劉秋蘭 杜良琴 吳茂鋒
摘要:隨著基因檢測(cè)的普及,基因指導(dǎo)下個(gè)體化精準(zhǔn)治療成為進(jìn)一步提高靶向治療療效的有效途徑。培唑帕尼是一種多靶點(diǎn)酪氨酸激酶抑制劑,其療效與不良反應(yīng)的差異與相關(guān)基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系日益受到關(guān)注。本文就培唑帕尼相關(guān)酶的基因多態(tài)性與其療效及所致不良反應(yīng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行綜述。
關(guān)鍵詞:培唑帕尼;酪氨酸激酶抑制劑;基因多態(tài)性
【中圖分類號(hào)】R-0???? ?????? ?????? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A ?????? ?????? ?????? 【文章編號(hào)】2107-2306(2020)01-156-02
[Abstract]? With the popularization of gene testing, personalized and precise treatment under the guidance of genes has become an effective way to further improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.Pazopanib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor.In this paper, the genetic polymorphisms of various enzymes related to pazopanib and their effects on therapeutic effect and adverse reaction were reviewed.
[Keywords] pazopanib;Tyrosine kinase inhibitors;Gene polymorphism
培唑帕尼,又名帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)是一種新型的小分子多靶點(diǎn)酪氨酸激酶抑制劑。于2017年3月獲得中國(guó)CFDA批準(zhǔn)用于晚期腎細(xì)胞癌(RCC)的治療,培唑帕尼是FDA批準(zhǔn)用于治療多種不同組織學(xué)亞型軟組織肉瘤(STS)的第一個(gè)也是唯一一個(gè)酪氨酸激酶抑制劑[1]。本文就基因多態(tài)性檢測(cè)用于評(píng)估培唑帕尼臨床應(yīng)用的療效和不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行綜述。
1 基因多態(tài)性與療效
1.1 VEGFA、FGFR2基因
Bianconi M等[2]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)VEGFA 的SNPs與mRCC患者培唑帕尼治療應(yīng)答率及結(jié)局相關(guān);Xu CF等[3]發(fā)現(xiàn): VEGFA -1498位點(diǎn)CC型RCC客觀緩解率33%低于TT型患者的51%。Vanmechelen M等[4]研究表明成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子受體2 (FGFR2)中的SNP與培唑帕尼治療RCC療效有關(guān)。
1.2 KDR、IL-8基因
KDR基因rs34231037位點(diǎn)為AG型的腎細(xì)胞癌患者培唑帕尼治療的應(yīng)答率低于AA型的患者[5]。IL-8基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性與轉(zhuǎn)移性透明細(xì)胞癌(ccRCC)獲得性耐藥機(jī)制相關(guān),IL-8(rs1126647, rs4073)基因多態(tài)性與總生存率(OS)顯著相關(guān)[6]。
1.3 HIF1A、FLT4基因
HIF-1的過表達(dá)與腎細(xì)胞癌(RCC)的發(fā)病機(jī)制有關(guān),結(jié)果提示HIF1A基因多態(tài)性與腎細(xì)胞癌的復(fù)發(fā)和生存預(yù)后相關(guān)[7]。西班牙的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)培唑帕尼的療效以及患者的生存期可能與FLT4基因有關(guān)[8]。
1.4自噬基因(ATGs)
Santoni M等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞自噬基因SNPs與患者的無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)相關(guān)。
2基因多態(tài)性與不良反應(yīng)
2.1 HFE基因
Xu CF等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)HFE基因rs2858996/rs707889位點(diǎn)純合突變TT型的腎細(xì)胞癌的患者肝損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
2.2 HLA-B、HLA-D基因
Xu CF等[11]研究表明HLA-B基因多態(tài)性與培唑帕尼引起的肝損有關(guān),Xiang Q等[12]的分析顯示, HLA-DQA1*02:01、 HLA-DQB1*02:02、 HLA-DRB1*07:01基因型的患者肝損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
2.3 UGTs基因
Motzer RJ 等[13]研究顯示: UGT1A1基因純合子突變型(UGT1A1*28*28)的腎細(xì)胞癌患者培唑帕尼治療后高膽紅素血癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
2.4 ABCG2基因
ABCG2轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白rs2231142位點(diǎn)的多態(tài)性與培唑帕尼聯(lián)合辛伐他汀治療引起的肝損傷相關(guān),突變型(TT與GT)的癌癥患者肝損傷的可能性加大。
3總結(jié)與展望
通過基因多態(tài)性檢測(cè)來預(yù)測(cè)癌癥患者對(duì)培唑帕尼的療效和不良反應(yīng)是臨床實(shí)施個(gè)體化治療及劑量調(diào)整的有效手段。由于現(xiàn)有的基因多態(tài)性檢測(cè)方法是比較復(fù)雜且價(jià)格相對(duì)昂貴,需要建立快速簡(jiǎn)便準(zhǔn)確的基因分型方法,使其適用于臨床眾多的患者或受試者進(jìn)行基因突變的檢測(cè);同時(shí)對(duì)大量受試者的篩查,獲得基因突變類型大數(shù)據(jù),建立培唑帕尼療效及不良反應(yīng)與基因多態(tài)性關(guān)系的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),指導(dǎo)臨床個(gè)體化用藥。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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