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姜黃素對環(huán)磷酰胺所致小鼠腸蠕動障礙的作用及機(jī)制

2020-06-08 10:18:56林鵬李百濤劉絮影邱德強(qiáng)于小玲
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版) 2020年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:姜黃素環(huán)磷酰胺小鼠

林鵬 李百濤 劉絮影 邱德強(qiáng) 于小玲

[摘要] 目的 探討姜黃素改善環(huán)磷酰胺所致小鼠腸蠕動障礙的作用及機(jī)制。方法 選取雄性健康昆明小鼠40只,隨機(jī)分為對照組、姜黃素組、環(huán)磷酰胺組和姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組,每組10只。對照組給予溶媒溶液灌胃和生理鹽水腹腔注射,姜黃素組給予姜黃素灌胃和生理鹽水腹腔注射,環(huán)磷酰胺組給予溶媒溶液灌胃和環(huán)磷酰胺腹腔注射,姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組給予姜黃素灌胃和環(huán)磷酰胺腹腔注射。分別于第1次給藥前和末次給藥后,測量各組小鼠體質(zhì)量;采用亞甲藍(lán)灌胃法測量小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率;取小鼠十二指腸組織,采用熒光定量PCR法和Western blot法檢測Cajal間質(zhì)細(xì)胞(ICC)相關(guān)因子的表達(dá);小鼠十二指腸組織切片后行蘇木精-伊紅染色觀察組織學(xué)變化。結(jié)果 與對照組相比較,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠體質(zhì)量和小腸推進(jìn)率顯著降低(F=112.500、121.988,P<0.01);酪氨酸激酶受體C-kit及其配體干細(xì)胞因子(SCF)的mRNA相對表達(dá)量(F=181.895、201.84,P<0.01)以及蛋白表達(dá)量(F=71.258、93.025,P<0.01)顯著下降;組織學(xué)觀察顯示十二指腸黏膜下層大量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤。與環(huán)磷酰胺組相比較,姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠的體質(zhì)量和小腸推進(jìn)率均顯著升高(F=19.527、24.511,P<0.01);C-kit和SCF的mRNA相對表達(dá)量(F=24.576、37.935,P<0.01)以及蛋白表達(dá)量(F=23.631、39.906,P<0.01)顯著升高;十二指腸黏膜下層淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤數(shù)量明顯減少。而姜黃素組與對照組相比,上述指標(biāo)差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 姜黃素可顯著改善環(huán)磷酰胺所致小鼠腸蠕動障礙,其機(jī)制可能與改善腸組織C-kit/SCF信號有關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 姜黃素;環(huán)磷酰胺;胃腸活動;Cajal小腸細(xì)胞;小鼠

[中圖分類號] R282.71;R333 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)02-0185-05

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.036 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.r.20200303.1349.007.html;2020-03-04 14:04:59

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin in improving cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal peristalsis disorder in mice and its mechanism. ?Methods Forty healthy male Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups (control group, curcumin group, cyclophosphamide group, and curcumin+cyclophosphamide group), with 10 mice in each group. In the control group, solvent solution was intragastrically administered and physiological saline was intraperitoneally injected. In the curcumin group, curcumin was intragastrically administered and physiological saline was intraperitoneally injected. In the cyclophosphamide group, solvent solution was intragastrically administered and cyclophosphamide was intraperitoneally injected. In the curcumin+cyclophosphamide group, curcumin was intragastrically administered and cyclophosphamide was intraperitoneally injected. The body weight of the mice in each group was measured before the initial administration and after the last administration. The small intestinal propulsion rate was determined by gavage with methylene blue. The duodenum tissue was taken from the mice to determine the expression of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) related factors using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The duodenum tissue of the mice was made into sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the histological changes. ?Results Compared with the control group, the cyclophosphamide group had significantly decreased body weight and small intestinal propulsion rate (F=112.500,121.988;P<0.01), and significantly decreased relative mRNA expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinase (C-kit) and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) (F=181.895,201.84;P<0.01) and their protein expression levels (F=71.258,93.025;P<0.01); histological observations revealed massive infiltration of lymphocytes in the submucosa of the duodenum. Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, the curcumin+cyclophosphamide group had significantly increased body weight and small intestinal propulsion rate (F=19.527,24.511;P<0.01), and significantly increased relative mRNA expression levels of C-kit and SCF (F=24.576,37.935;P<0.01) and their protein expression levels (F=23.631,39.906;P<0.01); signifi-cantly reduced lymphocyte infiltration in the submucosa of the duodenum was observed. There were no significant differences in theabove indices between the curcumin group and the control group(P>0.05). ?Conclusion Curcumin can significantly improve cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal peristalsis disorder in mice, which may be related to its improving of the C-kit/SCF signaling in the intestinal tissue.

