和Sound time板塊進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整:在一年級(jí)下學(xué)期完成26個(gè)字母的教學(xué);從二年級(jí)上學(xué)期起著重培養(yǎng)低年級(jí)學(xué)生“見(jiàn)詞能讀、聽(tīng)音能拼”的能力,同時(shí)對(duì)教材各單元的目標(biāo)詞匯提“四會(huì)”要求;自三年級(jí)下學(xué)期起重構(gòu)教材Sound time板塊,強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)音意識(shí)培養(yǎng),同時(shí)將音形義三者相結(jié)合,細(xì)化語(yǔ)音規(guī)則,并有計(jì)劃地拓展課外閱讀,以拼讀促閱讀,從而提升學(xué)生的自主閱讀能力。
在譯林版《英語(yǔ)》三下Unit 8 We are twins(Fun time & Sound time)一課的教學(xué)中,教師引領(lǐng)學(xué)生將字母n的發(fā)音及拼讀規(guī)律的學(xué)習(xí)融于以含有字母n的繪本為語(yǔ)料、以Who is...? He/ She is ...目標(biāo)句型為支架、以小組合作為方式的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中。教師梳理語(yǔ)音要點(diǎn),幫助學(xué)生建構(gòu)字母與其發(fā)音之間一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系,并促使學(xué)生將語(yǔ)音知識(shí)遷移至新詞的學(xué)習(xí)中,從而自然地習(xí)得發(fā)音規(guī)則。此外,本節(jié)課的語(yǔ)音教學(xué)與自主閱讀同步進(jìn)行,學(xué)生在故事情境中學(xué)習(xí)、內(nèi)化、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)音知識(shí),并以拼讀促閱讀。
一、視聽(tīng)說(shuō)融入,強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)音意識(shí)
Warm up
學(xué)生欣賞、跟唱歌曲Look at my family photo.
學(xué)生跟唱歌曲(歌曲涵蓋本單元的目標(biāo)詞匯及關(guān)于人物關(guān)系的新詞),既激活已學(xué)知識(shí),又拓寬知識(shí)面,更能為語(yǔ)言輸出奠定基礎(chǔ)。此外,韻律感十足的歌曲可激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。
Free talk(Revision)
T: There are some people here. Do you know them? You can guess.
游戲:Quick response
Whos he(that boy)? Hes Mike./Whos he(that man)?Hes Mikes uncle./Whos she(that girl)?Shes Yang Ling./Whos she(that woman)?Shes Yang Lings aunt./Who are they(the girls)? Theyre Su Hai and Su Yang. They are twins.
詞不離句,句不離境是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的基本原則,所以語(yǔ)音在特定語(yǔ)境的詞句游戲中更易被學(xué)生理解與掌握。在快速問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)中,學(xué)生整體回顧Story time板塊的內(nèi)容,同時(shí)圍繞Unit 4 My family(Story time)中出現(xiàn)的人物,用句型Who is...?對(duì)人物關(guān)系進(jìn)行問(wèn)答。通過(guò)問(wèn)答,學(xué)生感悟字母n在不同單詞中的發(fā)音,從而建立起字母和語(yǔ)音之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系并提升習(xí)得新單詞的能力。
二、唱演玩融會(huì),細(xì)化語(yǔ)音規(guī)律
T(:呈現(xiàn)一張嬰兒的照片)Who is it? Its a
baby. We dont know who it is.
游戲:Guessing Time
T: Look,it was him several years ago. Now he is a boy. I give you some information about him-N(name): Nick,n(age): nine,n(thing): a new book. Can you say something about him?
T: This is a girl. Who is she?I give you some information about her-N(name):Nancy,n(age): ten,n(thing):a pen. Can you say something about her?
T: Please say something about Nick and Nancy.First,please read the sentences together. Then read them quickly.
三、音形義融合,內(nèi)化語(yǔ)音素養(yǎng)
學(xué)習(xí)Fun time板塊
T: Who can you see in the story?(出示Kipper一家的三張照片)
Students watch the video of making a family tree by Kipper first. And then say something according to Kippers family tree.
Kippers family tree
Hello! Im Kipper. I am making my family tree.Look! This is me. I have a sister Biff and a brother Chip. The tall man is my father. The nice woman is my mother. Our mother has a brother. Hes my uncle. The woman in the hat is my aunt. She is my uncles wife.The old man is mygrandfather.Theoldwomanismy grandmother. They are my mother and my uncles parents.I love my family.
本課采用激活舊圖式—建立新圖式—遷移新圖式的教法,由繪本W(wǎng)hat a din!引出主人公 Kipper一家的全家福,然后談?wù)撊宋镩g的關(guān)系,這可幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)過(guò)的人物關(guān)系詞匯,特別是帶有n的單詞,同時(shí)能激活學(xué)生的已有圖式,并幫助其建立字母、詞匯、故事之間的聯(lián)系。學(xué)生在小組合作中完成任務(wù)——制作家譜,建立新圖式,并用新穎的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)新故事的朗讀、理解。
Read,Make and Say
T: Kipper can make his family tree. He has six story books to read and make the family trees. Can you help him? I think all of you can do it.
