孟濤 張楊梅 張有為 王翔 焦南林
[摘要] 目的 探討單羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(MCTs)在結(jié)直腸癌(CRC)中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。 方法 GEPIA2在線工具分析MCT1~4在CRC組織的表達(dá)及臨床意義。選擇江蘇省徐州市中心醫(yī)院2019年CRC組織標(biāo)本存檔蠟塊53例,免疫組化檢測MCT4蛋白的表達(dá),正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層成像(PET/CT)結(jié)果由患者術(shù)前檢查獲得。 結(jié)果 癌癥和腫瘤基因圖譜(TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫中,僅有MCT4 mRNA在結(jié)腸腺癌(COAD)組織(275例)和直腸腺癌(READ)組織(92例)中的表達(dá)顯著高于正常組織,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。MCT4高表達(dá)與CRC患者較差的無病生存期(DFS)有關(guān)(P < 0.05)。此外,MCT4蛋白表達(dá)在CRC組織明顯高于正常組織,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。對于MCT4高表達(dá)患者,PET/CT檢查的18氟脫氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化攝取值(SUV)高于MCT4低表達(dá)患者,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 MCT4在CRC發(fā)生發(fā)展中具有重要作用,可望成為新的治療靶點(diǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 結(jié)直腸癌;單羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白4;預(yù)后;免疫組化;正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層顯像
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.37? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)05(c)-0008-05
The expression and the clinical significance of monocarboxylate transporter 4 in colorectal cancer
MENG Tao1? ?ZHANG Yangmei2? ?ZHANG Youwei2? ?WANG Xiang2? ?JIAO Nanlin3
1.Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou? ?221009, China; 2.Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou? ?221009, China; 3.Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui Province, Wuhu? ?241001, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the expression and the clinical significance of monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCTs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The expression status and clinical significance of MCT1-4 in CRC tissues were analyzed online by GEPIA2 database. Fifty-three cases of CRC tissue specimen wax blocks of Xuzhou Central Hospital in 2019 were selected, and the expression of MCT4 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results of positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) were obtained from the patients before operation. Results In the cancer genome atlas project (TCGA) database, only the expression of MCT4 mRNA in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) tissues (275 cases) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) tissues (92 cases) were significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). High expression of MCT4 was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with CRC (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of MCT4 protein in CRC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). For patients with high expression of MCT4, the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) on PET/CT was higher than that of low expression of MCT4, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion MCT4 plays an important role in the development of CRC and is expected to become a new therapeutic target.
[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Monocarboxylic acid transporter 4; Prognosis; Immunohistochemistry; Positron emission tomography
結(jié)直腸癌(CRC)是世界范圍內(nèi)最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,每年新發(fā)病例約100萬例[1]。近年來,我國CRC發(fā)病率仍居高不下,防控形勢嚴(yán)峻[2],必須進(jìn)一步明確CRC發(fā)病機(jī)制。單羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(MCTs)是哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞膜上廣泛分布的一類跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,主要作用是參與調(diào)控乳酸、丙酮酸、丁酸、脂肪酸等單羧酸類物質(zhì)的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),從而維持內(nèi)環(huán)境及pH值穩(wěn)定,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[3-4]。MCTs家族包括14名成員,僅MCT1~4參與H+偶聯(lián)的單羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)[5]。本研究對MCT1~4在CRC中的表達(dá)進(jìn)行分析。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
