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右心室功能與系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡合并肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的病情及生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)性

2020-04-20 11:01肖潔史學(xué)功趙韌
心腦血管病防治 2020年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:肺動(dòng)脈高壓系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡生活質(zhì)量

肖潔 史學(xué)功 趙韌

【摘要】 目的 探討右心室功能與系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)合并肺動(dòng)脈高壓(PAH)患者的病情及生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)性。 方法 選擇2017年3月至2018年1月于安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院就診的SLE合并PAH患者90例納入SLE+ PAH組,將同期于我院就診的常規(guī)SLE患者82例納入SLE組,再將同期于我院體檢健康的成年患者91例納入對(duì)照組。收集所有患者一般資料及檢測(cè)指標(biāo),并比較三組患者間差異。隨后根據(jù)SLE+ PAH組患者PAH病情(EULAR/ACR標(biāo)準(zhǔn))進(jìn)行分組,比較兩組患者間右心室舒張末期面積(RV EDA)、右心室心肌功能指數(shù)(RV MPI)、肺動(dòng)脈收縮壓(PASP)、三尖瓣環(huán)收縮期位移(TAPSE)、右室面積變化分?jǐn)?shù)(RV FAC)、三尖瓣口舒張?jiān)缙诤屯砥谘鞣逯当龋‥/A)、舒張?jiān)缙谌獍暄鞣逯岛腿獍臧戥h(huán)組織多普勒速度比值(E/e)的差異。最后分析上述指標(biāo)與患者病情評(píng)分及生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(SF-36)的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 SLE+ PAH組RV基底直徑(39.74±4.92:28.29±4.13:27.34±3.72)、RV EDA(22.83±3.62:17.92±2.38:17.47±2.94)、RV MPI(0.52±0.08:0.41±0.05:0.36±0.06)、PASP(61.34±9.12:24.19±2.94:18.53±2.34)及E/e(6.64±1.63:4.87±0.92:3.25±0.43)均顯著高于其他兩組(F=232.90,85.31,143.32,1462.63,521.57;均P < 0.01),而TAPSE(14.83±3.14:20.38±3.29:25.54±3.52)、RV FAC(27.23±4.42:37.14±5.33:42.37±6.13)、E/A(0.62±0.18:1.24±0.29:1.56±0.23)顯著低于其他兩組(F=394.56,186.90,370.56;P < 0.05)。SLE+ PAH組中WHO分類Ⅰ-Ⅱ期共計(jì)52例,而Ⅲ-Ⅳ期共計(jì)38例。Ⅰ-Ⅱ組中TAPSE(21.62±2.93:9.41±3.29)、RV FAC(41.39±4.23:27.14±3.95)、E/A(0.84±0.21vs0.47±0.19)均顯著高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ組(t=18.54,16.28,8.59;均P < 0.01),而RV基底段直徑(37.47±4.83:43.19±5.24)、RV EDA(19.33±3.72:23.43±3.98)、RV MPI(0.42±0.08:0.74±0.09)、PASP(41.42±6.43:83.39±11.23)及E/e(4.88±0.78:9.47±2.94)顯著低于Ⅲ-Ⅳ組(t=-5.35,-5.01,-17.78,-22.41,-10.77,均P < 0.01)。SLE+ PAH組患者RV MPI及PASP與病情呈正相關(guān),且為影響SLEDAI評(píng)分的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(β=0.185,0.226;P < 0.01);而TAPSE及RVFAC與病情呈負(fù)相關(guān),為SLEDAI評(píng)分的保護(hù)因素(β=-0.271,-0.410;P < 0.01);該組患者中RV MPI及PASP與SF-36得分呈負(fù)相關(guān),且為影響患者SF-36評(píng)分的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(β=-0.404,-0.573;均P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 PASP及MPI作為影響SLE合并PAH患者病情及生活質(zhì)量的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,在今后臨床工作中應(yīng)加以重視。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡;肺動(dòng)脈高壓;右心室功能;生活質(zhì)量