[KEY WORDS] curcumin; cyclophosphamide; gastrointestinal motility; interstitial cells of Cajal; mice

姜黃素是從姜黃的塊莖中提取出來的一種天然有效成分[1],作為一種天然的食品添加劑,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗腫瘤等多種藥理作用[2-4]。在胃腸道中,姜黃素在抗腸道炎癥和腫瘤方面也起著重要作用[5-9]。環(huán)磷酰胺因抗瘤譜較廣,對多種類型腫瘤有效,因而是目前臨床上常用的抗腫瘤藥物[10-11]。但該藥的胃腸道副作用較為突出,給病人造成痛苦的同時也影響其臨床應(yīng)用[12]。Cajal間質(zhì)細(xì)胞(ICC)是胃腸運動的起搏器,能夠產(chǎn)生自發(fā)的慢電波,可以調(diào)節(jié)胃腸的節(jié)律性蠕動[13-15],在正常胃腸運動中起關(guān)鍵作用[16-18]。C-kit是一種酪氨酸激酶受體,是ICC的特異性標(biāo)志物[19]。C-kit及其配體干細(xì)胞因子(SCF)在ICC的分化、發(fā)育和功能維持中起著重要的作用[20] 。有研究結(jié)果表明,C-kit/SCF信號的不足會導(dǎo)致新生小鼠低氧性腸運動障礙[21]。本實驗室前期研究結(jié)果顯示,姜黃素(200 mg/kg)預(yù)先灌胃 10 d以上可顯著緩解順鉑引起的小鼠胃腸蠕動障礙[22]。為研究姜黃素是否也能改善其他化療藥物引起的胃腸蠕動障礙,本實驗用環(huán)磷酰胺腹腔注射制備小鼠胃腸蠕動障礙模型,探討姜黃素能否改善模型小鼠胃腸蠕動障礙及其機(jī)制是否與C-kit/SCF信號通路改變有關(guān)。

1 材料和方法

1.1 實驗材料

選擇雄性健康昆明小鼠(購自中國山東省魯抗醫(yī)藥股份有限公司實驗動物室),體質(zhì)量為(20±2)g。姜黃素(美國Sigma公司),純度為99%,使用時將其溶于50 g/L的阿拉伯膠溶液中,配制成質(zhì)量濃度為25 g/L的混懸液。環(huán)磷酰胺(購自中國山東省西亞化學(xué)服務(wù)有限公司),使用時溶于生理鹽水,配制成質(zhì)量濃度為4 g/L的注射液。RNA提取試劑盒(中國碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司),逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR(RT-PCR)以及熒光定量PCR(qPCR)試劑盒(購自日本TaKaRa公司);C-kit、SCF、GADPH引物(購自中國生工生物工程有限公司);Western blot凝膠配制試劑盒(中國Solarbio公司);C-kit、SCF、GAPDH一抗(稀釋比例均為1∶500)和羊抗兔IgG(H+L)二抗(稀釋比例為1∶5 000)均購自中國Bioss生物技術(shù)有限公司。1.2 動物分組及處理

小鼠適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)7 d后,隨機(jī)分為對照組、姜黃素組、環(huán)磷酰胺組和姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組,每組10只。姜黃素組給予姜黃素(200 mg/kg,0.2 mL)混懸液灌胃12 d,后7 d聯(lián)合腹腔注射生理鹽水,每天1次;環(huán)磷酰胺組給予等量阿拉伯膠灌胃12 d,后7 d聯(lián)合腹腔注射環(huán)磷酰胺(100 mg/kg,0.6 mL),每天1次;姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組給予等量姜黃素混懸液灌胃12 d,后7 d聯(lián)合腹腔注射等量環(huán)磷酰胺,每天1次;對照組按照上述方式給予阿拉伯膠灌胃和生理鹽水腹腔注射。

