1. Metal Chopsticks金屬筷子

Unlike the Chinese and Japanese who use wooden chopsticks， South Koreans usually use metal chopsticks.

The reason for using metal over wood is unclear， but some theories suggest it was for hygiene reasons， or the scarcity of quality timber making metal cheap. The other unique thing about South Korean chopsticks is that they are always accompanied by a metal spoon.

This is because of the large number of soup-like dishes eaten at a South Korean meal. In fact， most South Korean meals involve soup and rice primarily （with kimchi on the side of course）， with other side dishes being optional. When the table is set， the spoon always goes to the left of the chopsticks.

與中國(guó)人和日本人使用的木筷子不同，韓國(guó)人常常使用的是金屬筷子。

使用金屬筷子而非木筷子的原因尚不清楚，但是一些觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為是衛(wèi)生方面的原因，或者是優(yōu)質(zhì)木材的奇缺使金屬制筷子更為便宜。韓國(guó)筷子的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們總是會(huì)跟金屬勺子配套使用。

這是因?yàn)轫n國(guó)餐飲中有大量湯類(lèi)食物。事實(shí)上，韓國(guó)大部分食物以湯和米飯為主（泡菜在菜的一邊），而其他配菜是可供自由選擇的。在布置餐桌時(shí)，勺子總是被放在筷子的左邊。

2. What goes where？如何擺放

There is a particular order to the placement of things on a South Korean table. At each place setting you have rice， then to its right you have soup， then the chopsticks on the far right. Stews and side dishes are arranged in the center of the table for everyone to share. And here share means that even the stews are usually eaten by everyone from a communal pot. When sharing from a communal pot make sure your spoon is very clean—this is done with the mouth—not a napkin. In other words， when eating off your spoon， dont leave anything behind before dipping it again.

韓式餐桌物品的擺放是有一定秩序的。首先從擺放米飯的位置開(kāi)始，它的右側(cè)是放湯的位置，筷子則是放在右側(cè)較遠(yuǎn)的地方。燉菜和配菜應(yīng)放在餐桌的中間，供大家一起分享。這里所說(shuō)的分享，是指大家從一個(gè)公共的鍋里取食物。當(dāng)你從鍋里取食物的時(shí)候，要保證你的勺子是非常干凈的。但千萬(wàn)不要用紙巾來(lái)擦干凈，而是用你的嘴巴。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，在你再次把勺子伸進(jìn)鍋里之前，要保證勺子在離開(kāi)你的嘴后，上面沒(méi)有殘留任何食物。

3. Right Tools正確的工具

You should use the right tools for the job—in South Korean food that means you eat your rice with a spoon. So often on video clips online of non-South Koreans eating bibimbap （mixed rice） you see them struggling to stir up their rice and vegetables with their chopsticks. They should be using a spoon！ It is very easy to mix up bibimbap this way and， of course， it means you get to eat it much faster as everything must be mixed well first. The spoon is also used for soups， stews， and porridges. Chopsticks are there to help you pick up pieces of meat or vegetables from a barbecue， or to take side dishes.

吃飯時(shí)須用對(duì)工具——這句話(huà)放在韓國(guó)餐飲中的意思是說(shuō)吃米飯要用勺子。在網(wǎng)上的視頻短片中，你會(huì)時(shí)?？吹椒琼n國(guó)人吃韓國(guó)拌飯（什錦飯）時(shí)在努力地用筷子攪拌米飯和蔬菜。他們應(yīng)該用勺子！用勺子攪拌韓國(guó)拌飯是很輕松的事。勺子也用于喝湯、吃燉菜和喝粥。在韓國(guó)，筷子是用來(lái)夾燒烤架上的肉片或蔬菜，或者用來(lái)夾一些配菜。

4. Good Manners良好的禮儀

It can be considered rude if you dont eat all of your rice. It is not necessary to finish all of the side dishes on the table， but the rice is a must. You should never blow your nose at the table—this is considered to be one of the rudest actions possible. Other banned acts： leaving chopsticks in your bowl between bites， eating with your mouth open， talking with your mouth full， overeating， and using your hands to pick up dishes. You should also not start eating before the oldest person at the table starts. When you have finished eating， your spoon and chopsticks return to the place from where they came： on the table.

如果你不把碗里的飯全部吃完，則會(huì)被視為沒(méi)有教養(yǎng)的行為。餐桌上的菜可以不吃完，但米飯是必須要吃完的。不要在飯桌上擤鼻涕，因?yàn)檫@被視為最不禮貌的行為之一。其他禁止的行為還包括：咀嚼食物時(shí)把筷子放在碗里，咀嚼食物時(shí)張嘴，嘴里有東西時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)，吃得太多和用手取食物。吃飯時(shí)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)茸钅觊L(zhǎng)的人開(kāi)吃之后才動(dòng)筷子。吃完飯以后，把你的勺子和筷子放到它們最初在餐桌上的位置。

5. Drinking Manners飲酒禮儀

At the table you should not pour your own liquor—someone else will pour it for you （hold your glass with two hands while it is being filled）， and in turn， you should pour drinks for them. If you are serving a drink to someone older than you， use two hands to hold the bottle. Make sure your companions glass is never empty. The next rule may sound tedious， but South Koreans are much more aware of social order so it is quite important. When ?drinking with someone higher than you on the social ladder （either in age， business rank， or social rank） you should turn your head away from them when you take a sip. This is done as a sign of deference.

在餐桌上你不應(yīng)該自己給自己倒酒——有人會(huì)為你倒的（別人為你倒酒時(shí)，你必須用雙手捧起杯子），反過(guò)來(lái)，你也應(yīng)該為他們倒酒。如果給比你年長(zhǎng)的人倒酒，那么用雙手拿酒瓶。確保你同伴的杯子里總是有酒。接下來(lái)的這個(gè)規(guī)矩可能聽(tīng)起來(lái)很無(wú)趣，但韓國(guó)人特別注重社會(huì)秩序，所以這條規(guī)矩相當(dāng)重要。和社會(huì)階層（在年齡、職位或社會(huì)地位方面）比你高的人一起喝酒時(shí)，你不應(yīng)該面對(duì)著他們，而應(yīng)該把頭扭開(kāi)小口酌酒。這是一種表達(dá)敬意的姿態(tài)。

Word Study

scarcity /'ske?s?ti/ n. 缺乏;不足;稀少

communal /k?'mju?nl/ adj. 共有的，共用的

tedious /'ti?di?s/ adj. 冗長(zhǎng)的;令人厭煩的

We had to listen to the tedious details of his operation.

deference /'def?r?ns/ n. 尊重;遵從

The women wore veils in deference to the customs of the country.