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the correlation between right ventricular function and the condition and quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) combined with pulmonary hypertension(PAH). Methods 90 patients with SLE and PAH who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2017 to January 2018 were selected into the SLE + PAH group. At the same time, 82 conventional SLE patients who were treated in our hospital during the same period were included in the SLE group. 91 adult patients who were healthy taking physical examination in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. Collect general information and testing indicators of all patients, and compare the differences between the three groups. Patients were divided into groups according to their PAH status (EULAR/ACR criteria) in the SLE + PAH group. The differences in right ventricular end-diastolic area (RV EDA), Right ventricular myocardial function index (RV MPI), pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), tricuspid annulus systolic displacement (TAPSE), C right ventricular area change score (RV FAC), Peak tricuspid valve diastole early and late peak blood flow ratio (E/A), Early diastolic tricuspid valve blood flow peak and tricuspid annulus tissue Doppler velocity ratio (E/e) between the two groups of patients were compared. Finally, the correlation between the above indicators and the patient's condition score and quality of life score (SF-36) was analyzed. Results The RV base diameter (39.74±4.92:28.29 ±4.13:27.34±3.72), RV EDA (22.83±3.62:17.92±2.38:17.47±2.94), RV MPI (0.52±0.08:0.41± 0.05:0.36±0.06), PASP (61.34±9.12:24.19±2.94:18.53±2.34), and E/e' (6.64±1.63:4.87±0.92:3.25±0.43) in the + PAH group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (F=232.90, 85.31, 143.323, 1462.63, 521.57; P < 0.001). And TAPSE (14.83±3.14:20.38±3.29:25.54±3.52), RV FAC (27.23±4.42:37.14 ±5.33:42.37±6.13), E/A (0.62±0.18:1.24±0.29:1.56±0.23) were significantly lower than the other two groups (F=394.56, 186.90, 370.56; P < 0.05). In the SLE + PAH group, a total of 52 cases were classified as WHO Stage I-II, and 38 cases were classified as Stage III-IV. TAPSE (21.62±2.93:9.41±3.29), RV FAC (41.39±4.23:27.14±3.95), and E/A (0.84±0.21vs0.47±0.19)in group Ⅰ-Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅲ-Ⅳ (t=18.54, 16.28, 8.59; P < 0.001). The RV basal segment diameter (37.47±4.83:43.19±5.24), RV EDA (19.33±3.72:23.43±3.98), RV MPI (0.42±0.08:0.74±0.09), PASP (41.42±6.43:83.39±11.23), and E/e' (4.88±0.78:9.47±2.94) were significantly lower than those in the III-IV group (t=-5.35, -5.01, -17.78, -22.41, -10.77, P < 0.01). The RV MPI and PASP in SLE + PAH group were positively correlated with the condition, and were independent risk factors of the SLEDAI score (β=0.185, 0.226; P <0.01). The TAPSE and RRVAC were negatively correlated with the condition, and were protective factors for the SLEDAI score (β=-0.271, -0.410; P < 0.01). In this group of patients, RV MPI and PASP were negatively correlated with SF-36 scores, and were independent risk factors of patients' SF-36 scores (β=-0.404, -0.573; P <0.01). Conclusion PASP and MPI are independent risk factors of the condition and quality of life in patients with SLE combined with PAH , which should be paid attention to in future clinical work.