1.3 小鼠的一般情況觀察

觀察實驗期間小鼠的精神、活動狀態(tài)、皮毛變化等一般情況;并于注射環(huán)磷酰胺的第1天起,記錄各組小鼠的體質(zhì)量,實驗結(jié)束后,計算每只小鼠用藥前后的體質(zhì)量變化。

1.4 小腸推進(jìn)率的測定

各組小鼠末次給藥后禁食不禁水24 h,給予800 g/L亞甲藍(lán)混懸液0.8 mL灌胃,20 min后以脊椎脫臼法處死小鼠,測量幽門括約肌至色素最前端的長度以及幽門括約肌至回盲瓣的長度,計算小腸推進(jìn)率。小腸推進(jìn)率=(幽門括約肌至色素最前端的長度/幽門括約肌至回盲瓣的長度)×100%。

1.5 qPCR方法檢測C-kit和SCF mRNA的相對表達(dá)量

取小鼠十二指腸組織40 mg,用離心柱純化方式提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA。應(yīng)用TaKaRa試劑盒以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參進(jìn)行qPCR。反應(yīng)條件為:95 ℃、3 min;95 ℃、10 s,60 ℃、20 s,72 ℃、30 s;共循環(huán)40次。每個樣本平行檢測3管,計算其平均CT值。采用公式2-ΔΔCT分別計算C-kit和SCF mRNA的相對表達(dá)量。各種基因擴(kuò)增的引物序列見表1。

1.6 Western blot檢測C-kit和SCF蛋白的表達(dá)

取各組小鼠十二指腸組織40 mg置于EP管中,加入蛋白裂解液和蛋白酶抑制劑用高通量組織研磨機(jī)研磨,冰上裂解30 min。然后,將其置于低溫離心機(jī)中,4 ℃下以12 000 r/min離心5 min,采用BCA法檢測上清液中蛋白濃度。提取的蛋白在SDS-PAGE凝膠中進(jìn)行電泳分離,電轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜上。將轉(zhuǎn)好的PVDF膜置于50 g/L的牛奶中封閉60 min,加入一抗稀釋液(C-kit、SCF、GAPDH均以1∶500稀釋),在室溫下孵育1 h后4 ℃過夜;次日用1×TBST洗滌3次,再加入二抗稀釋液(稀釋比例1∶5 000),在室溫下孵育1 h,洗膜。用ECL發(fā)光染色液顯影。使用Image J軟件分析條帶的灰度值,以GAPDH作為對照,計算出目的蛋白的相對表達(dá)量。實驗重復(fù)3次,取平均值。

1.7 腸組織學(xué)觀察

取近十二指腸起始部1~2 cm的腸組織,用生理鹽水洗凈、濾紙吸干,中性甲醛溶液固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋,切片,脫水,蘇木精-伊紅染色,光鏡下觀察腸組織的結(jié)構(gòu)改變和淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量。

1.8 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理

應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用析因設(shè)計方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) ?果

2.1 各組小鼠一般狀況及體質(zhì)量變化

與對照組相比較,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠精神狀態(tài)差,活動量明顯減少,皮毛粗糙紊亂,體質(zhì)量明顯下降(F=121.988,P<0.01);與環(huán)磷酰胺組相比,姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠精神狀態(tài)有所改善,活動量有所增加,皮毛光滑整齊,體質(zhì)量下降明顯減少(F=19.527,P<0.01);而姜黃素組與對照組相比,小鼠的一般狀況和體質(zhì)量變化差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。表明姜黃素可以抑制環(huán)磷酰胺導(dǎo)致的小鼠體質(zhì)量下降。見表2。

2.2 各組小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率的比較

與對照組相比,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率明顯下降(F=112.500,P<0.01);與環(huán)磷酰胺組相比,姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率明顯升高(F=24.511,P<0.01);而姜黃素組與對照組相比,小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率并無明顯變化(P>0.05)。表明姜黃素可以抑制環(huán)磷酰胺導(dǎo)致的小鼠小腸推進(jìn)率的下降。見表3。