My family(Level 1)
This is my mother.This is my father.This is my grandpa.This is my grandma.This is my uncle. This is my aunt.This is my sister.This is me. Im Tony.This is my family.
The baby monkeys family(Level 1)
Hello! My name is Baby Monkey.This is my family.This is my dad.This is my mum.This is my sister.This is my brother.This is my grandma. This is my pet... Shark! We are the monkey family!
Family(Level 2)
Hi,Mary!/Hello,Tom!/Mary,this is my grandma./Welcome!/This is Jack,my brother./He is big./My mom and dad./Nice to meet you./Nice to meet you,too./She is Linda,my sister./Oh! She is pretty!/And this is my little brother./Hello!/ Aaah...
Ninos family(Level 2)
Hello,my name is Bolooloo./Whats your name? My names Nino./Who is she? She is my mommy./Ahhhhh... Help./Who is he? He is my daddy./Who is he? Hahaha,he is my brother. So cute. She is my sister./Help! Help! Help! Help!/ Who is she? She is my grandma./This is my family.
I love my family(Level 3)This is my family./This is my father. He is handsome. He is a policeman. I like him. This is my grandfather. He is old. This is my grandmother. She is old,too. She likes swimming very much. This is my mother. She is pretty. They are my sister and brother. They are cute. They like to watch TV. They like cartoons. Finally,My name is Jill. I am 7 years old. I love my family.
Bens family(Level 3)
Look,what I have. Its a camera. Im going to take pictures of my family.This is my father. What is he doing? He is washing a car. This is my mother. What is she doing? She is cooking in the kitchen.This is my brother. What is he doing? He is blowing bubbles in the back yard.This is my grandfather. What is he doing? He is reading a book in the living room.This is my sister. What is she doing? She is playing the piano.These are photos of my family. Arent they great?
T: First,you should be a best reader. Choose the story you like,then read it by yourself. Next,you should be a great maker. Make the family tree in your group. Stick the photosof familymembers—Writedownthe names of the relation—Draw lines. Finally,you should be a super speaker. Talk about the other family tree. If you can ask three questions with“who”,then say something about it,you are the super speaker.
基于學(xué)生的詞匯量,結(jié)合本單元的語(yǔ)音及詞句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),筆者創(chuàng)編了三種難度系數(shù)的六個(gè)小故事,同時(shí)還制作了六本圖文結(jié)合并帶錄音示范的電子書(shū)。學(xué)生在平板電腦上聽(tīng)讀自己喜歡又符合自己閱讀能力的故事,模仿跟讀錄音示范,從而強(qiáng)化詞匯音形義之間的聯(lián)系。學(xué)生從獨(dú)立運(yùn)用單詞到進(jìn)行對(duì)話交流再到用關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)解釋人物關(guān)系,以點(diǎn)帶面,遷移新圖式,將故事內(nèi)容串接了起來(lái),同時(shí)思辨能力也能得到有效提升。
小組合作是強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)音體驗(yàn)、內(nèi)化語(yǔ)音規(guī)律、提升語(yǔ)音素養(yǎng)的重要途徑。學(xué)生從繪本中提取關(guān)鍵詞,梳理人物關(guān)系。在弄清故事結(jié)構(gòu)及人物關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)生在小組一體機(jī)上完成Family tree的制作,而最終的語(yǔ)言輸出活動(dòng)則是介紹家譜,介紹后,學(xué)生在組內(nèi)評(píng)議出Best Reader,Great Maker,Super Speaker。
讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)音規(guī)律進(jìn)行自主閱讀,讓學(xué)生在同伴對(duì)話中邊說(shuō)邊做,讓學(xué)生在真實(shí)情境下組織語(yǔ)言描述人物關(guān)系,這有助于提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)音及語(yǔ)用能力。構(gòu)建以拼讀促閱讀的綜合語(yǔ)用活動(dòng),可發(fā)展學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,同時(shí)還能讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷重發(fā)現(xiàn)、重思考、重過(guò)程、重實(shí)踐的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程。
阿基米德說(shuō)過(guò):給我一個(gè)支點(diǎn),我可以撬起地球。重整再構(gòu)Sound time板塊,合理優(yōu)化語(yǔ)音教學(xué),幫助學(xué)生掌握發(fā)音規(guī)律,提升“見(jiàn)詞能讀、聽(tīng)音能拼”的語(yǔ)音素養(yǎng),就是給予學(xué)生一個(gè)撬動(dòng)英語(yǔ)自主閱讀的支點(diǎn)。如此,學(xué)生便能開(kāi)啟拼讀領(lǐng)先、聽(tīng)讀結(jié)合、促說(shuō)帶寫(xiě)的自主閱讀之旅,進(jìn)而全面提升英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)。