【Key words】 Systemic lupus erythematosus; Pulmonary hypertension; Right ventricular function; Quality of life

系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)作為自身免疫性結(jié)締組織病,其對(duì)全身多個(gè)系統(tǒng)均有顯著影響,SLE所致的肺動(dòng)脈高壓(pulmonary artery hypertension,PAH)是導(dǎo)致此類患者死亡的重要因素之一[1]。研究表明,由于肺動(dòng)脈與右心室相連,故SLE所致的PAH可能影響患者右心室相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)及功能[2]。而目前超聲心動(dòng)圖是臨床評(píng)價(jià)患者右心室功能的重要手段,但是將之運(yùn)用于評(píng)價(jià)SLE所致的PAH患者病情及生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)研究卻較少。故本文旨在為臨床SLE所致的PAH患者的綜合評(píng)價(jià)提供理論依據(jù)。

1資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選擇2017年3月至2018年1月于安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院就診的SLE合并PAH患者90例納入SLE+ PAH組,同時(shí)將同期于我院就診的常規(guī)SLE患者82例納入SLE組,再將同期于我院體檢健康的成年人91例納入對(duì)照組。所有患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)并報(bào)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核通過(guò),其中SLE+ PAH組平均年齡(35.74±4.15)歲;平均體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)(24.94±0.72)kg/m2;男7例,女83例。SLE組平均年齡(35.21±3.47)歲;平均BMI(25.02±0.93)kg/m2;男4例,女78例。對(duì)照組平均年齡(36.42±4.73)歲;平均BMI(24.78±0.81)kg/m2;男10例,女81例。三組患者一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)SLE+PAH組符合《中國(guó)成人系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡相關(guān)肺動(dòng)脈高壓診治共識(shí)》中關(guān)于SLE+PAH的診斷[3];(2)SLE組符合美國(guó)風(fēng)濕病協(xié)會(huì)2012年頒布的SLE診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不伴有PAH及其他并發(fā)癥[4];(3)意識(shí)清楚可以配合問(wèn)卷調(diào)查;(4)年齡在60歲以下。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)除SLE外,罹患其他可導(dǎo)致PAH的疾病;(2)曾接受過(guò)相關(guān)藥物治療或近期有治療藥物服用史;(3)其他嚴(yán)重的慢性全身性疾病史;(4)神經(jīng)或精神類疾病史。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 右心室功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)方法 超聲心動(dòng)圖采用美國(guó)Philips EPIQ7C彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,S5-1二維矩陣探頭,頻率1~5 MHZ。囑受檢者左側(cè)臥位,保持平穩(wěn)呼吸,同步連接心電圖。根據(jù)2010年美國(guó)超聲心動(dòng)圖協(xié)會(huì)(ASE)成人右心超聲心動(dòng)圖診斷指南進(jìn)行檢查[5]。相關(guān)指標(biāo)包括:(1)右心結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):右心室(right ventricle,RV)基底段直徑、右心房(right atrium,RA)及RV舒張末期面積(end diastolic area,EDV)。(2)收縮功能參數(shù):RV心肌功能指數(shù)(myocardial performance index,MPI)、右室面積變化分?jǐn)?shù)(fractional area change,F(xiàn)AC)、三尖瓣環(huán)收縮期位移(tricuspid annulus systolic displacement,TAPSE)及肺動(dòng)脈收縮壓(pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PASP)。(3)舒張功能參數(shù):三尖瓣口舒張?jiān)缙诤屯砥谘鞣逯当龋‥/A) 比值及舒張?jiān)缙谌獍暄鞣逯岛腿獍臧戥h(huán)組織多普勒速度比值(E/e)。

1.2.2 生活質(zhì)量量表評(píng)分方法 采用SF-36評(píng)分評(píng)價(jià)患者生活質(zhì)量,問(wèn)卷包括36個(gè)條目共計(jì)8個(gè)方面問(wèn)題,每個(gè)方面得分計(jì)算方法為換算得分=[(實(shí)際得分-最低得分)/(最高得分-最低得分)]×100,最后將所有方面得分相加記為總分,分值與患者生活質(zhì)量呈正相關(guān)[6]。

1.2.3 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡活動(dòng)度評(píng)分(systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index,SLEDAI)方法 根據(jù)患者血液檢查結(jié)果及相關(guān)癥狀對(duì)患者SLE活動(dòng)度進(jìn)行評(píng)分,分值與病情活動(dòng)度呈正相關(guān)[7]。