2.3 各組小鼠C-kit和SCF mRNA表達(dá)的比較

與對照組相比,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠腸組織C-kit和SCF mRNA表達(dá)減少(F=201.84、181.895,P<0.01);與環(huán)磷酰胺組相比,姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠腸組織C-kit和SCF mRNA表達(dá)明顯增加(F=24.576、37.935,P<0.01);姜黃素組小鼠與對照組相比,C-kit和SCF mRNA的表達(dá)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。表明姜黃素可以減弱環(huán)磷酰胺所致的小鼠十二指腸組織C-kit和SCF mRNA表達(dá)降低。見表4。

2.4 各組小鼠C-kit和SCF蛋白表達(dá)的比較

與對照組相比,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠腸組織C-kit和SCF蛋白的表達(dá)明顯減少(F=93.025、71.258,P<0.01);姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組C-kit和SCF蛋白的表達(dá)較環(huán)磷酰胺組顯著增加(F=39.906、23.631,P<0.01);姜黃素組與對照組相比,兩者的表達(dá)差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。表明姜黃素可以抑制環(huán)磷酰胺導(dǎo)致的小鼠十二指腸C-kit和SCF蛋白表達(dá)的降低。見表5、圖1。

2.5 各組小鼠十二指腸組織學(xué)觀察

各組小鼠十二指腸均正常,沒有結(jié)構(gòu)損傷。與對照組相比,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠腸黏膜下層可見大量淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤;姜黃素+環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠腸黏膜下層淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量較環(huán)磷酰胺組明顯減少;而姜黃素組與對照組相比無明顯變化。

3 討 ?論

環(huán)磷酰胺是臨床上常用的廣譜抗腫瘤藥物,其產(chǎn)物磷酰胺氮芥對腫瘤細(xì)胞和正常細(xì)胞的選擇性不高,在殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞的同時,對正常組織細(xì)胞也有殺傷作用,所以容易產(chǎn)生一定的副作用,尤其是胃腸道副作用[23-24]。本實驗通過環(huán)磷酰胺腹腔注射制備小鼠腸蠕動障礙模型,可以檢測到模型小鼠的腸蠕動較正常小鼠明顯減慢,與有關(guān)研究結(jié)果相似[25]。給予姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃可以明顯改善環(huán)磷酰胺導(dǎo)致的小鼠腸蠕動障礙,這與我實驗室前期的研究結(jié)果(姜黃素預(yù)先灌胃可顯著緩解順鉑引起的小鼠胃腸蠕動障礙)相吻合[22],說明姜黃素的確能夠緩解不同化療藥物導(dǎo)致的胃腸道蠕動障礙。

以往的研究結(jié)果表明,ICC參與動物胃腸道的神經(jīng)傳遞[26-30],并且在胃腸功能紊亂中扮演著重要角色[31-34]。C-kit/SCF信號變化能夠特異性地反映ICC的功能變化[20]。本文結(jié)果顯示,環(huán)磷酰胺使小鼠十二指腸組織中C-kit及其配體SCF的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)量均明顯降低,表明環(huán)磷酰胺所致小鼠腸蠕動障礙與腸道ICC的功能下降有關(guān)。而姜黃素能減輕環(huán)磷酰胺所致的C-kit和SCF表達(dá)降低,改善小鼠的胃腸動力。另有研究結(jié)果表明,姜黃素可以通過影響C-kit和SCF途徑改善糖尿病大鼠的胃輕癱[35],這和本實驗結(jié)果相似。至于姜黃素通過何種途徑增加C-kit和SCF的表達(dá)量,目前尚不清楚,需要進(jìn)一步的研究。另外,本文蘇木精-伊紅染色結(jié)果顯示,環(huán)磷酰胺組小鼠十二指腸組織并沒有顯著的組織結(jié)構(gòu)改變,主要在腸黏膜下層有大量的淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤。而姜黃素預(yù)先干預(yù)可使腸黏膜下層淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯減少,說明姜黃素也可以抑制腸道的炎癥反應(yīng)。但由于模型小鼠腸組織結(jié)構(gòu)沒有明顯改變,僅見淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤,所以姜黃素減輕炎癥反應(yīng)不是其改善小鼠胃腸動力的主要作用機(jī)制。

綜上所述,在環(huán)磷酰胺所致的化療性胃腸動力障礙模型中,姜黃素可以通過影響C-kit/SCF信號途徑來改善小鼠的胃腸蠕動功能,表明姜黃素不僅可輔助抗腫瘤,還可以同時減輕胃腸道副作用。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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(本文編輯 馬偉平)

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