檻外山光如舊
——清華大學(xué)圖書館北館建筑創(chuàng)作

2020-07-14 12:17:10ArchitecturalDesignandResearchofTsinghuaUniversityCo.Ltd.

世界建筑 2020年6期

建筑設(shè)計：清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院有限公司

Architects: Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co., Ltd.

1 北側(cè)鳥瞰圖

2 總平面

近百年來，清華大學(xué)圖書館屢經(jīng)展擴，人文日新，北館暨李文正館為最近一期。其設(shè)計營建，旨在既融于水清木華綽約風(fēng)致，又以自身形貌功能增益今日大學(xué)。雖求悠然澹泊、克制審慎，猶望對話當(dāng)下，得見時代精神。

1 背景

清華大學(xué)圖書館是校園的重要標(biāo)志性建筑，始建于1919 年，由美國建筑師亨利·墨菲設(shè)計。其后歷經(jīng)兩次擴建：1930 年代由楊廷寶設(shè)計的二期擴建和1980 年代由關(guān)肇鄴設(shè)計的三期擴建。北館暨李文正館，是對圖書館建筑的第四期擴建，地處清華大學(xué)校園核心區(qū)。設(shè)計力求在延續(xù)校園歷史文脈的同時滿足當(dāng)代教學(xué)與學(xué)科發(fā)展需要。

2 形式

北館與圖書館既有建筑聯(lián)結(jié)為一有機整體。為減輕對周圍環(huán)境的壓迫感，新建建筑主體上部呈收分退讓的姿態(tài)，而頂層內(nèi)收的外圍墻體向下延伸，成為圖書館一至三層內(nèi)外層空間之間的分隔界面，兩層空間通過墻體上的開洞相互流通，由此形成建筑內(nèi)外雙層的空間嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)：在建筑最外圍3 層高的通透表皮之內(nèi)，包裹著平衡了分隔與滲透作用的、更具實體感的4 層高墻體。建筑內(nèi)部這種設(shè)計邏輯和空間關(guān)系，真實地反映在建筑立面上——在華燈初上的夜景中，被兩層墻體的疊加效果表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。在此基礎(chǔ)上，圖書館富于構(gòu)成感的紅磚構(gòu)架、大面積的玻璃幕墻以及抽象的細(xì)部處理等，都在與既有館舍相協(xié)調(diào)的前提下，清晰明確地表達(dá)出更加當(dāng)代的特色。

3 功能

在分隔界面墻體所包裹的內(nèi)層空間中，布置了學(xué)術(shù)型圖書館常見的“藏閱一體”的閱覽空間，而在該墻體與氣候邊界外墻之間的外層空間中，設(shè)計了交通空間、休閑閱覽等公共性更強的功能，與外部景觀形成更強的互動性。設(shè)計充分體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)代高校圖書館發(fā)展的趨勢，在功能上彌補了圖書館大空間閱覽室的不足，并增加展廳、咖啡廳、開放書店、小組討論空間、研修間、古籍修復(fù)區(qū)等新功能，同時在不同標(biāo)高層設(shè)置若干貫通數(shù)層的公共空間，串聯(lián)起整個室內(nèi)外空間流線。

檻外山光如舊，窗中云影常新，本項目在薪傳清華圖書館以往各期建筑“和諧得體”傳統(tǒng)的同時適度創(chuàng)新，以利于校園體形環(huán)境和建筑功能的不斷演進(jìn)與多元發(fā)展，試為清華圖書館的奏鳴曲謹(jǐn)添一華彩終章。

As the latest addition to the University Library of Tsinghua University, which has been a constantly growing cluster during the past one hundred years, the North Wing, or the Mochtar Riady Library as it is named after its donor, shows great effort in responding to and situating itself within the historical context of the campus while at the same time complementing and improving the latter by expressing a subtle zeitgeist and temperate contemporariness in both its form and function.

1 Background

The Tsinghua University Library is a landmark building on the Tsinghua University campus. It was initially designed by American architect Henry Murphy, and the construction was completed in 1919, followed by two extensions: the second phase of construction designed by YANG Tingbao in the 1930s, and the third phase of construction designed by GUAN Zhaoye in the 1980s. This project is the fourth phase of extension of the library complex, located in the core area of the campus. The library embodies the continuance of the historical context of the university, and at the same time addresses the need for development in regards to teaching and academic disciplines.

2 Form

The new building and the existing cluster are interconnected as an organic whole. The main volume is in a gesture of setting back its top to mitigate its pressure on the surroundings. The setback exterior walls of the fourth-floor extends themselves downward, serving as a partition between the inner space and the peripheral areas, whereas the circulation in-between is enabled via openings in the wall, and thus generates a horizontally two-layered structure which is fully reflected on the envelop of the building. Behind the three-story-high transparent fa?ade stands a four-story-high concrete wall, which gives a more solid feeling and keeps a spatial balance between separation and interconnection. With the lights on, this layered spatial arrangement is spotlighted against the dark of the night. Moreover, architectural details, such as the patterned brick sunshades on the outside, the extensive glass curtain wall, and decorations in an abstracted fashion, are all parts of the effort to make the new addition a coordinated as well as contemporarily expressed part of the existing library.

3 Function

Enclosed by the partition wall defining the inner space and the peripheral, is a collectionreading area, which is typical of academic libraries. The peripheral areas scattering between the wall and the outmost exterior cladding are for more public programs such as circulation, informal reading and so on, making it a more interactive transition to the outdoor landscape. The new addition represents the trend in the development of university libraries today. A series of complementing programmes are introduced with public spaces such as atriums joining the public circulations both inside and outside, including exhibition hall, café, bookstore, group discussion space, study lounge, ancient book restoration area, etc. In the meanwhile, the existing library's lack of big open reading space is also signif icantly mitigated.

Immersed in the same poetic beauty of the campus, the project is a trial to not only keep very consistent with the quality of "harmony and propriety", a tradition inherited from the precedent three phases of the library as a whole, but also add to it by contributing a very well controlled novelty and diversity to its physical environment as well as building programs, trying to wrap up the sonata of Tsinghua Library with a recapitulating cadenza.