53例原發(fā)性CRC組織標(biāo)本及其癌周正常組織(>3 cm)來自江蘇省徐州市中心醫(yī)院2019年存檔蠟塊,所有病例病理學(xué)診斷明確,術(shù)前均未接受放化療。GEPIA數(shù)據(jù)中的腫瘤組織信息來源于癌癥和腫瘤基因圖譜(the Cancer Genome Atlas Project,TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫,正常組織來源于TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫和基因型-組織表達(dá)(the Genotype-Tissue Expression project,GTEx)數(shù)據(jù)庫。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者均知情同意。
1.2 儀器與試劑
正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層成像(PET/CT)儀器購自荷蘭PHILIPS公司(Gemini GXL 16 Power型)。18-氟脫氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)藥物購自南京江原安迪科公司。兔抗人MCT4多克隆抗體(批號(hào):sc-50329)購自美國Santa Cruz公司,Envision免疫組化(IHC)檢測試劑盒購自英國Dako公司(批號(hào):GK500705)。
1.3 免疫組化(IHC)評分
調(diào)取蠟塊,以4 μm厚切片,脫蠟水化,3%過氧化氫消除內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶室溫10 min,磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(PBS)沖洗。高溫高壓抗原修復(fù),PBS再?zèng)_洗,滴加一抗(1∶100稀釋),4℃過夜。PBS沖洗后,二抗室溫孵育30 min,PBS沖洗,DAB顯色,流水沖洗10 min。蘇木精復(fù)染,脫水、透明,中性樹膠封片,光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察。切片由2名資深病理診斷醫(yī)師獨(dú)立判讀。MCT4陽性染色位于細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞漿,IHC評分根據(jù)染色強(qiáng)度和陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)來判定,評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照文獻(xiàn)[6]。
1.4 PET/CT檢查
患者術(shù)前至少空腹6 h,檢查前常規(guī)測血糖,血糖 < 6.60 mmol/L后,靜脈推注18F-FDG,劑量為4.44 MBq/kg,推注藥物后安靜平臥60~70 min,檢查前排空膀胱及大量飲水充盈胃腔。掃描包括平靜呼吸下CT掃描和PET采集。PET掃描采用三維采集模式,采集床位數(shù)9~10個(gè),每個(gè)床位采集時(shí)間為1.5~2.0 min。圖像經(jīng)衰減校正后重建,最終得到層厚為5 mm橫斷面、冠狀面、矢狀面的CT圖像、PET圖像及PET/CT融合圖像。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 16.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。MCTs表達(dá)及預(yù)后分析通過GEPIA在線工具完成(http://gepia2.cancer-pku.cn)。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用配對t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 MCT1~4在CRC中的表達(dá)
僅有MCT4在結(jié)腸腺癌(COAD)組織(275例)和直腸腺癌(READ)組織(92例)中的表達(dá)高于正常組織,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。MCT1~3與正常組織比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見圖1。
2.2 MCT4與CRC預(yù)后
利用GEPIA在線工具分析MCT4表達(dá)水平與CRC分期的關(guān)系,二者并無相關(guān)性。見圖2A。進(jìn)一步分析MCT4表達(dá)水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系,MCT4高表達(dá)與CRC總生存期(OS)無關(guān)(P = 0.310),但與患者較差的無病生存期(DFS)有關(guān)(P = 0.029)。見圖2B~C。
2.3 MCT4蛋白表達(dá)水平的驗(yàn)證
MCT4蛋白在CRC組織中(67.9%,36/53)為高表達(dá)(IHC評分≥3),而正常組織為43.4%(23/53)。根據(jù)IHC評分,CRC組織中MCT4蛋白表達(dá)明顯高于正常組織,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見圖3A~C。MCT4表達(dá)水平較高的患者(28例)PET/CT檢查的18氟脫氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化攝取值(SUV)高于MCT4表達(dá)水平較低的患者(25例),差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見圖3A~B、3D。MCT4蛋白高表達(dá)與患者性別、年齡、腫瘤位置、腫瘤大小、分化程度、浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期等無關(guān)(P > 0.05)。見表1。
3 討論
糖酵解是腫瘤細(xì)胞獲取能量的主要方式,代謝產(chǎn)生大量的乳酸、丙酮酸等酸性產(chǎn)物在腫瘤微環(huán)境中不斷累積,可反饋性地抑制糖酵解反應(yīng),并導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)酸化,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖[7-8]。如果要保持糖酵解反應(yīng)的順利進(jìn)行,必須將乳酸等代謝產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)出細(xì)胞。因此,乳酸的跨細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對于調(diào)控糖酵解反應(yīng)十分重要[9]。MCTs家族通過轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)乳酸、調(diào)節(jié)pH值,維持腫瘤細(xì)胞的高糖酵解表型和酸抵抗表型,與惡性腫瘤有密切聯(lián)系。其中,以MCT1和MCT4研究最為充分[10-13]。MCT4對乳酸的親和力較低,然而具有極高的生物運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)效率,在腫瘤組織中乳酸的轉(zhuǎn)出主要由MCT4來完成的[14]。為應(yīng)對糖酵解產(chǎn)生的乳酸,MCT4在腫瘤細(xì)胞中表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)[15]。值得注意的是,缺氧也可上調(diào)MCT4的表達(dá),參與調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲,與患者生存周期呈負(fù)相關(guān)[16-19]。如Martins等[20]研究顯示,MCT1和MCT4在原發(fā)性CRC組織中明顯升高,且與葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白1(GLUT1)表達(dá)相關(guān)。最新研究顯示[21],62.1%(36/58)的右側(cè)CRC患者和53.1%(95/179)的左側(cè)CRC患者顯示MCT4高表達(dá),MCT4的表達(dá)是左側(cè)CRC患者獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-31? 本文編輯:王曉曄)