1.2.4 SLE導(dǎo)致的PAH疾病病情分級(jí) 根據(jù)2019年EULAR/ACR制定的關(guān)于PAH的病情分級(jí)對(duì)SLE+PAH組患者進(jìn)行分組,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ期共計(jì)52例,而Ⅲ-Ⅳ期共計(jì)38例。并比較兩組患者間右心功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)、SLEDAI評(píng)分及SF-36評(píng)分之間的差異[8]。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS22.0版軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理分析。計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,三組之間差異比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)因素分析采用Logistic多元回歸模型。P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 三組患者間右心室功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)、SLEDAI評(píng)分及SF-36評(píng)分之間比較 SLE組RV MPI、PASP、SLEDAI及E/e顯著高于對(duì)照組,而TAPSE、RV FAC、E/A及SF-36顯著低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05);SLE+PAH組RV基底段直徑、RV EDA、RV MPI、PASP、SLEDAI及E/e、均顯著高于其他兩組,而TAPSE、RV FAC、E/A及SF-36顯著低于其他兩組(P < 0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 SLE+PAH組不同病情患者右心室功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)、SLEDAI評(píng)分、SF-36評(píng)分比較 Ⅰ-Ⅱ期組TAPSE、RV FAC、E/A及SF-36均顯著高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ期組,而RV基底段直徑、RV EDA、RV MPI、PASP、E/e及SLEDAI評(píng)分顯著低于Ⅲ-Ⅳ期組(P < 0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.3 SLE+PAH患者病情及SF-36評(píng)分與右心室功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)的分析 多元線性分析結(jié)果顯示,SLE+PAH組患者RVMPI及PASP與病情呈正相關(guān),且為影響SLEDAI評(píng)分的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素;而TAPSE及RVFAC與病情呈負(fù)相關(guān),為SLEDAI評(píng)分的保護(hù)因素(P < 0.05);該組患者中PASP及MPI與SF-36得分呈負(fù)相關(guān),且為影響患者SF-36評(píng)分的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P < 0.05),見(jiàn)表3,4。

3 討論

SLE導(dǎo)致的PAH占結(jié)締組織病所致PAH的50%,且已經(jīng)逐漸成為導(dǎo)致SLE死亡的主要原因之一[1]。對(duì)于此類患者如能進(jìn)行早期病情評(píng)估,并積極開(kāi)展針對(duì)性治療可以有效改善患者預(yù)后。而目前《中國(guó)成人系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡相關(guān)肺動(dòng)脈高壓診治共識(shí)》中針對(duì)SLE導(dǎo)致PAH的病情評(píng)估主要根據(jù)其PASP,對(duì)于右心室功能的評(píng)價(jià)卻未被納入評(píng)估范圍。Luo等[2]的研究中,SLE所致的PAH患者右心室結(jié)構(gòu)及功能較單純SLE會(huì)有一定的改變,但是結(jié)論并不明確。本文研究分析右心室功能對(duì)SLE所致的PAH患者病情及生活質(zhì)量的影響。

本文充分證明了右心室功能在SLE所致的PAH患者中發(fā)生較大改變。此類疾病患者發(fā)病主要原因?yàn)镾LE所致的肺血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙,引起肺動(dòng)脈阻力顯著增加,從而導(dǎo)致PAH。而肺動(dòng)脈壓力作為右心室后負(fù)荷,其增加的結(jié)果會(huì)誘發(fā)右心室相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)改變甚至出現(xiàn)重構(gòu),以往有研究顯示肺動(dòng)脈壓力上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致右心室向心性肥厚及舒張末期容量增加,這說(shuō)明PAH會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者右心室結(jié)構(gòu)及功能發(fā)生顯著改變。本次研究結(jié)果中,SLE+PAH患者SLE病情評(píng)分也顯著較高,其主要原因還是由于導(dǎo)致SLE患者體內(nèi)的自身免疫及炎性反應(yīng)程度有明顯關(guān)系,而上述二者不光會(huì)導(dǎo)致SLE患者病情加重,同時(shí)還會(huì)引起肺血管炎性反應(yīng)及內(nèi)皮功能障礙,加重血栓形成,導(dǎo)致PAH病情進(jìn)展,故SLE合并PAH患者SLEDAI評(píng)分也相對(duì)較高。而在之后對(duì)于EULAR/ACR不同分期的患者來(lái)說(shuō)Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者右心功能惡化情況要顯著優(yōu)于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期,相對(duì)的病情評(píng)分及SF-36評(píng)分情況也要優(yōu)于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期。以往研究結(jié)果顯示,中晚期SLE所致的PAH患者其生存質(zhì)量及預(yù)后情況顯著差于早期患者[8]。在Fo?s 等[9]的研究中,PASP是反映PAH的最直接指標(biāo),而早期患者由于PASP相對(duì)中晚期較低,故右心室的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能改變情況也相對(duì)較少,本次研究結(jié)果與其類似。

而最后通過(guò)對(duì)右心室功能的8個(gè)指標(biāo)分別與SLEDAI評(píng)分及SF-36評(píng)分進(jìn)行多因素分析,PASP及MPI作為患者病情及生活質(zhì)量二者共同的影響因素,在反映SLE導(dǎo)致PAH的病情嚴(yán)重性及生活質(zhì)量上具有較高的臨床意義。PASP與右心室收縮功能顯著相關(guān),當(dāng)PASP達(dá)到右心室通過(guò)代償也無(wú)法達(dá)到正常收縮時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生顯著改變,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致右心室功能也發(fā)生較大變化。而以往有研究提出,MPI是反應(yīng)右心室功能障礙預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因子,其受心率及RV壓力影響較小[10]。故當(dāng)患者M(jìn)PI升高可以證明其右心室功能發(fā)生顯著障礙,從而導(dǎo)致患者生活質(zhì)量下降。同時(shí),SLE患者病情是導(dǎo)致右心室功能的重要影響因素。因本次研究為單中心小樣本量研究,雖對(duì)臨床工作有一定指導(dǎo)意義,但仍需大量研究充分證實(shí)。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Hachulla E, Jais X, Cinquetti G, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus: results from the french pulmonary hypertension registry[J].Chest, 2018, 153(1):143-151

[2] Luo R, Cui H, Huang D, et al.Early assessment of right ventricular function in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using strain and strain rate imaging[J]. Arq Bras Cardiol, 2018, 111(1):75–81.

[3] 國(guó)家風(fēng)濕病數(shù)據(jù)中心.中國(guó)成人系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡相關(guān)肺動(dòng)脈高壓診治共識(shí)[J].中華內(nèi)科雜志,2015,54(1):81-86.

[4] Yu C, Gershwin M E, Chang C. Diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: A critical review[J]. J Autoimmun, 2014, 48-49:10-13.

[5] Rudski L G, Lai W W, Afilalo J,et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2010, 23(7):685-713.

[6] Gu M, Cheng Q, Wang X,et al.The impact of SLE on health-related quality of life assessed with SF-36: a systemic review and meta-analysis[J].Lupus, 2019, 28(3):371-382.

[7] Vienna S. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), Dictionary of Rheumatology[M]. Springer Vienna, 2009:267-268.

[8] Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al.2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Ann Rheum Dis, 2019, 78(9):1151-1159.

[9] Fo?s E, Le G V, Dupuy A, et al. Noninvasive assessment of systolic pulmonary artery pressure in systemic lupus erythematosus: retrospective analysis of 93 patients.[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2010, 28(6):836.

[10] Smolarek D, Grucha?aM, SobiczewskiW.Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular systolic function: The traditional and innovative approach[J].Cardiol J, 2017, 24(5):563-572.

(收稿日期:2019-07-25)

(本文編輯:蔣愛(ài)敏)

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